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Helga Haftendorn

Coming of Age

2006

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Foreign Policy in the Center of Europe: An Introduction S. 1-8

„… Introduction Initially the occupation powers retained control over German foreign policy. Only in 1951 was the …” „… taken place? How can we portray and interpret German foreign policy? "Each mode of consideration is a …” „… conflict. Was this an aberration, or are these shifts in German foreign policy an indication of future …”

2 Basic Decisions on European Policy S. 49-82

„… concepts on European policy diverged considerably on essential points. The German Foreign Office …” „… States became a structural condition of German foreign policy that limited its freedom of action even …” „… Belgian Foreign Minister Spaak, on board. After further consultations, in May 1955 the German government …”

From Self-Restraint to Assertion: Conclusions S. 399-414

„… of many differences, the foreign policy of each of the two German states was marked by a high degree …” „… a majority of UN members. When on 19 March the Iraq War started, German foreign policy was in …” „… in German foreign policy has been a discrepancy between ambition and capabilities. Demanding a seat …”

1 The Formative Phase of the Federal Republic S. 9-48

„… it became soon evident that the goals of West German foreign policy were to a great extent determined …” „… BONN REPUBLIC'S SCOPE OF ACTION IN FOREIGN POLICY In the beginning were the Allies and not Adenauer, as …” „… control of legislation, administration, the economy, and foreign trade. The entire system of German …”

6 The "Economic Miracle" Becomes the Locomotive of the Western Economy S. 197-238

„… stance followed a long-standing tradition in German foreign trade policy, it was out of step with the …” „… affecting domestic policy, one regarding foreign affairs-triggered the initial upswing and later drove the …” „… , became the compass points for the German economic and monetary policy. These principles ensured that the …”

5 Ostpolitik and Detente: Rapprochement with the East S. 157-196

„… peaceful resolution of the German question and a rigorous policy of disarmament. The note included a number …” „… European security conference back on the international agenda. In a major foreign policy speech in July …” „… prejudiced the openness of the German question, voices espousing a new initiative on Eastern policy were …”

9 The European Community and the Path to the European Union S. 311-350

„… into a future joint foreign and security policy. The German government also advocated a broad spectrum …” „… 's rapprochement with the continent now opened up new foreign policy options for the German government, so its …” „… catalogue of community functions that had been excluded in the Treaties of Rome: foreign and security policy …”

10 New Challenges after the End of the East-West Conflict S. 351-398

„… the further development of European institutions. The objectives of German foreign policy remained …” „… move from Bonn to Berlin might change the substance and method of German foreign policy. The majority …” „… constraints on German foreign policy had been overcome, the Bundeswehr began transforming itself into an army …”

4 The German Democratic Republic as the Second German State S. 121-156

„… as the Second German State 125 from the West's policy of nonrecognition. In a programmatic foreign …” „… its raison d'etre-albeit, according to Moscow's specifications. Thus its foreign policy was …” „… viewed as "the decisive task of foreign policy and hence the defining strategic principle of the foreign …”

8 The Road to Reunification S. 275-310

„… by a small group headed by Horst Teltschik, one of Kohl's most trusted advisers on foreign policy …” „… operational policy outlining, for the first time, for citizens in East and West a feasible path to German …” „… the process of German 284 Chapter Eight unification. Successful unification policy was, though, only …”

Selected Bibliography S. 415-424

„… German Foreign Policy. New York: Praeger, 1985. Selected Bibliography 419 Haftendom, Helga, Robert O …” „… . Germany, America, Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989 …” „… . German Foreign Policy since Unification: Theories and Case Studies. Manchester: Manchester University …”

3 The Federal Republic of Germany in the Atlantic Alliance S. 83-120

„… of German foreign and security policy. This naturally made the search for a new strategic consensus …” „… to "do the splits" in foreign policy-one foot on each cliff. The end result was extensive paralysis …” „… future course of its policy on the German question. Was freedom more important than unity, as Minister …”

7 From the NATO Double-Track Decision to the Double-Zero Solution S. 239-274

„… , of course, reflected the respective foreign policy priorities of the coalition partners, FDP and SPD …” „… government and the opposition over the course of German security policy reached a climax in the Bundestag …” „… United States did not cost Germany much in terms of foreign policy but was quite unpopular domestically …”

