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Florian Steger - Diversität im Gesundheitswesen

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Florian Steger (ed.)

Diversität im Gesundheitswesen

Series: Angewandte Ethik

Volume 3 2020

Results in this title

Frank Kressing International diversity in health care S. 109-127

„… diversity in health careA critical review of the importance and handling ofglobal health issuesAbstract:In a …” „… healthMedical pluralism as an aspect of international diversity inhealth careSince large portions of the world …” „… CareThe fact of medical pluralism was already acknowledged by theWorldHealth Organization a few decades …”

Christian Lenk, Susan Hall Access to health care in emerging and industrialised nations S. 128-161

„… demand adequate health care,independent from a person’s social, ethnic and political characteristics …” „… access to health care?Mobility in developing and emerging nations has greatly in-creased, and the arrival …” „… understood in the context of therespective country’s health care system and standard of health care,which …”

Richard Peter Medizinische Versorgung S. 69-87

„… asking whether health care inGermany is influenced by social factors. Basic results of research show …” „… thatthe benefit from health care is different for different social classes. This isespecially the case …” „… with regard to access and utilization of health care andless pronounced concerning treatment. Given …”

Marcin Orzechowski, Florian Steger Social diversity under threat? S. 275-296

„… prenataltesting in Poland. In: Health Care for Women International 38 (2017), pp. 689–704.34 Midro: Konflikt …” „… approach to health care that is still visible in Poland. Itenters the state-promoted practice of …” „… for obstetric care,concealed from pregnant women the fact that their fetus has geneticabnormalities or …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… –Potential der KünsteFrank KressingInternational diversity in health care.A critical review of the importance …” „… Susan HallAccess to health care in emerging and industrialised nations.A comparison between South Africa …” „… and handling ofglobal health issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Christian Lenk and …”

Manuel Willer Interprofessionelle Diversität und Indikation S. 46-66

„… Ethics for Nurses: »In providing care,the nurse promotes an environment in which the human rights …” „… , insofar asdifferent judgements and positions from different health professionals areof importance within a …” „… responsibility for treatment choice: the proper role of medicaldoctors? In: Health Expectations 14 (2011), doi …”

Martin Plöderl, Roman Winkler Sexuelle Orientierung im Gesundheitswesen S. 299-317

„… attraction disclosure to health care providers amongNew York City men who have sex with men: implications for …” „… , Ro-bert Schope: Does »don’t ask don’t tell« apply to health care? Lesbian, gay, and bi-sexual people’s …” „… disclosure to health care providers. In: Journal of the Gay and LesbianMedical Association 5 (2001), S …”

Marcin Orzechowski Designer babies S. 257-274

„… care-fully appraised. The goal of this chapter is to assess the societal bene-fits and challenges that are …” „… : TheTelegraph (7.5.2011).https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8499394 …” „… beneficence category would include genetic screening for geneticdisorders, health enhancement screening to …”

Sara Lena Schröder Diversität in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung S. 88-106

„… to ensure equal utilization of health-care based on objective needs for everyone, differences in …” „… Care in the Community 18 (2010), S. 572–587.14 Marco Terraneo: Inequities in health care utilization by …” „… SocioeconomicStatus Affects Patient Perceptions of Health Care: A Qualitative Study. In: Journal ofPrimary Care …”

Florian Steger Einleitung S. 11-26

„… care of patients and at enhancing health equity.«4Kultur und ethnische Zugehörigkeit sind in ihrem …” „… Frank Kressing mit seinem Auf-satz »International diversity in health care. A critical review of …” „… Gesundheitsversorgung gehen auch Chris-tian Lenk und Susan Hall in ihrem Aufsatz »Access to health care inemerging and …”

Giovanni Rubeis Liberal eugenics and selecting against disability S. 241-256

„… illiberality of perfectionistenhancement. In: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 12 (2009), S. 91–98 …” „… human enhancement. In: Medicine,Health Care and Philosophy 17 (2014), S. 3–12.38 Giovanni Rubeis: Das …” „… health condi-tions, usually referred to as »feeble-mindedness«, were seen as symp-toms of social …”

Livia Prüll Diversität in medizinischen Einrichtungen S. 318-338

„… . https://www.dgti.org/ (abgerufen am 2.5.2018).24 Annette Güldenring: A critical view of transgender health care in …” „… Teaching Transgender Healthcare. In: Transgender He-alth, Vol. 3:1, DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2017.0047, 2018, S …” „… 14.5.2018).rigiden Behandlungsschemata der im Jahre 1997 entwickelten »Stan-dards of Care« für transidente …”

Katharina Fürholzer Ethik und Ästhetik der Repräsentation S. 205-220

„… awareness for the bio-medical, psychological and social dimensions of health, illness and relatedforms of …” „… what extent thehealth care system bears a specific responsibility in this regard. To answerthese …” „… Diseasesand Related Health Problems (ICD)–11–Dokumentation des Revisionsprozesses. In:Zeitschrift für …”

Michael Coors Moralische Diversität S. 29-45

„… Health Care and Philosophy 16 (2013),S. 639–645.27 Charles Taylor: The diversity of goods. In: Amartya …” „… Michael CoorsBMC Palliative Care (2017), 16:80 (Online-Publikation, DOI: 10.1186/s12904–017–0252–6).Diese …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783495820933

Ines Verspohl - Health Care Reforms in Europe

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Ines Verspohl

Health Care Reforms in Europe

Series: Schriften zur europäischen Arbeits- und Sozialpolitik

Volume 10 2012

Results in this title

Health and Health care S. 20-21

„… these countries was therefore always the result of extraordinary situations external to the health care …” „… powerful profession do not (yet) exist. 1.2 Health and Health care There is a crucial difference between …” „… health policy and health care policy. The latter is concerned with the funding and the provision of …”

Ideas in health care S. 38-45

„… 38 Local health centres as well as private praxis provide ambulatory care – the relation varies …” „… Institutionalism The institutional rules of health care, especially in social health insurance countries, created …” „… organizations, institutionalised interests and veto-players. Furthermore, health care systems favour the …”

Structural factors in health care S. 25-28

„… health care,because health care is far more complex than pension and unemployment policies. The relation …” „… research fruitful for the study of health care reforms. Welfare state scholars have historically neglected …” „… the health care sector to derive working hypotheses for the study of health care reforms. A special …”

Typology of health care systems S. 35-38

„… 35 2.2.3 Typology of health care systems Esping-Andersen distinguished three different worlds of …” „… health care into account. Starting from the question “how to pay the doctor?” health economists also …” „… developed classifications (Glaser, 1970). In general, three ideal types of health care systems can be …”

Open Method of Coordination in health and long-term care S. 63-68

„… (Thelen & Steinmo, 1998, p. 172). Although Art. 168 excludes any harmonisation of national health care …” „… health care. Nevertheless, new discourses still have to be communicated in the domestic arena to render …” „… support for reforms. The analysis focuses on the Open Method of Coordination in health and longterm care …”

Welfare state institutions S. 53-62

„… Directorate Generals (DG) – comparable to national ministries. Due to its complexity, health care is a subject …” „… pharmaceuticals, private health insurance, and health care professionals. DG SANCO is responsible for public …” „… European Union on health care. Schmidt am Busch applies a broad concept of social health. She distinguishes …”

Privatisation S. 188-196

„… sparsely populated North. 6.7.1.3 Shared responsibility Provision of health care services is the core …” „… municipality tasks made up 8% of total health care expenditures. The ÄDEL-reform also induced a more home-based …” „… Development of Health Care. Access to and quality of primary care should be improved to prevent readmissions …”

Devolution S. 182-188

„… streams of funding, as they are relabelled with every reform. 6.7 Provision Health care is not only …” „… service rests on health care centres instead of private individual praxis. In contrast to the Netherlands …” „… , the delineation between health care and care for the elderly is quite simple in the Swedish system, as …”

