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Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer - Private Law and the Data Act

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Sebastian Lohsse (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.), Dirk Staudenmayer (ed.)

Private Law and the Data Act

2024

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Moritz Hennemann A Fair Share? – Data Contracts and Unfair Terms Control S. 149-172

„… . To complicate the picture,it is important to bear in mind that the aforementioned contracts might …” „… vertragsrechtlicher Rahmen für Datennutzungsverträge – Anwendungsbereichund Vorgaben der Missbrauchskontrolle nach Art …” „… 2022,596; Andreas Wiebe, Der Data Act als vertragsrechtlicher Rahmen für Datennut‐zungsverträge …”

Christiane Wendehorst Model Contractual Terms for Mandatory Data Sharing: Challenges and Considerations S. 97-124

„… sharing asmandated by the Data Act. It focuses on the role of the Commission ExpertGroup, explores diverse …” „… challenges and considerations involvedin developing the MCTs for data sharing and use. It examines the …” „… ; Andre‐as Wiebe, ‘Der Data Act als vertragsrechtlicher Rahmen für DatennutzungsverträgeAnwendungsbereich und …”

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer The Data Act – a Cornerstone for the European Data Economy S. 11-42

„… significance of data asfactor of production. It has been said that in the 21st century data is setto replace …” „… classical factors of production, it* Sebastian Lohsse and Reiner Schulze are Professors of Law, Centre for …” „… Data Act.2 Cf. Rec. 4 sentence 1. According to Harari (21 Lessons for the 21st Century, 2018, p. 97)it …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748947844

Stefan Kroll, Loukas Mistelis, Pilar Perales Viscasillas - UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)

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Stefan Kroll (ed.), Loukas Mistelis (ed.), Pilar Perales Viscasillas (ed.)

UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2011

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Franco Ferrari Introduction Remarks to Articles 14–24 S. 207-215

„… through.5 Pursuant to Art. 92, it is possible for a Contracting State to “declare at the time of signature …” „… , ratification, acceptance, approval or accession that it will not be bound by Part II of this Convention or that …” „… it will not be bound by Part III of this Convention.”6 The Scandinavian Contracting States, namely …”

Franco Ferrari Articles 14–24 S. 216-332

„… concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently …” „… sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for …” „… provides that for a proposal to be considered an offer under the CISG, it must be addressed to one or more …”

Frank Spohnheimer No title S. 39-52

„… internationalen Kaufrecht (1988) p. 148; Saenger, in: Ferrari et al., Internationales Vertragsrecht (2007), Art. 2 …” „… Vertragsrecht (2007), Art. 2 CISG para. 1. 7 Lookofsky, Understanding the CISG (2008), p. 18. 8 In the case of …” „… a businessman or not.15 In other words, it is not the buyer’s status that is of relevance (e.g …”

Stefan Kroll Articles 35–44 S. 487-680

„… , except where the circumstances show that the buyer did not rely, or that it was unreasonable for him to …” „… packaging and costs associated with it .... 146 4. Art. 35(3 …” „… Unlike many national sales laws, it covers not only quality but also quantity, identity and packaging.3 …”

Yesim M. Atamer No title S. 1098-1107

„… omission of the obligee himself, it would be contrary to the good faith principle if the obligee could …” „… for the delayed payment as it could not reasonably be expected to pay immediately for defective goods …” „… ., Internationales Vertragsrecht (2007), Art. 80 para. 2;Magnus, in: Honsell, Kommentar (2010), Art. 80 para. 4. 8 …”

Peter Huber Articles 45–49 S. 681-747

„… reaction to the seller’s breach. It is submitted, however, that there is a general principle of the …” „… subject to the parties’ agreement. Thus, it should not be granted where it would be inconsistent with such …” „… that it aims at keeping the contract alive as long as possible in order to avoid the necessity of …”

Yesim M. Atamer No title S. 1054-1097

„… contract or to have avoided or overcome it or its consequences. (2) If the party's failure is due to the …” „… Behandlung von Leistungsstörungen im Europäischen Vertragsrecht (2006); Fischer, Die Unmöglichkeit der …” „… Leistung im internationalen Kauf- und Vertragsrecht (2001); Flambouras, The Doctrines of Impossibility of …”

Stefan Kroll Introduction Remarks to Articles 35–44 S. 484-486

„… ), Internationales Vertragsrecht (2007), Art. 35 CISG para. 4; Eckert/Maifeld/Matthiessen, Handuch des Kaufrechts …” „… may amount to a fundamental breach, it may very often be difficult for a buyer to determine whether …” „… liability on the other. It is submitted that with the exception of remedies which are based on facts and …”

Burghard Piltz Articles 31–34 S. 408-483

„… undertake in order to deliver. However, depending on the circumstances, it is possible that a delivery …” „… such a situation where delivery of the goods is superfluous bears the burden of proving it. On the …” „… necessary for the carriage of the goods, Art. 32(2). But it is the buyer who has to bear the costs of the …”