Preface

„… 1945-2000. English] Coming of age: German foreign policy since 1945 I Helga Haftendorn. p.cm. Includes …” „… Acronyms vii Acknowledgments xi Foreign Policy in the Center of Europe: An Introduction 1 1 The Formative …” „… Foreign and Security Policy Conference on International Economic Cooperation Commonwealth of Independent …”

Index S. 425-440

„… Union, United States), 36-37,41, 134 International Conference for the Regulation of German Foreign Debts …” „… , 228-29,230-32,295,316,320, 322,325,355,374-75,386-87, 390,408 foreign trade policy, 186, 199-200, 214,216,222,227,229,232-33 …” „… , common agricultural market, 55-56, 60-61, 64, 223 429 Common Foreign and Security Policy, CFSP, 230 …”

About the Author S. 441

„… has published widely on German foreign policy and international security affairs. Some of her major …” „… 's Center on Transatlantic Foreign and Security Policy Studies. She has also taught at the University of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780742574168

Dörte Dinger - From Friends to Collaborators

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Dörte Dinger

From Friends to Collaborators

Series: Internationale Beziehungen

Volume 19 2013

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German foreign policy S. 341

„… identities, either. 7.2.2 German foreign policy: The return of influence and status To the same extent …” „… , results are revealing for research on German foreign policy. Firstly and most importantly, the here work …” „… talk about changes in German foreign policy implies referring to gradual changes embedded in broad …”

German foreign policy after the cold war S. 31-38

„… 31 1.2.2 German foreign policy after the cold war If the end of the Cold War caused an earthquake …” „… overall foreign policy continuity in the end of the 1990s. A second debate on «new” German foreign policy …” „… opportunities provided to German foreign policy after the Cold War seemed much more encouraging. Instead of …”

Bilateral relations in international politics S. 38-45

„… both foreign policy analysts and IR scholars. 1.2.3.1 Italo-German relations: Parallels, prejudices …” „… the realm of foreign policy research. In a recently published compendium on German foreign policy …” „… Italian perceptions of ‘new’ German foreign policy, which previously pointed to «structural estrangement …”

Italian foreign policy S. 339-341

„… particular Italo-German case. Instead, they may contribute to foreign policy analysis in Italy and Germany …” „… construction of Italian foreign policy identities, are not limited to the restricted Italo-German framework …” „… structures of interest framings and foreign policy identities, either. 7.2.2 German foreign policy: The …”

Estrangement or business as usual in Italo-German relations? S. 19-22

„… foreign policy developments after the Cold War have so far not been brought to the realm of Italo-German …” „… same instance, the analysis shows that also German foreign policy would be more successful when …” „… countries’ foreign policy analysis for decades. They haven’t played a large role in political circles, nor …”

Bibliography S. 347-374

„… . (1994): The Normalization of German Foreign Policy: Berlin’s Difficulties. In: Orbis 38:2 (1994), pp …” „… : Oxford University Press. Peters, Dirk (2001): The debate about a new German foreign policy after …” „… unification. In: Rittberger, Volker (ed.) German foreign policy since unification. Theories and case studies …”

Italo-German conflicts over SC reform in 1997/8 and 2004/5 S. 195-210

„… bid for a permanent seat in general). 204 campaign became a priority in German foreign policy over …” „… . Press release by the German Federal Government. In: Online Archive on German Foreign Policy, 13 October …” „… German Embassy, Washington. In: Online Archive on German Foreign Policy, 2 December 2004. For the German …”

Italian foreign policy after the cold war S. 22-31

„… German foreign policy would be more successful when returning to its traditional integrative stance …” „… 1.2.2 German foreign policy after the cold war If the end of the Cold War caused an earthquake in Italy …” „… overall foreign policy continuity in the end of the 1990s. A second debate on «new” German foreign policy …”

Italo-German conflicts in the negotiation of Eastern enlargement S. 279-295

„… historical ambiguities in German foreign policy. EU enlargement, it was hoped, would virtually ‘Europeanize …” „… Enlargement. They agree upon their basic goals of foreign policy and especially, European integration, and in …” „… for foreign policy identities: These are predominantly constructed in common terms, thus contradicting …”