Reform discourse S. 221-227

„… (including income from capital). Comparative studies of health care reforms quite often focus only on the …” „… approach, the complex health care system should survive all reform efforts. The institutional setting …” „… the federal level on the one hand and the social partners – in the case of health care the …”

Reform history S. 101-110

„… the purple coalition in 1998. Also in health care, the step-by-step approach was followed, leading to …” „… with the way their health care system was run (European Commission, 1998). In 2002, 53,8% of the …” „… Reform history In the spirit of the ’83 recession, a committee to propose a new health care system was …”

Dental care S. 196-198

„… public health care with carefully integrated sprinkles of private provision. The opposite holds true for …” „… 196 6.7.3 Public Health Health prevention and promotion plays a central role in Swedish health care …” „… care centres and is necessary to explain the good health status. Swedes do not only get into contact …”

Institutional legacy for health S. 218-221

„… also spilled over to health care. 7.2.3 Institutional legacy for health 1883 is the famous date that …” „… . These principles, laid down over 100 years ago, still govern German health care policy. Coverage rates …” „… crisis hit Germany. The funds called for a control of overall health care expenditures. The government …”

Commissions favourite S. 68-71

„… economic crisis on health care systems and overall health status, cannot be evaluated as data are only …” „… as a role model for health care reforms, from a technical point of view. The following part looks at …” „… spotlights; in health care it emphasises health inequalities. Health care has up to now been included in …”

Conclusion EU impact S. 72-74

„… are under pressure. Furthermore, health care funding by budget deficits is prohibited. The treaty and …” „… influence national health care policy, but up to now the aggregated influence is still limited. The …” „… the concept of territorial integrity of health care systems is questioned, but practically they are …”

Overall conclusion S. 308-310

„… idea has to be carefully adapted to national institutions and ideas. Demand for health care increases …” „… , status-maintenance was never a central issue in health care. No clear trend towards retrenchment and …” „… developments in health care. The concept of incremental change helps to differentiate between reforms towards a …”

Reform history S. 229-230

„… ). 7.4 Change Health care reforms in Germany proceeded incrementally. The two major parties had diverging …” „… theoretical assessment. 7.4.1 Reform history Cost containment laws marked health care reforms in the 80s. The …” „… administration of health care. The superiority of the western system was hardly questioned in public debate. The …”

Summery funding S. 127-130

„… agents funded health care: the universal AWBZ, the old social insurance ZfW, the old private health …” „… of their expenditures for health care. The central finding is that health care costs have not been …” „… 51% to 42% of total health care expenditures. The share of employers increased slightly from 21% to …”

Conclusion OMC S. 71-72

„… are the main explanatory variables. The impact on the design of the health care systems is therefore …” „… Protection, and Equal Opportunities26. None of the Commission staff working on health and long-term care has …” „… European discourse on health care reforms. Furthermore, Sweden, which could engage in promoting itself as a …”

Data sources S. 21-22

„… 21 Graphic 1: life-expectancy and wealth (2005) health care expenditure in US$ PPP Source …” „… : (European Commission, 2008a) 1.3 Data sources Attempts to identify the most efficient health care system …” „… resulted in databases that can also be used to study reforms of health care systems. International …”

Public Health S. 196

„… public health care with carefully integrated sprinkles of private provision. The opposite holds true for …” „… 196 6.7.3 Public Health Health prevention and promotion plays a central role in Swedish health care …” „… care centres and is necessary to explain the good health status. Swedes do not only get into contact …”

Volume and Expenditures S. 291-293

„… equal access to care. Hence, governments set up public health care systems and carefully hedge …” „… ?? ? ? ? ? ? 8.3 Assessment The market idea promised to render the health care system more efficient. Volume of …” „… areas. 8.3.1 Volume and Expenditures Health care is not only a welfare state sector, but also an …”

Conclusion Structuralism S. 29-30

„… (Rothstein & Steinmo, 2002). In health care the link between party preferences and reforms is even harder to …” „… construct. The main redistribution within health care does not take place along classlines, but between …” „… indeed influence health care reforms, as health care is a special concern of older people. Castles could …”

Functionalist retrenchment S. 140-143

„… to impede health care reforms. These analyses overlook the incremental change, especially in the …” „… responsibility for the health care system lies with the government. The institutional framework in which the new …” „… private insurance companies act is very tight. On the health care side, the state defines the care basket …”

Conclusion Discourse S. 228-229

„… The German health care system is legitimized by its long history. Reform needs are thus framed as …” „… , they converged and finally resulted in the central health care fund. Market governance and competition …” „… clear reform idea (Altenstetter & Busse, 2005). 7.4 Change Health care reforms in Germany proceeded …”

Solidarity S. 293-294

„… most efficient107. 8.3.2 Solidarity Solidarity is the central value of European health care systems …” „… . Free markets threaten equal access to care. Hence, governments set up public health care systems and …” „… meant to prevent social imbalances. Health care for children is free. In 1997, the ceiling rose from 200 …”

Welfare State S. 155-156

„… inherent characteristic of the Swedish health care model. The history of the Swedish health care system is …” „… not have a tradition of church or charity in health care. By the seventeenth century, towns employed …” „… administrative units were founded in 1862, at the same time that health became a public concern. Health care was …”

Three forms of new institutionalism S. 30-34

„… pension and unemployment, it has to be carefully tested for health care. 2.2 Institutionalism "Yet …” „… . hypothesise that ultimately the western health care states will all arrive at a mixed-model. It is also …” „… cutbacks. In health care, retrenchment already takes place when the public system is not updated to new …”

Hospitals S. 261-266

„… 261 Bavaria and the health care expert of the SPD, Lauterbach, even questioned the whole system …” „… prevention. Thus the state obliges the bodies of self-administration to include prevention. Every health care …” „… Structural Health Care Reform Act. From 1996 onward, complex PMCs in combination with 160 treatment complexes …”

Conclusion Institutional impact S. 62-63

„… 62 The applicability of competition law to health care providers and insurances has not been …” „… the seemingly small health care sector received much attention in the literature. Nevertheless, for …” „… political science it has to be put into perspective. The right to receive health care abroad under the …”

Governance of Providers S. 241-242

„… of self-governance as the democratic core of the health care system. Since 2009, the government also …” „… unified in 1992. In the long run, health care could follow the example of the other branches of social …” „… of the health care fund was the decisive step. …”

Private Insurances S. 238-241

„… federal ministry of health. By 1993, the Structural Health Care Reform Act introduced budget ceilings. The …” „… substitutive health care coverage85. Over 50% are mutual insurance companies, where the members are the owners …” „… for health care policies. These old-age savings are not portable, and therefore prevent patients from …”

Inequality S. 139-140

„… will provide which technology. 5.8.2 Inequality Inequalities in health care provision are low. Adjusted …” „… between social democrats and liberals seemed to impede health care reforms. These analyses overlook the …” „… universal access and continue to do so under “regulated competition”. 5.8.1 Benefit package and health …”

Political Institutions S. 152-155

„… , the political institutions are rather simple. The institutions governing health care overlap to a …” „… care, culture and tourism. In budgetary terms, health care is the central task of the county councils …” „… this book, as the län has no role in health care. The geographical borders coincide in most cases. 50 …”

Scope S. 17-20

„… 17 1. Introduction Health care is the oldest sector of our modern welfare state. In 1883, the …” „… , health care is the most important sector of the welfare state in terms of recipients and the second most …” „… percent of their gross domestic product (GDP) on health care and most of them have public systems …”

Institutional legacy S. 156-160

„… , perhaps this reform-ability is even an inherent characteristic of the Swedish health care model. The …” „… history of the Swedish health care system is written along two fragile balances: first, the balance of …” „… contrast to continental Europe, Sweden does not have a tradition of church or charity in health care. By …”

Impact of the EU S. 305-307

„… their rights, and thus receive more treatment. 9.4 Drift - Change without reform Health care systems …” „… socio-economic circumstances. Hence, if the latter change, the outcome of stable health care policy drifts away …” „… . As health care is a fundamental good, society and the market will adapt to the changed outcome if …”