Petra Butler, Arjun Harindranath Articles 54–59 S. 803-848

„… if it causes the payment not to be made.7 The purpose of the provision is to ensure that the owed …” „… bank may not be enough; it must be the case that there are sufficient funds capable of undergoing the …” „… obliged to obtain permission from an executive committee before it could provide a letter of credit. The …”

Loukas Mistelis No title S. 99-110

„… autonomy in respect of the content of sales contracts. In other words, it “affirms and preserves the …” „… the provisions of the Convention. It also implies that the parties may decide to subject their …” „… adoption of the CISG it was noted that “traders … should feel reassured” by the non-mandatory or “enabling …”

Ivo Bach Articles 50–52 S. 748-796

„… theneed for a separate remedy.6 With this background in mind, it is surprising that the damages provisions …” „… claims when force majeure or hardship interfere with a seller’s performance, it does not exclude claims …” „… , neither does it depend on approval by the seller. Instead, Art. 50provides the buyer the right …”

Burghard Piltz No title S. 391-407

„… of a contract of sale of goods. It serves as an introduction to Chapter II “Obligations of the seller …” „… option to declare that it will not be bound by Part III of the CISG and hence will not be obliged to …” „… primary and paramount significance, Art. 30 only plays a supplementary role. It only gains significance to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… commentary aims to be an international approach to the CISG: it brings together authors from fifteen …” „… C Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot. It has been a great experience to work with one …” „… . They have all worked to keep the project alive and bring it to fruition. Friendships were enhanced and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266398

Marius Müller - Credit Rating Over-Reliance in Asset Management

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Marius Müller

Credit Rating Over-Reliance in Asset Management

Series: Studien zum Bank-, Börsen- und Kapitalmarktrecht

Volume 82 2023

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II. Regulation of Credit Ratings as Subject of Research S. 29-92

„… and issues arising from this originalpurpose. It is necessary to identify which characteristics allow …” „… inthe form of a book.21The first publication of a rating, as it is known today, was conductedin 1909 …” „… asymmetry will most likely not engage into a transactionthat it is not qualified to assess. Usually, there …”

III. Regulating Ratings’ Regulatory Function – The Case of Rating Over-Reliance within Mutual Fund Investment Guidelines S. 93-164

„… InvestmentGuidelinesIt has been identified that CRAs have previously failed in their function asinformation …” „… . Given the significant amounts of debt capital administered in theasset management industry, it is a …” „… andEuropeIt has been identified that CRAs have previously failed in their function asinformation …”

I. Introduction S. 21-28

„… aftermath, reinitiated the debate around CRAs’ power. It was thenidentified that various regulatory …” „… system. It promotes international financialstability by coordinating national financial authorities and …” „… corporate bond markets.11It is the scenario of a liquidity squeeze due to an insufficient number ofbuyers …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748918622

Reiner Schulze - Common European Sales Law (CESL)

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Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Common European Sales Law (CESL)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2012

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Bibliography S. 28-34

„… Textstufe des europäischen Vertragsrechts’, (2012) JZ 269–289 Ernst, ‘AGB-Recht’, in Remien et al (eds), GEK …” „… Vorschlags der Europäischen Kommission für ein optionales Europäisches Vertragsrecht vom 11. Oktober 2011 …” „… Kommission für ein optionales Europäisches Vertragsrecht vom 11. Oktober 2011, Beck: Munich (2012) 161–187 …”

Article 73 Determination of price S. 391-395

„… individually negotiated agreement (rare as it may be) to make the merger clause binding for both sides can be …” „… effective. From a systematic point of view, it is however questionable whether there is any need for art …” „… the parties’ conclusion of the contract it could alternatively be placed in the context of the general …”

Article 67 Usages and practices in contracts between traders S. 366-371

„… precedence over the non-mandatory rules. Nevertheless, it seems strongly advisable to expressly state the …” „… hierarchical order. It might furthermore be advisable to add ‘express or tacit’ in letter a, following the …” „… consideration – while this would redouble information given in art 67 (rather prominently in the title), it …”

Introduction to arts 40–47 S. 246-247

„… disadvantage, the party is granted additional time (the withdrawal period) before it is bound completely by the …” „… party in order to allow it to come to a rational and considered decision regarding the conclusion of …” „… ‘right to alter a legal relationship’. With its three-tier structure it places the decision concerning …”

Article 106 Overview of buyer’s remedies S. 527-529

„… informative function: it lists the remedies of the parties and spells out the most fundamental principles of …” „… from the CISG,2 DCFR3 and other European and international sets of the rules.4 It belongs to the …” „… family of the CISG, PECL, DCFR, UNIDROIT PICC and the Consumer Rights Directive, it differs from these …”

Article 57 Choice of remedy S. 337-340

„… vitiating factor has lost its effect It is doubtful whether art 57 applies to agreements concluded after the …” „… can be made that a party should then be entitled to make use of its right and dispose of it as it …” „… mistake. The CISG does not address the issue of vitiated consent. However, it is the prevailing viewpoint …”