Andreotti and the ‘threat of pan-Germanism’ S. 97-103

„… the German argumentation. On behalf of both foreign ministers, the bilateral commission was assigned …” „… moral commitments. Finally, foreign policy identities are shared: Self-images are similar and the …” „… had to digest the consid- 66 Luigi Vittorio Ferraris describes the German reactions to Foreign …”

Bilateral relations in international politics S. 341-343

„… identities, either. 7.2.2 German foreign policy: The return of influence and status To the same extent …” „… , results are revealing for research on German foreign policy. Firstly and most importantly, the here work …” „… talk about changes in German foreign policy implies referring to gradual changes embedded in broad …”

Common identities S. 114-122

„… foreign policy. Western belonging is again the most frequent code. However, in contrast to the German …” „… on the Andreotti case shows that Italy and Germany hold common foreign policy identities. The coding …” „… multilateral orientation of both countries’ foreign policy. Renunciation of force, reconciliation, and dialogue …”

Common identities S. 307-319

„… realign Italian foreign policy in order to «stand with our head held high, cooperatively and competitively …” „… European […] chancellery ever doubted the Italian government’s right to formulate its foreign policy in …” „… Euro group; later in 2002, they are mostly based on criticizing Berlusconi’s foreign policy which would …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Theoretical and empirical contributions 3397.2.1 Italian foreign policy 3407.2.2 German foreign policy …” „… Italian and German foreign ministries, the IAI, Bremen University’s media center, and elsewhere. I am …” „… relations meet foreign policy research 221.2.1 Italian foreign policy after the cold war 221.2.1.1 From the …”

Italo-German conflicts in the negotiation of Southern enlargement S. 241-254

„… German and Italian foreign policy has repeatedly been labeled the most significant feature of their …” „… way in terms of foreign policy identities: As ‘pioneers of integration’ they resort to common identity …” „… way, and Italy’s and Germany’s foreign policy identities are common, since both states conceive of …”

Compatible identities S. 225-236

„… Government. In: Online Archive on German Foreign Policy, 23 September 2004. 231 public is. In Italy, the …” „… capacities of Italy to pursue a proactive foreign policy, however, there is some dissent in the debates. In …” „… . The concept of multilateralism still enjoys centrality within foreign policy identity; but it is new …”

The surplus of constructivist bilateral relations research S. 343-345

„… foreign policy researchers in both Italy and Germany more strongly to their countries’ web of bilateral …” „… foreign policy research in disregarding government constellations. Also in my work, government changes …” „… accuracy depend. In this vein, the work presented here may further encourage Italian foreign policy …”

Compatible identities S. 144-152

„… newspapers continuously condemn new assertiveness in German foreign policy: The Frankfurter Allgemeine …” „… : Relative code frequencies Comparing the composition of Italian and German foreign policy identities, it is …” „… reflect the domestic debates on aims and means of Italian foreign policy in the ‘Second Republic.’ To …”

Italo-German conflicts over G7 establishment in 1975 and 1986 S. 157-174

„… the German government, however, from the very beginning the Foreign Ministry demonstrated high …” „… Yugoslavia’ – a fear that made them prone to counteraction. For instance, the German foreign ministry …” „… Italian domestic instability. Following Missiroli, this reflects a general theme of Italian foreign policy …”

Insisting interaction S. 210-218

„… , this idea seems to be rooted more generally in the European tradition of German foreign policy, and …” „… , German Foreign Minister Fischer comments on Italian ideas of a third way, emphasizing that for Germany …” „… insinua- 378 Communication by the Minister for Foreign Affairs on UN Reform. In: Italian Foreign Policy …”

Research questions and structure S. 45-46

„… foreign policy, as well as the identification of lacunas in bilateral relations research, points to the …” „… questions I address in this work. In a nutshell, I draw on the investigation of foreign policy change in the …” „… least, the project may offer some interesting impulses for foreign policy analysis as well …”

Conceding interaction S. 103-108

„… clearly from his Foreign Minister: «The Germans should not judge Italy by Andreotti alone, but take into …” „… engagement for downplaying. German politicians reduce the speech to the Italian Foreign Ministers’ opinion …” „… was also interested in such a framing in order to defend their German policy against the domestic …”