Biobliography S. 311-328

„… 311 Bibliography Advisory Council for the Concerted Action in Health Care (1996). The Health Care …” „… Entwicklung im Gesundheitswesen. Advisory Council for the Concerted Action in Health Care (2003). Health Care …” „… Finance, User Orientation and Quality: Volume I: Health Care Finance and User Orientation. Bonn. Albrecht …”

Devolution S. 173-180

„… the 80s, the Swedish universal welfare state had reached its climax and so had health care …” „… expenditures. With 9.4% of the GDP, Sweden had the highest health care expenditures in Europe. In real prices …” „… , health care expenditure even remained stable from the mid 80s to the mid 90s (see Graphic 7). Expansion …”

Institutional legacy S. 97-100

„… times of demographic change. This problem is recognised in the Dutch debates on health care reform (van …” „… includes also long-term care that has thereby been decoupled from health care. The idea is that …” „… topic of this study. However, it has to be taken into account that funding for health and long-term care …”

Conclusion funding S. 255-257

„… health care expenditures has increased quickly since 1994 to 8%. Rehabilitation is traditionally financed …” „… early retirement and thus high costs for the pension insurance. Their share of total health care …” „… approximately 1.6% of total health care expenditure. 7.6.8 Conclusion funding All these complex sources and …”

National framework S. 166-168

„… health care providers also came to an end. As since then, all funds are channelled through the county …” „… insurance, also became irrelevant in the governance of health care. While the national framework had …” „… established a pure public health care system by 1985, the competence had been transferred to the county …”

Welfare state theory S. 307-308

„… 307 ings. However, the introduction of the German central health care fund withdrew the competition …” „… might apply a welfare state approach to health care instead of the current market approach. The relation …” „… into health care reforms beyond functionalist convergence. The classical writings neglected health care …”

Funding S. 79-81

„… market. As outlined before, a free market in health care violates the principle of solidarity. It is not …” „… governance of health care. Competition and demand steering are most used. The patient has free choice of …” „… National Health Services, the political institutions might also directly govern health care, for example by …”

Benefit package S. 271-273

„… health care was dominated by guilds. Ambulatory physicians and pharmacies were protected from competition …” „… that induced cost containment. Generics are the only part of health care for which competition has been …” „… successfully introduced and reduced expenditures. To sum up: Health care provision was historically already …”

Access S. 84-86

„… , reflecting power struggles in the negotiations. When the governance of the health care system is in the hands …” „… of doctors, this tends to result in lower remuneration for other health care personnel. In …” „… regionalised health care systems, wealthier regions or cities are able to pay more, attracting more and better …”

Social Insurances S. 243-249

„… governance of health care. The market elements strengthened the state. 7.6 Funding Graphic 12: Expenditure …” „… , Germany has the highest health care expenditures in the European Union. As can be seen from Graphic 12 …” „… , prior to reunification, cost containment measures were for the first time successful. Health care costs …”

Functionalist retrenchment S. 274-276

„… low level. Health care is still universal and free. Health inequalities are not the result of access …” „… the German health care system. Cost-saving models like the gatekeeper model could not be implemented …” „… neo-liberal market idea could overthrow the vested interests in the path-dependent health care system. Markets …”

Social Insurances S. 230-238

„… government. In 2003, however, they passed the Health Care Modernisation Act together with the CDU in the …” „… , 26. März 2007). The risk equalization scheme has been replaced by the central health care fund …” „… would include the private insurances into the health care fund, whereas the CDU would raise the flat …”

Governance S. 77-79

„… European Union has not identified and promoted any best practice country. The dominant idea for health care …” „… for such a market health care model. To measure deltaconvergence, the market model is conceptualized …” „… similarity between the countries. 4.2 Measuring change in health care Historical process tracing is a method …”

Inequality S. 205-206

„… for health services. Since 1999, dental care for adults is exempted from the general care basket. In …” „… suffering from long-term illnesses, the user-charges for health care, pharmaceuticals, dental care and …” „… . Despite stable limits for co-payments, private health care expenditures rose. This is on the one hand the …”

Ambulatory care S. 257-261

„… 257 7.7 Provision and Remuneration The German health care system is marked by the dominant position …” „… favoured a health care reform integrating social care and cure. Nonetheless, they did not implement it when …” „… 5,000 other health care personnel sought better salaries in the West, leading to undersupply in some …”

Discourse S. 160-163

„… , 2004, p. 207). Translated to the health care system, tax funding ensures solidarity, equal access …” „… care ensures democratic participation in the governance of health care. In the early 90s, the …” „… worldwide hegemonic idea of markets as most efficient allocators of health care resources spread also to …”

Devolution S. 165-166

„… the bigger cities. To prove their dedication to health care reform, the Conservative government passed …” „… soaring health care expenditures. In June 1995, the SAP withdrew the reform before they were fully …” „… the counties, even the social democratic ones. The unions in the health care sector (Vårdforbundet and …”

Institutional path-dependency S. 276-277

„… increasing expectations posed a challenge to the German health care system as well. However, until the end of …” „… . The reunification constituted the real challenge for the German health care system. The expensive …” „… health care system of West Germany was expanded to the new Eastern states. The Eastern economy had …”

Reform history S. 163-165

„… unions face therefore one single employer. Health care personnel constitute the main share of county …” „… of the health care workforce. Nowadays, the trade unions support privatisation in health care (Olsen …” „… satisfied with their health care system (European Commission, 1998). By 2002, the tide had changed and 48.7 …”

Hampered implementation S. 303-305

„… political and the welfare state institutions are the same for health care in Sweden. Both posed nearly no …” „… county councils govern health care. Their only veto-point is the national government, but due to the …” „… , instability marks the Swedish health care reforms, like the stop-and-start laws and the family doctor reform …”

Path-dependent Institutions S. 207-209

„… increasing levels of education. Despite the general welfare state retrenchment, health care expenditures …” „… county councils were the central reform agents. They had only received the competence for health care in …” „… the institutional design of the health care system: The ultimate responsibility lies with politicians …”

Conclusion Access S. 273-274

„… in Health Care (IQWiG) was founded for Health Technology Assessment. However, it did not become an …” „… Method of Coordination. The impact of the health care system on health inequalities is rather small in …” „… groups in Germany have conducted several studies on the use of health care services. The picture is …”

Power-resource approach S. 28-29

„… 28 by more then four years5. Older people are more fragile and hence have higher health care needs …” „… years, and so the detailed effects are disputed. On the one side, health care needs rise constantly …” „… ). Werblow et al. found that aging does not have a significant effect on total health care expenditure, as …”

Conclusion Funding S. 181-182

„… population, concerns about dualisation and injustice are growing. A two-tier health care system will …” „… health insurances do not offer better or more services, only faster access to care. Private health …” „… Moderate, which favours privatisation of provision. The prioritisation of health care services in …”

Convergence S. 75-77

„… 75 4. Methodology To assess change in health care, we need a clear definition of the concept of …” „… change and the dependent variable: the health care system. The two proceeding chapters elaborated on the …” „… health care system. Hence, I study it in four dimensions: governance, funding, provision and access. The …”

Co-payments S. 204-205

„… public system (Glenngård et al., 2005). All health care personnel are obligated to participate in quality …” „… a central instrument to steer demand for health care. In 1991, counties received the right to …” „… are exempted from co-payments for health services. Since 1999, dental care for adults is exempted from …”

Conclusion Provision S. 269-271

„… effects on health care expenditures, but negative effects on the working conditions of the affected …” „… guarantee all services for the whole population. Apart from hospital care, the provision of health care was …” „… containment. Generics are the only part of health care for which competition has been successfully introduced …”

Health Status S. 211-213

„… 211 7. Germany The German health care system is the oldest one in Europe. Its long history dates …” „… competition could overthrow the path-dependency and thus the vested interests in the German health care system …” „… , political and welfare institutions and ideas. After a short historical overview of health care reforms and …”