Article 78 Contract terms in favour of third parties S. 408-413

„… to either of the contracting parties, if that is done before it has been expressly or impliedly …” „… detailed than the UNIDROIT PICC and PECL norms (arts 5.2.1–5.2.6 UNIDROIT PICC and art 6:110 PECL), it …” „… there was a unilateral promise in its favour. Consequently, it is also exposed to all defences the …”

Article 99 Conformity with the contract S. 500-508

„… determination of the moment of the passing of risk. It may be questioned whether this technique of the …” „… having negative consequences on the functioning of the system. It suffices to have rules on the place of …” „… delivery and then on the passing of risk. It is quite significant that the provisions of the Chapter 14 …”

Article 87 Non-performance and fundamental non-performance S. 433-445

„… . Non-performance of an obligation by one party is fundamental if: (a) it substantially deprives the other party of …” „… ; or (b) it is of such a nature as to make it clear that the non-performing party’s future performance …” „… , incomplete as it lacks a definition of the insignificant lack of conformity (cf art 114[2]). In a B2C sales …”

Article 40 Right to withdraw S. 247-260

„… presumed disadvantage, the party is granted additional time (the withdrawal period) before it is bound …” „… benefitting party in order to allow it to come to a rational and considered decision regarding the conclusion …” „… model of a ‘right to alter a legal relationship’. With its three-tier structure it places the decision …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265469

Alberto De Franceschi, Reiner Schulze - Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

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Alberto De Franceschi (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

2023

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Hans Christoph Grigoleit Digital Content Regulation as Building Block of the Private Law Harmonization S. 729-738

„… of Goods Directive (SGD)2 – the EU regulates the law of contracts, as far as it relates to digital …” „… – has not been put into legal force. It is sometimes called a toolbox and it may serve as a source of …” „… , intended to act as a second, uniform opt-in regime alongside national sales laws – but it also never …”

Brigitta Zöchling-Jud Austria S. 33-68

„… )6 carried out the transposition of the DCD and the SGD in Austria. It contains selective changes to …” „… contrast to the CSGD, the legislator did not consider it desirable to incorporate the provisions into the …” „… and Zöchling-Jud, ‘Das Vertragsrecht des ABGB auf dem Prüfstand: Überlegungen im digitalen Zeitalter …”

Reiner Schulze Germany S. 273-300

„… thus follows the path it took with the "Modernisation of the Law of Obligations" in 2002: it integrates …” „… accordingly: For the most part, it has also inserted the provisions transposing this Directive into the …” „… non-contractual delivery of digital products. It serves to implement Art. 20 DCD and is accordingly limited to …”

Alberto De Franceschi,, Reiner Schulze Harmonizing Digital Contract Law – an Introduction S. 1-30

„… FrameworkIt should not be underestimated that the “Twin Directives” make an innovative contribution to the …” „… , it must be taken into account that their potential scope of application is not necessarily limited to …” „… nature in the sense that it defines the scope of the directive. But it is based on the assessment that …”

Fryderyk Zoll, Katarzyna Południak-Gierz, Wojciech Bańczyk Poland S. 513-526

„… Poland1A. Introduction – does it make sense to write this article …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26A. Introduction – does it make sense to write this article?The initial plan was to write an …” „… further development of the sales law,5 inspired by the European law. As a result, it was expected that at …”

Damjan Možina, Jernej Renko Slovenia S. 605-624

„… place in OC. It is based on a slightly different remedial structure and a different approach to time …” „… implementation offer, above all, an opportunity to reflect on the possibilities of further development. It will …” „… third party right,11 raising the question of which rules are applicable: CPA-1 or OC. Although it seems …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Spain S. 625-648

„… consumer, it is also necessary to cover those of the trader or business. However, the Spanish legislator is …” „… ter 1 and 5 TR-LGDCU) does not apply when it is the trader who terminates it.6II. Some new …” „… harmonised (Recital 47 SGD). It is therefore striking that the directives still allow a supplementary general …”

Friedrich Graf von Westphalen Some major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services Some major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 S. 681-704

„… the (applicable) rules of national law, be it in relation to b2b-transactions, be it based on consumer …” „… to the customer, as it will lead to invalidate the respective contract term pursuant to the rules of …” „… legal rule, applicable if there were no such clause, then there is a legal assumption that it will be …”

Bert Keirsbilck, Evelyne Terryn Belgium S. 69-88

„… services delivered from 1 June 2022.4 It is well-known that both the SGD (replacing the Consumer Sales …” „… ’ (2020) ERPL (251) 254, also claiming that it would have been better to these goods with digital elements …” „… the trader to produce the output of the service or to deliver or transmit it to the consumer; 2 …”

Ádám Fuglinszky Hungary S. 319-356

„… paid to the buyer’s self-help (Selbstvornahme). It means that if the obligor did not undertake to …” „… – also repair the defect himself or have it repaired by somebody else at the obligor’s (seller’s) expense …” „… component is somewhat more apparent if the consumer does not download the digital content, but uses it (and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748941415

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