List of Interview Partners S. 375-377

„… United Nations from 1998 to 2002. Foreign Policy Counselor to the German Chancellor in 2002. VON KYAW …” „… Coordination Group, German Foreign Ministry from 2000 to 2004. First Counselor (Political Affairs) at the …” „… Integration, German Foreign Ministry, from 2001 to 2004. Interviewed on November 27, 2008 in Berlin. BOTTAI …”

Conceding interaction S. 254-260

„… colleague in Kempten.495 At the foreign ministers’ gathering, it is indeed Italo-German conjoint pressure …” „… ) provide detailed overviews of Italy’s diplomatic and foreign policy activities. From 1977 to 1985, for …” „… accommodation of bilateral requests. Instead, they make part of European policy-making’s common practices …”

Berlusconi and the ‘Nazi camp guard’ S. 124-131

„… chancellery and not the Foreign Ministry was in charge of the meeting with Fagiolo. German opposition shared …” „… call between Foreign Ministers Fischer and Frattini had not cleared up the quarrel, the German …” „… Italian Foreign Minister Frattini. After a meeting with his German colleague in Brussels, he dissociated …”

Outlook: Prospects for Italo-German relations S. 345-346

„… 345 the complete disregard of social constructivism in Italian foreign policy research until now …” „… eccentricity; because it takes into focus the indeed new notions in Italian foreign policy, such as the …” „… integrative foreign policy, committed to hear and reconcile partner interests rather than asserting its own at …”

Comparison by dimensions S. 326-335

„… %. Thus, in both elements of the German foreign policy identity relevant to Italo-German relations we …” „… identified because foreign policy identities shift from common to compatible; in the realm of European …” „… is thus seriously challenged, and both countries’ foreign policy identities move towards …”

Comparison by settings S. 335-339

„… distinctiveness that separates status conflicts from the other settings in both Italian and German foreign policy …” „… particular Italo-German case. Instead, they may contribute to foreign policy analysis in Italy and Germany …” „… heavily influence foreign policy identities. The question of status seems to cause most trouble in …”

Compromising interaction S. 131-137

„… chiarimento”, 5 July 2003) refers, in particular with Valdo Spini, foreign policy spokesman of the Democratici …” „… Berlusconi’s formal excuses. The Italian Foreign Ministry publishes a note even before the arrival of German …” „… matters of foreign policy, considers Schröder’s reaction as «totally exaggerated and ridiculous,” while …”

Egoistic interests S. 301-307

„… person of Berlusconi comes in, who meets with skepticism and refusal not only among German foreign policy …” „… , respectively. Among them, the codes of common and individual interests are predominant. In German discourse …” „… for Italo-German cooperation in the European framework. Two arguments are repeatedly referred to in …”

Solidary interests S. 180-186

„… ). In broader foreign policy discourses, in turn, the notions of common interests and positive values …” „… foreign policy. But what these codes share is actually the idea of solidarity in combination with rather …” „… surely come from the specific policy field in which the case is situated, because Italo-German bilateral …”

Results: A bilateral image of ‘collaboration’ S. 236-238

„… result of increasing opportunities and range of German foreign policy: It is lesser concentrated on …” „… a flower of speech without practical significance. When new horizons of German foreign policy …” „… solidarity and partner orientation before. For the dimension of foreign policy identities, it is remarkable …”

Egoistic interests S. 218-225

„… Report by Foreign Minister Gianfranco Fini on UN Reform. In: Italian Foreign Policy Data and Resources …” „… explicitly emphasized by some (German) diplomats, who call for policymaking «in the here and now.”405 …” „… interests: German pragmatism and Italian rivalry During the conflict on UNSC reform, both partners associate …”

From Andreotti to Berlusconi: Comparison of results S. 154-156

„… especially Genscher’s foreign policy not only in 1984, but for the whole period he stayed in office, and was …” „… further demonstration of traditional ambivalences in Italian foreign policy, and the quick adjustments by …” „… other into account when formulating their foreign policy – both countries have become lone fighters …”

Case selection S. 76-81

„… Federal Republic and caused some storm in the waters of Italo-German relations: In 1984, when Foreign …” „… recurrent motive in the country’s foreign policy narrative (cf. Radbruch 1998; Santoro 1991; Coralluzzo 2000 …” „… status and development of Italo-German relations and trying to place diverse events within a related set …”