Privatisation of funding S. 180-181

„… in the 2000s also reflects higher wealth levels. Health care is a luxury good and the higher the …” „… disposable income, the higher are private expenditures for health care. Graphic 8: Health care expenditure …” „… , costsharing, private insurances, charity and occupational health care During the 80s, the share of public …”

Remuneration S. 82-84

„… care is in some countries also provided in health care centres. Several general practitioners and …” „… care. Allied health professions like occupational and speech therapists or podiatrists practice either …” „… in health care centres and hospitals or in their own offices. Shifting treatments from physicians to …”

Europeanization / Globalisation S. 47-52

„… health care reforms? Different ways and mechanisms for EU-impact have been identified in the literature …” „… judgements on health care systems has been a domain of legal scientists. Regulation is the core mode of …” „… negotiate binding directives. This instrument has, however, never been used in the area of health care. The …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Convergence towards a Market Model?Health Care Reforms in EuropeNomosInes VerspohlBUT_Verspohl_7071-0.indd 3 …” „… Health Care System Change" in Bremen, Ralf Götze für die Debatten zu den Niederlanden, Roman Böckmann zu …” „… . Introduction 17 1.1 Scope 18 1.2 Health and Health care 20 1.3 Data sources 21 1.4 Outline 22 2 …”

Waiting lists S. 201-204

„… result in competition between public providers, however, up to now, no hospital or health care centre was …” „… Authorities and Regions, 2008b; Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting, 2009). 6.8 Access and equality Health care …” „… is a citizenship right in Sweden. General access to health care goods and services is therefore …”

Second compartment S. 120-126

„… health care system. Since 1997, patients have paid 20% of the costs for specialist care, pharmaceuticals …” „… , they accounted for just 6% of total health care expenditures (see graphic 4). Wage-related …” „… health care insurance. Premiums are differentiated according to service package, age, number of children …”

Competition S. 110-113

„… the various health care boards and agencies by crown representatives. The state became the central …” „… actor in the governance of health care. Strict governmental planning helped to maintain expenditures …” „… . show this to be the inherent effect of market reform, precisely because health care is such an …”

Funding S. 288-290

„… Health care funding is privatized for two reasons: first, to induce cost sensitive behaviour on behalf of …” „… contributions. All countries sought to steer the use of health care services by economic incentives. These …” „… aim was to freeze non-wage labour costs. The employers' share of overall health care expenditures was …”

AWBZ S. 117-120

„… compensations are not important in the Dutch health care system. 5.5.5 Conclusion governance Governance of …” „… health care was fundamentally transformed over the last 20 years. Corporatist decision-making governed …” „… agencies. Since 2006, two central agencies govern health care: the NZa supervises the market, and the CVS …”

Out-of-pocket payments S. 249-251

„… first decided to eliminate the tax subsidy from 2008 on, but then introduced the health care fund. The …” „… health care fund is not only based on parity funding, but introduced a third tax pillar. In 2009, the tax …” „… subsidy to the health care fund (2.5 billion) accounted for less than 1% of total health care expenditures …”

Functionalist retrenchment S. 206-207

„… , 2010). 6.8.5 Conclusion access Access to health care goods and services has been and is universal in …” „… Sweden. The public health care service is regarded as a core of the welfare state and is defended. The …” „… the increasing satisfaction of the upper classes, with the health care system again to prevent them …”

Conclusion Provision S. 200-201

„… 200 from 8.4% to 15.4% of total health care expenditures during the 90s, OECD figures are only …” „… . Pharmaceuticals are the part of the health care system with the highest degree of private market elements in most …” „… , privatisation takes place within the public health care system, not parallel to it. This development is caused …”

Benefit package and health technology assessment S. 137-139

„… the Netherlands and all regions enjoy access to health care nearby. This is also the result of the …” „… . Health care insurance is an individual right and obligation. The reform therefore adapts to the changing …” „… , dental care was excluded from the general package. However, these criteria and the corresponding health …”

Bottom up initiatives S. 168-169

„… as service provider of health care, the later as employer in negotiations with the trade unions. The …” „… answer was a bottom-up initiative on quality assurance. Quality and efficiency of health care provision …” „… ). SALRA (before 2007 the Federation of County Councils) also conducts the Health care Barometer. To …”

Market and competition S. 169-172

„… 169 2008b). SALRA (before 2007 the Federation of County Councils) also conducts the Health care …” „… competition The traditional public health service is based on state planning. Health care centres and …” „… , markets in health care can be established at three sides of the funding triangle: first, between doctors …”

Market Idea S. 209-210

„… efficient health care system, but also for legitimacy. Therefore, at the beginning of the 90s “something had …” „… Social democrats favour internal markets in health care to give the individual health care centre or …” „… conflicting views no coherent discourse could emerge during the 90s. Health care policy at the national level …”

Pharmaceuticals S. 198-200

„… to a free market to the national level can be diagnosed. As observed before, health care markets call …” „… structural: cost for medicines rose faster than the total health care costs, and on the other hand …” „… doctor (Wessling, p. 7). The co-payments were separated from the cost-ceilings for health care copayments …”

Conclusion Governance S. 172-173

„… in the North, a stable health care provision for the sparsely populated regions seemed to be best …” „… . 6.5.5 Conclusion Governance The governance of health care is still dominated by public actors. In some …” „… governance of health care. The Medical Association had already been marginalised as a governance actor during …”

The role of the state S. 294-296

„… fundamental values of health care systems, like equality and solidarity. The best example of re-regulation is …” „… risk-equalization scheme strengthened the state, resulting in a central health care fund. The contribution rate and …” „… the rules of the riskequalization are now set by the parliament. The state also steers health care …”

Provision S. 81-82

„… 81 Private expenditures for health care will therefore always exist in affluent modern societies …” „… . 4.2.3 Provision "How to pay the doctor?" was the central question of the first studies on health care …” „… incentives, internal problems and ways to introduce market elements. Health care can be provided stationary …”

Conclusion Privatization S. 290-291

„… 290 42% of total health care expenditures. The employers' share was maintained, and thus the burden …” „… system. The Swedish health care system was always universal. The Netherlands and Germany included the …” „… last of the uninsured in 2006 and 2007 respectively. Hence, privatization of the health care risk for …”

Other sources of funding S. 254-255

„… , 1.95%, and childless members, 2.2% (figures for 2010). The share of total health care expenditures has …” „… costs for the pension insurance. Their share of total health care expenditures decreased from around 2 …” „… health care expenditure. 7.6.8 Conclusion funding All these complex sources and agents of health care …”

Political institutions S. 52-53

„… regulatory landscape for health care at the EU level is still in the making; thus, we cannot apply …” „… services and medical care. The responsibilities of the Member States shall include the management of health …” „… always another side of the coin in health care, with its janus face of welfare state and economy. Article …”

Mediated problems S. 299-302

„… ? None of the three theoretical approaches can explain the observed health care reforms. However, in …” „… , unintended consequences of cost-saving can drift the health care service into a rudimental welfare state. The …” „… new demands for health care: choice of providers and treatment. Again, national institutions and ideas …”

Conclusion Governance S. 242-243

„… self-administration in the Welfare State. However, self-governance of the health care system was already undermined …” „… of the health care system. Since 2009, the government also sets the contribution rate. While …” „… agency. The management of pension benefits has been unified in 1992. In the long run, health care could …”

Market idea S. 143-145

„… 143 the Netherlands. Health care markets have been identified as most inefficient solution, based …” „… policy-makers simply not aware of the cost-driving effects of competition in health care or were other reasons …” „… paternalism. The health care system was framed as financially unsustainable, although the expenditures were …”

Drift - Change without reform S. 305

„… their rights, and thus receive more treatment. 9.4 Drift - Change without reform Health care systems …” „… socio-economic circumstances. Hence, if the latter change, the outcome of stable health care policy drifts away …” „… . As health care is a fundamental good, society and the market will adapt to the changed outcome if …”

Political Institutions S. 213-216

„… extraordinary low in Germany71, pointing to high care needs in old age. Data for health inequalities according …” „… provision of health care services. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Brandenburg have a population density below …” „… included an array of checks and balances to prevent another dictatorship. The health care system is the …”

List of Figures S. 13-14

„… Graphic 8: Health care expenditure by source ........................................................ 180 …” „… ................................................................................. 186 Graphic 10: Increase of private health care personnel …” „… ................................................................... 245 Graphic 14: Development private health care expenditures ................................... 250 …”

Welfare state S. 96-97

„… insurance obligation. They have a particular system of family saving accounts to cover health care costs …” „… recognised in the Dutch debates on health care reform (van der Veen, Romke, 2008). In 2004, the principle of …” „… from health care. The idea is that municipalities can link all available support systems for elderly …”

Conclusion access S. 206

„… , 2010). 6.8.5 Conclusion access Access to health care goods and services has been and is universal in …” „… Sweden. The public health care service is regarded as a core of the welfare state and is defended. The …” „… the increasing satisfaction of the upper classes, with the health care system again to prevent them …”

Welfare state institutions S. 216-218

„… state reforms began in the 80s. Health care was the last sector to be reformed, and the reform proposals …” „… rights, these jobs offer full health care coverage. The pseudo self-employed were the only exception …” „… these people. The strength of the male-bread winner model is reflected in health care, as well. Germany …”

Stationary care S. 133-135

„… is overdrawn. Since 2006, insurances can set up their own ambulatory health care centers and employ …” „… now a market for ambulatory health care has not been established, as most prices are set by a …” „… family doctors. 5.7.2 Stationary care Hospital care is responsible for the majority of all health care …”

Discourse S. 100-101

„… threshold and civil servants were obliged to have health care insurance. The rest of the population could be …” „… hearing aids. Table 5: Dutch health care insurances prior to 2006 Private complementary insurances (90 …” „… services were privatised, including health care. The early 80s were a time of economic hardship …”

Health Status S. 149-152

„… indicators chosen for the Open Method of Coordination in Health and Long-term care, Sweden performs best43 …” „… state financed out of high taxation. Health care forms part of the universal social rights enjoyed by …” „… implemented there. In comparative studies of health care systems, Great Britain normally provides the case for …”

Inequality S. 273

„… in Health Care (IQWiG) was founded for Health Technology Assessment. However, it did not become an …” „… Method of Coordination. The impact of the health care system on health inequalities is rather small in …” „… groups in Germany have conducted several studies on the use of health care services. The picture is …”

Incremental change S. 34-35

„… different institutions of health care. 35 2.2.3 Typology of health care systems Esping-Andersen …” „… . Unfortunately, he did not take health care into account. Starting from the question “how to pay the doctor …” „… care systems can be distinguished: free market, social insurance and national health service (Giaimo …”

Outline S. 22-24

„… financial means of the health care system, the staff, and technical resources. Outcome data, such as …” „… expenditures might underfund its health care system or be highly efficient or have a very healthy population …” „… most efficient health care system, they provide a valuable basis for this study. International …”

Competition for members S. 279-282

„… in the reforms and the current status. Free markets are still rare in European health care systems …” „… Competition Competition is a new instrument in health care. It has been introduced at all three sides of the …” „… different accounting methods, all the expenditures of hospitals and health care centres were reimbursed …”

Conclusion governance S. 117

„… compensations are not important in the Dutch health care system. 5.5.5 Conclusion governance Governance of …” „… health care was fundamentally transformed over the last 20 years. Corporatist decision-making governed …” „… agencies. Since 2006, two central agencies govern health care: the NZa supervises the market, and the CVS …”

Dutch abbreviations and terms S. 15-16

„… Care CTG College Tarieven Gezondheidszorg Board of Health Care Tariffs CVZ College voor …” „… Gesundheitsstrukturgesetz Structural Health Care Reform Act IGeL Individuelle Gesundheitsleistung Individual health benefit …” „… Gesundheitswesen Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care KV Kassenärtzliche Vereinigung Association of …”

Competition for patients S. 283-284

„… agency evaluates new treatments and pharmaceuticals and constantly retrains all health care personnel …” „… . The Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care was only established in 2004. It is not …” „… in health care centres, received a salary. Hospitals received budgets. In Germany and the Netherlands …”

Provision of non-medical benefits S. 266-267

„… funeral benefit and a birth allowance. The health care modernisation law has cut these benefits …” „… the individual patient for his or her dental health. In dental care, the connection between personal …” „… 266 responsibility for quality of care laid with the professional associations. Since then all …”

Pharmaceuticals S. 267-269

„… patient for his or her dental health. In dental care, the connection between personal efforts to maintain …” „… 267 7.7.4 Dental care Coverage of dental care experienced the most far-reaching privatisation. By …” „… 1989, coverage of dental care treatment was reduced to 50%. A financial incentive for prevention was …”

Final conclusion S. 210

„… age. The idea was translated by Alain Enthoven to health care and adapted to the Swedish system. The …” „… political institutions governing health care allowed for change in the health care system. Nonetheless …” „… government re-regulated the market. Apart from dental care, Sweden has a public health care service with a …”

Liability S. 116-117

„… forms of complaints, financial compensations are not important in the Dutch health care system. 5.5.5 …” „… Conclusion governance Governance of health care was fundamentally transformed over the last 20 years …” „… transformed into state agencies. Since 2006, two central agencies govern health care: the NZa supervises the …”

Adapted solutions S. 302-303

„… 302 Graphic 21: Total health care expenditures as share of gross domestic product Data Source: OECD …” „… economic and social changes to a particular national problem for health care. For Sweden, the main …” „… ). Hence, health care policy makers began to look around for solutions to their particular problems. They …”

Health status S. 89-93

„… conducted a radical path-break. Competition is now the guiding principle for health care services and health …” „… , followed by detailed analysis of the nature and degree of change in the four dimensions of health care …” „… possible causes for change in the health care system are scrutinized. The economic situation, including the …”

Ambulatory care S. 130-133

„… health care system, traced back to the medieval ages. Hospitals and other care and cure institutions are …” „… quality of care lies with the ministry of health. In reality, the medical associations of family doctors …” „… practitioners. The Dutch are very satisfied with the quality of their health care system. In 2007, the …”

Private health insurance S. 251-252

„… doubled and their share of total health care expenditures rose from 7.4% to 9.5%. 7.6.4 Civil servants …” „… in the public sector. The employer reimburses civil servants 50% of their health care costs; children …” „… premium at the free market. Policemen and firemen receive full reimbursement for their health care costs …”

Private Insurances S. 227-228

„… 227 tion. They introduced the central health care fund, combining a universal contribution rate …” „… (SPD) with small premiums (CDU). Both parties regarded the health care fund as a stepping-stone to …” „… health care system. The answer in the former East and West differ significantly: whereas 14% are very …”

Access and equality S. 290

„… 290 42% of total health care expenditures. The employers' share was maintained, and thus the burden …” „… system. The Swedish health care system was always universal. The Netherlands and Germany included the …” „… last of the uninsured in 2006 and 2007 respectively. Hence, privatization of the health care risk for …”

Civil servants S. 252-253

„… doubled and their share of total health care expenditures rose from 7.4% to 9.5%. 7.6.4 Civil servants …” „… in the public sector. The employer reimburses civil servants 50% of their health care costs; children …” „… premium at the free market. Policemen and firemen receive full reimbursement for their health care costs …”

Market idea S. 277-278

„… system. An uncorrected market can become a real danger to the social policy goals of health care, as the …” „… and remained stable, is the will to decouple wages and health care costs. In the 90s, real-wage …” „… leading export nation in the world. Competition was not the only issue in health care reform. Many reform …”