Dimensions of bilateral images S. 54-68

„… given national interests. Rather, it is the perceptions within the foreign policy elite that establish a …” „… constructivist foreign policy research (Katzenstein 1996; Campbell 1998; Banchoff 1999; Hopf 2002; Hansen/Waever …” „… can be addressed in the context of domestic or societal influences on foreign policy; the conception …”

Compromising interaction S. 295-301

„… Italian colleague Agnelli, German Foreign Minister Kinkel recognizes the Mediterranean’s «particular …” „… Italian and German Foreign Ministers Colombo and Kinkel on future prospects of the EU’s Ostpolitik.594 Two …” „… Republic’s enlargement policy, «to keep in mind the primary [German] interests […] and to exhaust any options …”

Government publications S. 86-87

„… exceptional cases may be reduced to thirty years. In the German foreign ministry archive, retention expires …” „… observation. In the Italian foreign ministry archive, documents are blocked for fifty years, a period that in …” „… documenti della politica estera italiana, for the German case, the Bulletin der Bundesregierung. Both …”

Common identities S. 266-278

„… perception of Germany. More than their German counterparts, Italian politicians emphasize – as Foreign …” „… Minister Forlani does in 1977 – that their «foreign policy strives for the individuation of Italy’s …” „… notwithstanding, overall foreign 278 policy identities of Italy and Germany are common ones. Both overwhelmingly …”

Bilateral relations as ‘microstructure’ S. 47-51

„… leaders and their impact on foreign policy decisions (Hudson 2005). Indeed, in one of the ‘classics’ of …” „… foreign policy analysis, Snyder et al. (1962) argue that foreign policy elites act on the basis of their …” „… to the recreation of the world as decision-makers view it. To explain foreign policy choices …”

Results: A bilateral image of ‘collaboration‘ S. 152-154

„… : Relative code frequencies Comparing the composition of Italian and German foreign policy identities, it is …” „… orientation still predominates, this seems to be eroding. In Italy, foreign policy has become a means of …” „… German Self-images, are not contradicting the respective other, but they are compatible and even parallel …”

Solidary interests S. 108-114

„… Foreign Minister has violated solidarity by challenging a vital German interest. In light of solidary …” „… foreign ministry declares that «in light of the close Italo-German friendship, the [Italian] Foreign …” „… case shows that Italy and Germany hold common foreign policy identities. The coding process brings …”

Egoistic interests S. 137-144

„… , besides the German interest in this progress, at stake is also the reputation of his Foreign Minister who …” „… the Interior Schily for instance praises Italo-German collaboration in EU immigration policy. 205 Il …” „… domestic debates on aims and means of Italian foreign policy in the ‘Second Republic.’ To start with …”

Expert interviews S. 87-89

„… sum of 28 expert interviews, conducted with 15 German and 11 Italian diplomats as well as one German …” „… was made only for former Foreign Ministers Genscher and Andreotti, who – due to the remarkable long …” „… the UNSC case). Thirdly, I incorporated the responsible officers from the foreign ministry, those …”

From conceding to compromising interaction S. 174-180

„… country’s favor.297 This is a concern also raised by the German ambassador in Rome, who asks the Foreign …” „… reconciling position of the German foreign ministry, as seen in the 1975 case from the documentary record, may …” „… . As already seen in the news coverage before the summit, in German reporting the agreement was …”

Results: A bilateral image of ‘friendship‘ S. 278-279

„… of foreign policy and especially, European integration, and in their perception, the respective other …” „… 278 policy identities of Italy and Germany are common ones. Both overwhelmingly describe themselves …” „… the German question in a speech delivered to the European parliament: «we do not see only Germany …”

From Southern to Eastern enlargement: Comparison of results S. 321-323

„… of national distinctiveness. It is evident that foreign policy identities of both Italy and Germany …” „… Cold War, changes within European policy-making also weigh on Italy’s and Germany’s bilateral relations …” „… several alterations in the setup of Italo-German relations within the realm of European politics. Overall …”

From G7 to the Security Council: Comparison of results S. 238-240

„… solidarity and partner orientation before. For the dimension of foreign policy identities, it is remarkable …” „… to individual preferences of policy-makers. From growing indifference and the dominance of …” „… Italo-German relations. Very straightforwardly, bilateral images of both partners have changed from ‘friendship …”