Prioritization S. 204

„… public system (Glenngård et al., 2005). All health care personnel are obligated to participate in quality …” „… a central instrument to steer demand for health care. In 1991, counties received the right to …” „… resources meet unlimited demand. 6.8.2 Prioritization Sweden was a pioneer in health technology assessment …”

Conclusion Institutionalism S. 38

„… 38 Local health centres as well as private praxis provide ambulatory care – the relation varies …” „… Institutionalism The institutional rules of health care, especially in social health insurance countries, created …” „… organizations, institutionalised interests and veto-players. Furthermore, health care systems favour the …”

Direct markets in dental care S. 284-285

„… 284 its providers. Afterwards, physicians, both in hospitals and in health care centres, received a …” „… of health care and hospitals received budgets. Patients were assigned by post-code to their doctor …” „… the health care system find the first target in dental care. Furthermore, the costs of dental care …”

Governance of Insurances S. 113-116

„… insurance companies operating on the Dutch health care market, they must hold a licence under the …” „… (Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, 2005). Participation in the ZVW and the health care fund are voluntary for …” „… Before the reform, the contributions to the three different health insurance forms were governed by three …”

Selective Contracts S. 282-283

„… against negative effects of the premium on solidarity, the Netherlands introduced a health care allowance …” „… all counties concluded contracts with their own health care centres as well as with private providers …” „… pharmaceuticals and constantly retrains all health care personnel. With increasing technological possibilities …”

Conclusion Theory S. 45-46

„… for reform. They offer politicians an agenda. The three health care discourses have been presented in …” „… contradicting assumptions for the case studies. Structuralism expects convergence between national health care …” „… intensiveness of health care, and the importance of health in a post-modern society are alike for all countries …”

Third compartment – supplementary insurances S. 126-127

„… subsidies for the private insurances are accumulated. Health care funding became simpler under the new …” „… oral surgery. 5.6.4 Summary funding Multiple agents funded health care: the universal AWBZ, the old …” „… shifts financial redistribution from the health insurances to the tax system. As a result, the solidarity …”

Europeanization S. 145-146

„… a presentation in the different dimensions of the health care system would have been too fragmented …” „… benefits to people aged over 65. The Council for public health and care (Raad voor de Volksgezondheid en …” „… a problem in the Netherlands (Thomson & Mossialos, 2007). Thus, the Dutch health care reforms did …”

Liability S. 242

„… self-administration in the Welfare State. However, self-governance of the health care system was already undermined …” „… of the health care system. Since 2009, the government also sets the contribution rate. While …” „… agency. The management of pension benefits has been unified in 1992. In the long run, health care could …”

Provision S. 287-288

„… central reform idea in all three countries’ health care model. However, the institutional design did not …” „… Health care funding is privatized for two reasons: first, to induce cost sensitive behaviour on behalf of …” „… contributions. All countries sought to steer the use of health care services by economic incentives. These …”

Conclusion Ideas S. 45

„… for reform. They offer politicians an agenda. The three health care discourses have been presented in …” „… contradicting assumptions for the case studies. Structuralism expects convergence between national health care …” „… intensiveness of health care, and the importance of health in a post-modern society are alike for all countries …”

Dental care S. 267

„… patient for his or her dental health. In dental care, the connection between personal efforts to maintain …” „… 267 7.7.4 Dental care Coverage of dental care experienced the most far-reaching privatisation. By …” „… 1989, coverage of dental care treatment was reduced to 50%. A financial incentive for prevention was …”

Institutions S. 143

„… 143 the Netherlands. Health care markets have been identified as most inefficient solution, based …” „… policy-makers simply not aware of the cost-driving effects of competition in health care or were other reasons …” „… paternalism. The health care system was framed as financially unsustainable, although the expenditures were …”

Pharmaceuticals S. 285-286

„… for private health insurances. In a dental care market, the public system only pays fixed subsidy …” „… no domestic pharmaceutical company that does research. 8.1.6 Conclusion Competition Health care …” „… 285 care without risking bankruptcy. Due to the nature of the risk, it is also an attractive market …”

Swedish abbreviations and terms S. 16

„… Gesundheitsstrukturgesetz Structural Health Care Reform Act IGeL Individuelle Gesundheitsleistung Individual health benefit …” „… Gesundheitswesen Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care KV Kassenärtzliche Vereinigung Association of …” „… Health Technology HSAN Hälso- och sjukvårdens ansvarsnämnd Medical Responsibility Board SALAR Sveriges …”

German abbreviations and terms S. 16

„… Gesundheitsstrukturgesetz Structural Health Care Reform Act IGeL Individuelle Gesundheitsleistung Individual health benefit …” „… Gesundheitswesen Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care KV Kassenärtzliche Vereinigung Association of …” „… Health Technology HSAN Hälso- och sjukvårdens ansvarsnämnd Medical Responsibility Board SALAR Sveriges …”

Final Conclusion S. 146-148

„… Netherlands (Thomson & Mossialos, 2007). Thus, the Dutch health care reforms did not take place because but …” „… (health care centres and pharmacies). However, this could result in inequalities between rural and urban …” „… in Bismarck-countries, and second, the notion of an unsocial market model in Dutch health care. …”

Hospital investment S. 253-254

„… 253 completely reimbursed for their health care costs. During recent years, states have also tried …” „… . Expenditures for civil servants have accounted for stable 4% of health care expenditure since 1992. 7.6.5 …” „… to care for frail elderly family members equals the amount spend out-of-pocket for health …”

Conclusion Competition S. 286-287

„… no domestic pharmaceutical company that does research. 8.1.6 Conclusion Competition Health care …” „… been the central reform idea in all three countries’ health care model. However, the institutional …” „… care. The experiences showed that competition between insurances is easier to establish than …”

Conclusion Convergence S. 296-298

„… retreat from public health care, but to allow patients choice. Germany traditionally had the weakest state …” „… policy instruments in health care, as long as maintenance of total health expenditures is not the aim. In …” „… 296 Sweden was the first among the three countries to tackle health inequalities. In 1987, a report …”

Other actors S. 227

„… 227 tion. They introduced the central health care fund, combining a universal contribution rate …” „… (SPD) with small premiums (CDU). Both parties regarded the health care fund as a stepping-stone to …” „… health care system. The answer in the former East and West differ significantly: whereas 14% are very …”

Conclusion methodology S. 86-88

„… change in national health care systems. In all of these four dimensions, first, second, and third order …” „… , whereas demands to decrease public expenditures for health care could also be met by more efficient …” „… . The degree of state invention depends on the framing of the patient as informed and health conscious …”

Pharmaceuticals S. 135-136

„… hospital services are negotiable, though emergency care and top clinical health care remain excluded. For …” „… innovative capacity of the Dutch health care system. In 1991, the first try was reference pricing, but proved …” „… care, negotiations take place based on case groups. The Netherlands was one of the first countries to …”

Political institutions S. 93-96

„… for the pillarization of the society, several checks and balances are included. The health care system …” „… *Until Dr. Els Borst-Eilers became minister, a secretary of state was in charge of health care policy 96 …” „… insurance obligation. They have a particular system of family saving accounts to cover health care costs …”

Uninsured S. 253

„… 253 completely reimbursed for their health care costs. During recent years, states have also tried …” „… . Expenditures for civil servants have accounted for stable 4% of health care expenditure since 1992. 7.6.5 …”

Europeanization S. 278

„… companies. Prior to the directive, non-specialist insurers were denied access to the health care market. All …” „… health insurances. However, Germany was referred to court for hampering the free market of insurance …” „… private health policy plans were subject to governmental approval. This procedure ensured certain social …”

Final conclusion S. 278

„… companies. Prior to the directive, non-specialist insurers were denied access to the health care market. All …” „… health insurances. However, Germany was referred to court for hampering the free market of insurance …” „… private health policy plans were subject to governmental approval. This procedure ensured certain social …”