Qualitative content analysis S. 91-96

„… already conducted research in the field, namely on Italian attitudes towards German foreign policy (Dinger …” „… foreign policy identities have not been linked to specific – that is substantial – contents in the …” „… them” indifference no particular consideration of the partner «our foreign ministry tends to forget …”

Results: A bilateral image of ‘friendship’ S. 122-124

„… reunification, and the Germans felt ‘deeply hurt’ by their Italian friends. But as historical analysis has …” „… notion that characterizes Italo-German relations, too. Indeed, cooperation – if at all instrumental – is …” „… Italo-German relations: This is the huge importance of friendship, which contributes a notion of specialness to …”

Results: A bilateral image of ‘collaboration’ S. 319-321

„… foreign policy. So the observed Italo-German estrangement, as well as the continuing commonalities at the …” „… proves the absence of any special Italo-German proximity in European affairs: Despite the shared …” „… the Italian and German identities as common. The overall analysis shows clear adherence to …”

Newspaper coverage S. 81-86

„… exceptional cases may be reduced to thirty years. In the German foreign ministry archive, retention expires …” „… regional policy, geographic balance; GER: cutting EU budget; restrict labor mobility) 3.2 Data According …” „… limited to the few politicians and diplomats directly engaged in Italo-German diplomacy. Newspaper data …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242521

Klaus-Jürgen Nagel, Stephan Rixen - Catalonia in Spain and Europe

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Klaus-Jürgen Nagel (ed.), Stephan Rixen (ed.)

Catalonia in Spain and Europe

2015

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Mario Kölling The consequences of an independent Catalonia for the German foreign policy S. 196-207

„… German foreign policy,although most are uncertain. Besides the debate among domestic actors, thescenario …” „… consequences of an independent Catalonia for the German foreign policy199Nevertheless, the German government …” „… are important policy tools, as well asthe German foreign policy characterised by the strongly-held …”

Klaus-Jürgen Nagel Independent Catalonia – a viable new European state? S. 208-222

„… that the peopleof the seceding territory only have to demonstrate consistently to have different policy …” „… ), former Spanish PP minister for Foreign Affairsand Vueling company head Josep Piqué, and Josep Lluís Bonet …” „… anti-independentists, Spanish boycott, lossesin export, moving out of foreign investors, and higher administrative …”

Stephan Rixen Becoming more independent without independence? Strong federalism with territorial autonomy as an alternative: the case of Belgium S. 156-167

„… Flemish Community, the French Community and,not so far mentioned, the German-speaking Community (in some …” „… German-speakingcommunities are:• education,• cultural matters (especially defense and promotion of language, arts, libraries …” „… , radio and television broadcasting, youth policy, leisure andtourism,• development aid,• use of language …”

Stephan Rixen, Klaus-Jürgen Nagel Introduction S. 6-12

„… surprised more than one observer, national as well as foreign. OnSeptember 11, 1977, the Catalan national …” „… bring together Catalan academics (working in their countryor abroad) and German researchers, living …” „… intensively treated in German academy. Thisprovides some reason for bringing these communities together …”

Markus Möstl Devolution in the UK – a slippery slope or an alternative to independence? S. 168-180

„… constitutional questions, the status of Scotland as such, the foreign and military policy of the United Kingdom …” „… . Technically,24 this was not achieved by defining a list of policy areas in which Scotland has the right to …” „… , thecurrency and fiscal policy, the common market (as well as certain clearlydefined policy areas concerning …”

Hermann-Josef Blanke, Yasser Abdelrehim Catalonia’s independence – is there a way in international and European Union law? S. 51-96

„… GermanBasic Law. http://www.digitale-schule-bayern.de/dsdaten/118/74.pdf.2 Cf. Tomuschat (1993), p. 4.3 …” „… .gencat.cat/docs/consulta/Documents/Arxius/Llei_angles.pdf).Hermann-Josef Blanke / Yasser Abdelrehim60on a specific action, decision or public policy, by means of a vote …” „… foreign influence, determine their political,economic, social and cultural status, and living conditions …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258256

Edmund Ratka, Olga Spaiser - Understanding European Neighbourhood Policies

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Edmund Ratka (ed.), Olga Spaiser (ed.)