Dental care S. 136-137

„… innovative capacity of the Dutch health care system. In 1991, the first try was reference pricing, but proved …” „… pharmaceuticals in the future (de van Ven et al., september 2009). 5.7.4 Dental care Office-based physicians …” „… provide dental care. In international comparison, the Netherlands has a low rate of dentists per …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235370

Cheryl Lawhorne-Scott, Don Philpott - Military Mental Health Care

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Cheryl Lawhorne-Scott, Don Philpott

Military Mental Health Care

2012

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Chapter 3 S. 32-75

„… Care Physician’s ManualNACBT-Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyDeployment Health Clinical …” „… , emphasis on diagnosis as an organizing principle of mental health care is common in VA. Patients are given …” „… residential mental health care will have come to VA through a process different from that experienced by …”

Chapter 14 S. 174-179

„… access to Homelessness and Mental Health 175health care—a large number of displaced and at-risk veterans …” „… Mental Health 179CaregiversFamily Caregiver Alliance—National Center on Caregiving …” „… psychiatric issues is telling. In the most recent annual report of the Health Care for Homeless Veterans …”

Chapter 16 S. 185-200

„… Veterans with Physical or Medical LimitationsDo I need to see my health care provider before beginning a …” „… having a check-up from their primary-care provider. Your MOVE! health care team can tell you whether or …” „… . See your health care provider to discuss options if you feel your current pain is at a level that will …”

GLOSSARY S. 207-224

„… veteran, and Force Health Protec-tions studies to evaluate the conditions of veterans as well as the care …” „… Section 4.25 (table 1) of Title 38 of the Code of Fed-eral Regulations. community-based health care …” „… schedule for retirees with a 50 to 90 percent VA-rated disability. Continued Health Care Benefit Program …”

Preface

„… Military Mental Health CareMilitary LifeMilitary Life is a series of books for service members and …” „… ). Military Mental Health CareA Guide for Service Members, Veterans, Families, and CommunityCheryl …” „… Veterans by Janelle Hill, Cheryl Lawhorne, and Don Philpott (2011). Military Mental Health Care: A Guide …”

Chapter 9 S. 121-141

„… satisfaction with health care.SFC W could not be reached by phone until the six-month PDHAT follow-up. At that …” „… notification of deploy-ment might uncover the use of marijuana. The health care provider can then ask …” „… and/or mental health, 134 Chapter 9lost productivity, and satisfaction with health care. At the …”

Chapter 7 S. 107-116

„… care-giver you will be to your children. This includes taking care of your physical health (e.g., eating …” „… spiritual advisor, or to family members, friends, a health care professional, or other helpful people.Losses …” „… professional consultation with a psychologist or social worker or other health care professional if the …”

Chapter 8 S. 117-120

„… associated with it. It can be hard to ask for help but health-care professionals can provide a safe place to …” „… seeking out treatment happens, the better!What Is It?Mental health problems are not a sign of weakness …” „… problems.But stigma about mental health issues can be a huge barrier for people who need help. The stigma …”

Chapter 13 S. 163-173

„… a men-tal health care professional is qualified to tell you if you are clinically depressed.There …” „… demands on caregivers put them at greater risk for health problems:Caregivers are more at risk for …” „… less than perfect.From the moment you are separated from the person you care about, you may begin to …”

Chapter 6 S. 93-106

„… a knowledgeable health care practitioner, which can be used in conjunction with behavioral therapy …” „… is an approach to health care that exists outside conventional medi-cine practiced in the United …” „… government may offer mental health care at a public mental health center that charges people according to how …”

Chapter 4 S. 76-80

„… job, career, health, and relationships.An evaluation should be done by a health care professional to …” „… things to try to improve your mood:• Talk with your doctor or health care provider.• Talk with family and …” „… . Seeking care for depression, for ourselves or loved ones, takes energy and courage.What Is It?We all …”

Chapter 2 S. 17-31

„… safety of themselves as well as their family members.They struggle to ensure that finances, health care …” „… Reservists Resources: www.usuhs.mil/psy/GuardReserveReentryWorkplace.pdf• Continued Health Care Benefit …” „… : www.humana-military.com/chcbp/pdf/dd2837.pdf• VA Home Page: www.va.gov/• VA Health Care Enrollment Resources: www.1010 …”

Chapter 1 S. 1-16

„… within each branch of the service and throughout both the DoD and VA health care systems.In VA, TBI has …” „… become a major focus secondary to recognition of the need for increased resources to provide health care …” „… members and veter-ans at the soonest opportunity and through multiple points of care.Screening for …”

Chapter 5 S. 81-92

„… store it in a safe place, such as a separate bank account.• Talk to your VA health care provider about …” „… what is going on.• Get help from a counselor, a health care provider, or legal services.• Keep in touch …” „… places him or her at risk for PTSD exacerbation, and possibly for cardiovascular disease and other health …”

Chapter 11 S. 147-155

„… who have chosen to seek VA health care. Also, a positive response does not indicate that the …” „… or eat-ing problems; gastrointestinal problemsAmong users of VA health care, medical record data …” „… this.Services available to veterans include:• All veterans seen in VA health care are asked whether they …”

Chapter 12 S. 156-162

„… mental health problems were first identified during visits with primary-care doctors, not with mental …” „… family members.Help the person get to a health care professional. Give him or her the number to a mental …” „… Public Health Command.The study, an analysis of data from the Army Behavioral Health In-tegrated Data …”

INDEX S. 225-228

„… , 162assertiveness training, 52Behavioral Health Service, 55blast waves, 12Bloomstrom, Chaplain (Col …” „… problems, 4, 14mental health, ix, x, 22, 23, 31, 46, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59–63, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 73, 74, 80 …” „… , 58, 60, 61, 120, 123, 128, 129, 171, 209, 214National Institute of Mental Health, 80, 160, 215 …”

REFERENCES AND RESOURCE GUIDE S. 201-206

„… (pp. 291–317). Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General.Koshes, R. J. (1996). The care of those …” „… GuideProctor, S. P., Heeren, T., White, R. F., Wolfe, J., Borgos, M. S., Davis, J. D., et al. (1998). Health …”

Chapter 15 S. 180-184

„… resilience.A licensed mental health professional. A psychologist can assist people in developing an appropriate …” „… at ease and have good rapport in working with a mental health professional or participating in a …” „… talking as a family, be careful to listen to one another. Families work best when there is respect for one …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442220942

Lisa Goran, David F. Bateman - Related Services in Special Education

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Lisa Goran, David F. Bateman

Related Services in Special Education

2023

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Chapter 5 Health Care Supports S. 81-96

„… 81Chapter FiveHealth Care Supports as a Related Service with Kristin C. WikelChapter FiveHealth …” „… the section on health care supports.The purpose of this form is fairly straightforward: to assist IEP …” „… that all students with physical disabilities require special or modified health care support. It …”

Chapter 7 Recommended Resources S. 115-128

„… pathologists.• The National Council on Interpreting in Health Care (NCIHC, www.ncihc .org) provides a resource …” „… Health Services.”Communication Services• The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA, www.asha …” „… Work Association of America (SSWAA, www.sswaa.org)Medical and Health Services• American Academy of …”

Chapter 1 Related Services S. 1-20

„… or evaluation purposes. Related services also include school health services and school nurse …” „… • Psychological services• Recreation• Rehabilitation counseling services• School health services• Social work …” „… counseling• School health and school nurse services• Social work services• Speech-language pathology …”

Chapter 4 Transportation as a Related Service S. 53-80

„… function in order for the student to access special education services. Examples include a health care aide …” „… guardians, and care-givers? The important part of this section is to highlight the necessary steps to be …” „… adult, day-care provider, designated neighbor, or relative. Ask this question to determine who will be …”

Appendix B S. 135-140

„… , most of the health care services that he needed were already provided for some other students; the …” „… regulations define related services for handicapped children to include “school health services,” which are …” „… perspective the obligation to provide services that relate to both the health and educational needs of …”