Understanding European Neighbourhood Policies

Series: Münchner Beiträge zur europäischen Einigung

Volume 22 2012

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Jan Busse Continuity and Change: Deconstructing German Foreign Policy towards the Middle East Conflict S. 141-157

„… remains the main challenge for German foreign policy-making in the Middle East. All in all, German foreign …” „… Continuity and Change: Deconstructing German Foreign Policy towards the Middle East Conflict Jan …” „… Busse Introduction This chapter will analyse German foreign policy towards the Middle East conflict and …”

Edmund Ratka From Barcelona to Berlin via Paris: Europeanisation Dynamics in Germany’s Mediterranean Policy S. 119-141

„… may impact on the German foreign policy-making. The second analytical step addresses the formation of …” „… took place on the ‘mental map’ of German foreign policy-making.11 Against the background of the …” „… first outline a model of German foreign policy-making towards the Middle East conflict that serves as …”

Olga A. Spaiser Germany’s Influence on EU Foreign Policy: The Case of the EU Strategy for Central Asia S. 267-284

„… contribution in this volume. 2 The term ‘Ostpolitik’ refers to the German foreign policy of détente with the …” „… influence, but it also aimed at leaving a German mark on European foreign policy. Besides this, by naming …” „… Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) with a clear German imprint. Due to Germany’s economic, political and …”

Marco Siddi The Russian ‘Other’: The Impact of National Identity Construction on EU-Russia Relations S. 249-267

„… determining an actor’s interests and foreign policy. This study briefly reviews the main findings of …” „… foreign policy approach of the selected national case studies. This suggests that, despite the troubled …” „… 1. 249 foreign policy independent of historical constraints, even the most extreme past conflicts do …”

About the Authors S. 369-373

„… ) of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU). His research focus is on European foreign policy …” „… German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP), the German Bundestag and the Institute for European Politics …” „… , enlargement, neighbourhood and foreign policy, promotion of democracy, as well as institutional developments …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Mediterranean Policy 119 Edmund Ratka Continuity and Change: Deconstructing German Foreign Policy towards the …” „… governance, but it must also reinforce its capacity to be a foreign policy actor on the regional and …” „… of the European Union formulating a coherent and strategically aligned foreign policy towards its …”

Edmund Ratka, Olga A. Spaiser Introduction: Understanding European Neighbourhood Policies S. 15-24

„… constructivist foreign policy analysis to examine the German position towards the Middle East conflict and takes …” „… , Prozesse. Munich. Rittberger, Volker (ed.) 2001: German foreign policy since unification. Theories and case …” „… foreign policy-makers and Edmund Ratka discusses how the Arab Spring has changed Germany’s perception of …”

Zaki Laïdi Europeans without Europe: The Paradox of the ‘Arab Spring’ S. 107-119

„… Europeanisation dynamics in German foreign policy.3 Germany has long been considered an ideally ‘Europeanised …” „… foreign policy of European states and the European Union. For reasons of historical relations …” „… the foreign policy calculus of many Europeans states by confronting them with ‘hard power’ issues. In …”

Ludwig Schulz A Strategy Theory Approach to the Analysis of European Foreign Policy S. 87-106

„… See the example of German foreign policy towards the Mediterranean (Ratka 2010). 100 European Security …” „… process and the evolution of a common European foreign policy is a reaction by European policy-makers to …” „… policy-making in general and within Europe in particular. By relying on Terry L. Deibel’s approach on Foreign …”

Caroline du Plessix EU-Israel: An Enduring ‘Special’ Relationship despite Clashing Perceptions S. 157-175

„… relationship. Theoretical background: A system approach towards European Foreign Policy emphasising the …” „… participation in the European Foreign Policy system. In fact, from the late 70s, together with Great Britain and …” „… strategic choices. In this contribution, I consider the European Foreign Policy as a system (White 1999 …”

Daniel Grotzky The Non-Democratic Other and the Borders of Europeanness S. 343-355

„… . German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer called the democratisation of Yugoslavia the “key question” for …” „… puzzling constellations for policy-making to prognosticate. Policy-makers should be aware of how their own …” „… Russian immigrants as a non-democratic other was reproduced by European policy-makers and aided in …”

Sebastian Schäffer EU-Russia Relations and the Eastern Partnership S. 239-249

„… the EU with the instruments for a more unified foreign policy with the High Representative for the …” „… Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European External Action Service (EEAS), the …” „… selfconception of the Russian Federation had a considerable influence on Moscow's foreign policy. With the …”

Patrick Müller Europeanisation within and beyond the EU: A Conceptual Overview S. 35-53

„… policy-entrepreneurship and agenda-setting in EU policy-making to enhance our understanding of foreign policy-uploading …” „… German foreign policy. Among the empirical contributions to this book, the chapter by Natasha Wunsch is …” „… inputs in European foreign policy-making and the transformation of national foreign policies through …”

Christine Normann Analysing the Evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy: Theoretical and Methodological Triangulation S. 53-69

„… national foreign policy indicators: the “emergence of norms among policy-making elites […], shared …” „… ) as a common European foreign policy towards neighbouring countries also became obvious during the …” „… decision-making of CFSP, as part of a European foreign policy that is meant to complement the national foreign …”

David Rinnert Georgia and the Eastern Partnership: Progress, Problems and Prospects S. 213-239

„… pursued a foreign policy path with a clear priority of EU integration, Georgia has to be considered one of …” „… Saakashvili administration declared integration with the EU (and NATO) as Georgia’s utmost foreign policy …” „… its foreign policy leverage remains significant in its neighbourhood, even without giving further …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235486

Hans Rattinger, Harald Schoen, Fabian Endres, Jana Pötzschke, Sebastian Jungkunz, Matthias Mader - Old Friends in Troubled Waters

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Hans Rattinger, Harald Schoen, Fabian Endres, Jana Pötzschke, Sebastian Jungkunz, Matthias Mader

Old Friends in Troubled Waters

Series: Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung

Volume 30 2016

Results in this title

2 Change and stability of U.S. and German foreign and security policy attitudes S. 42-123

„… Change and stability of U.S. and German foreign and security policy attitudes Introduction This …” „… chapter examines U.S.-German relations in the foreign and security policy domain as viewed by ordinary …” „… will explore to which degree Americans and Germans differ over the three foreign policy core postures …”

1 Introduction S. 17-41

„… thing, the specific foreign policy culture requires German politicians to provide the “right reasons …” „… military force are not invoked foreign policy disagreement between the U.S. and German publics is unlikely …” „… the foreign policy domain to a more general level, which in turn conveyed the impression of Germans …”

3 Policy postures and elite politics as determinants of public opinion S. 124-225

„… foreign and security policy (Baumann and Hellmann 2001). It also made the conflict in German strategic …” „… Americans and Germans over time. First of all, truly comparative data covering foreign policy issues are …” „… that U.S. and German foreign policy cultures differed at a structural level. 3 Policy postures and …”

4 Conclusion S. 226-238

„… core-postures-and-parties model we analyzed the development of U.S. and German public opinion toward foreign policy after …” „… evidence also pointed to more subtle differences between U.S. and German foreign policy cultures as …” „… . In contrast the German foreign policy culture is characterized by a close relationship between …”

References S. 239-254

„… University Press. Berger, Thomas U. 2002. A Perfectly Normal Abnormality: German Foreign Policy after Kosovo …” „… Foreign and Security Policy in Germany. In: German Politics, 23: 1-19. Mader, Matthias/Schoen, Harald …” „… as Venutians: The Culture of German Foreign Policy Behavior. In: Foreign Policy Analysis, 1: 37-62 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… outline of the book1.3 38 Change and stability of U.S. and German foreign and security policy attitudes 2 …” „… .indd 2 18.05.16 08:39 2.Auflage Policy Principles, Elites, and U.S.-German Relations at the …” „… research project on “Attitudes on Foreign and Security Policy in the U.S. and Germany: A Comparison at the …”

Appendix B3: Question wording for results reported in the text only S. 285-294

„… ” – … 2.3.2. Foreign policy problems facing the country U.S., CCFR, 1982-2002: “What do you feel are the two …” „… the United States will sometimes have to go along with a policy that is not its first choice.” (yes/no …” „… ?” 2.3.4. Attitudes toward foreign countries, their leaders, and transatlantic relations Germany, Security …”

Appendix B2: Question wording for tables S. 269-284

„… ” (1999-2003) – … Table 3 U.S., CCFR, 1982-2002: “What do you feel are the two or three biggest foreign …” „… policy problems facing the United States today that you would like to see the federal government do …” „… you favor or oppose that the German soldiers which are currently stationed there defend Turkey …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845272283

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