Key Terms S. 141-144

„… or function for the student to access special education services. Examples include a health care aide …” „… care, which can include bathing or showering, dressing, eating, walking, and toileting.aide: a person …” „… their unique educational needs.bright-line test: a clearly stated and easy-to-follow rule.chronic health …”

Preface

„… Transportation as a Related Service 535 Health Care Supports as a Related Service 816 Roles of Related-Service …” „… Health Care Supports as a Related Service 81Summary 91Key Terms 91Questions to Consider 926 Roles of …” „… ContentsRehabilitation Counseling 14School Health and School Nurse Services 15Social Work Services in Schools 15 …”

Index S. 147-152

„… and health servicesScott, Kathy Lynn, 116 Index 151self-care, 84, 85, 88, 90sensory needs of students …” „… Speech-Language Hearing Association), 101assessments. See evaluations; health assessment; progress monitoring …” „… ), 133–34breath-control exercises, 99bright-line test, 15, 47–48. See also school health and school nurse …”

References S. 145-146

„… Interpreting in Health Care (NCIHC). (n.d.). www.ncihc.orgNational Federation for the Blind (NFB). (2023 …” „… ). https://www.apta.orgAmerican Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2022b). Patient care. https://www …” „… .apta.org/patient-careAmerican School Counselor Association (ASCA). (2022). https://www.schoolcoun selor.orgAmerican …”

Chapter 6 Roles of Related Service Providers S. 97-114

„… modifications. If the student re-quires the related service of transportation (see chapter 4) or health care …” „… : SPED, CARE Team, Staff Meeting, Vision Team• Meetings in the mornings consist of a variety of functions …” „… learning disabilities; language impairments; other health impairments (ADHD, ADD, etc.); hearing …”

Chapter 3 Types and Examples S. 41-52

„… realize these could be related services. The specific roles and responsibilities of health care providers …” „… , emotional disturbance, or other health impairment. Speech-language services are identified and supervised by …” „… physical health, recovery, and well-being. For more information about the service and the credentialing of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538168844

Michael Welker, Eva Winkler, John Witte Jr., Stephen Pickard - The Impact of Health Care

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Michael Welker (ed.), Eva Winkler (ed.), John Witte Jr. (ed.), Stephen Pickard (ed.)

The Impact of Health Care

2023

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Part Four: Health Care: History, Education, Practice S. 151-152

„… Part Four: Health Care:History, Education, Practice …”

Giovanni Rubeis, Nadia Primc Ethical Aspects of Digital Transformation in Medicine and Health Care S. 121-136

„… Ethical Aspects of DigitalTransformation in Medicine andHealth CareGiovanni Rubeis and Nadia Primc1 …” „… negative impact on fundamentalethical values in health care.A recurrent misunderstanding in the public …” „… Transformation,and the Digital Disruption of Health CareDigitization, digitalization, digital transformation, and the …”

Thorsten Moos Health-Care Chaplains and Medical Ethics: Clinical and Educational Experiences S. 165-174

„… ), 251–62.9 Walter Moczynski, Hille Haker, and Katrin Bentele, eds., Medical Ethics in Health CareChaplaincy …” „… Health-Care Chaplains and MedicalEthics: Clinical and EducationalExperiences1Thorsten MoosEthics …” „… .Health-Care Chaplains and Medical Ethics 167However, there are still significant differences between …”

Ruth M. Farrell The Acceptance of Genetic Technologies by Individuals, Societies, and Health-Care Systems S. 65-76

„… The Acceptance of GeneticTechnologies by Individuals,Societies, and Health-Care SystemsRuth M …” „… birth; or coordinating household, health care, and financialpreparations for a child with medical needs …” „… highest-quality health care to receive those interven-tions. Until recently, the options for patients if a fetal …”

Eva C. Winkler Time for a New Oath? The Role of the Individual Physician’s Ethos and Institutional Ethics in the Face of Economization of the Health-Care System S. 23-34

„… Influences in Health CareThe background reasons for the increasing economization in the German med-ical …” „… Face ofEconomization of the Health-CareSystemEva C. WinklerThe topic of economization in the …” „… health-care system has been rampant for manyyears, but has been gaining momentum in Germany since 2018 in …”

Günter Thomas Mercy under Conditions of Scarcity and the Need for Organization; or, Where Is the Humane Ethos Located in the Health-Care System? An Outline of the Problem S. 35-44

„… complexorganizations striving for effectiveness do values in fact determine health care.The issue is the social …” „… Locatedin the Health-Care System? AnOutline of the ProblemGünter ThomasThe following theses outline an …” „… analysis of the social distribution of values in thesystem of health care and address the resulting …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… The Impact of Health CareMichael Welker | Eva Winkler | John Witte, Jr. Stephen Pickard (Eds.)The …” „… and technology, the academy, health care,and military and defense systems in the late modern liberal …” „… health care, particularly prenatal care,where genetic tests can inform decisions about reproductive …”

Christine Thomas Ethical Tensions in the Medical Treatment of Elderly Patients in Geriatrics and Geriatric Psychiatry S. 45-50

„… -insurance companies, and outpatient and inpa-tient care providers, as well as on the entire health-care system and …” „… health-care system, who are often burdened with immense timepressure and economic coercion from …” „… obstacles here. The refusal of thesocial and health-care system to provide sufficient resources for …”

Karen Nolte On the History of the Nursing Ethos in Germany S. 153-164

„… how nurses perceived the dehumanization in health care due to increasingrationalization and …” „… found. Attempts to reduce the costs of health care failed be-cause of the resistance of general …” „… equipment in the hospital, under the slo-gan “Against health care in the service of capital—For health care …”

Andreas Unterberg, Pavlina Lenga The Impact of Advances in Surgical Techniques and Quality-of-Life Considerations on Ethical Decision-Making and Education in Neurosurgery S. 101-118

„… ., “Comparison of the Inpatient Complications and Health CareCosts of Anterior versus Posterior Cervical …” „… available resources of a solidarity-based health-care system. However,wrong incentives have been identified …” „… justice refers to the fair, equi-table, and appropriate distribution of health-care resources determined …”

Anthony D. Ho The Impact of Advances in Stem Cell and Genome Research on Ethical Decision-Making S. 53-64

„… care—for ex-ample, health education. This raises the ethical question of proportionality andof what …” „… profes-sionals, health-care providers, scientists, and society at large with issues thataffect character …” „… patients.3. Some studies have shown that in every health care system in the “devel-oped” world, a …”

Karla Alex, Eva C. Winkler Ethical Discourse on Epigenetics and Genome Editing: The Risk of (Epi!)Genetic Determinism and Scientifically Controversial Basic Assumptions S. 77-100

„… the implications of these false assumptions.So, to argue that genetic health care and research data …” „… health care, there is a triad:“environmental justice, intergenerational equity, and equitable access to …” „… health-care.”46The aspect of environmental justice marks a central difference between thediscourses on genome …”

Beate Ditzen, Christian P. Schaaf Family Decision-Making in Times of Genomic Newborn Screening S. 137-150

„… their reproductive planning, health care, and insurancestatus. While surveys using hypothetical …” „… of newborn screening for a number of health-limiting conditions—different countries now evaluate …” „… , spinal muscular atrophy), forwhich early intervention can improve health or save lives. Beyond this …”

Contributors S. 203-204

„… Women’s Health Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Ohio.Dr. Anthony Ho is Professor and Director Emeritus of …” „… of Mental Health, University of Mannheim.Dr. Pavlina Lenga is Doctor of Medicine at the University …” „… Biomedical and Public Health Ethics, KarlLandsteiner University, Krems.Dr. Christian P. Schaaf is University …”

Gregor Etzelmüller Medical Anthropology and Theology on Human Destiny S. 175-196

„… I supposed to do now in order to become trulyhealthy?”2In asking this way, people show that health …” „… day. The body takes care of itself, and in doing so, it enablesthe subject to attend, with relative …” „… well:“The serious accident, the intensive care unit, the long stay in the hospital, the sud-den change of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783374073054

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