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Chen-Jung Chan, Jörg Ennuschat, Chien-Liang Lee, Stefan Storr - Öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht im digitalen Zeitalter

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Chen-Jung Chan (ed.), Jörg Ennuschat (ed.), Chien-Liang Lee (ed.), Stefan Storr (ed.)

Öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht im digitalen Zeitalter

Series: Schriften zum Öffentlichen Wirtschaftsrecht

Volume 13 2021

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Shiang-Bor Huang Der Konflikt zwischen Open Banking und GDPR S. 93-102

„… Der Konflikt zwischen Open Banking und GDPR Associate Prof. Shiang-Bor Huang, Shih Hsin Universität …” „… , nachfolgend GDPR genannt), und damit eine strenge Regelung zum Schutz persönlicher Daten, in Kraft …” „… Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie3 (engl.: Payment Services Directive 2, nachfolgend PSD2) und der GDPR erläutert. Daran …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Tung-Ying Lee Der Konflikt zwischen Open Banking und GDPR 93 Shiang-Bor Huang Digitalisierung der …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748923589

Thomas Kahler - Turning Point in Data Protection Law

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Thomas Kahler (ed.)

Turning Point in Data Protection Law

2020

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Thomas Kahler GDPR – not fit for corona? S. 171-174

„… GDPR – not fit for corona? Thomas Kahler 25 April 2020 Who of us has expected the coronavirus? In …” „… any measures which would save lives or stabilise our economy? Does GDPR provide any adequate legal …” „… the staff before entering the office? Cenario 1: In ordinary times GDPR does not provide a legal basis …”

Thomas Kahler Accountability – the gravity centre of GDPR S. 25-30

„… Accountability – the gravity centre of GDPR Thomas Kahler 26 May 2018 Accountability may be …” „… gravity power of accountability – as a new gravity centre of GDPR – is shifting the burden of proof to the …” „… GDPR. Whereas Art. 5 (1) GDPR lists all six fundamental principles of GDPR with (1) lawfulness …”

Thomas Kahler How to ‘provide’ information (Art. 12 GDPR)? European Court of Justice requires active behavior S. 13-16

„… significant impact on cost and efforts of the GDPR-implementation projects. In general, the legal …” „… How to ‘provide’ information (Art. 12 GDPR)? European Court of Justice requires active behavior …” „… of the data processing (Art. 13 GDPR). But, what measures are required to provide this information to …”

Thomas Kahler Irish DPC: liability for failure to act against Facebook S. 157-162

„… divergence between strict legal requirements and poor implementation of the GDPR is significant. One key …” „… GDPR to take effective measures. If the Irish DPC is in breach of this obligation, a data subject may …” „… . 25. 157 In respect of the facts, it has been proven that Facebook is infringing the GDPR.3 …”

Thomas Kahler Fan pages jointly liable with Facebook – landmark of ECJ S. 39-44

„… eyes whether Facebook is infringing GDPR or not. In addition, administrators are jointly liable with …” „… to Directive 95/46, it applies at the same time to GDPR, which contains the same principles for joint …” „… fan pages derives from the liability of joint controllers according to GDPR: “Where controllers or …”

Lukas Lezzi, Jutta Sonja Oberlin Joint Controllership within a group of entities S. 81-88

„… Introduction It is crucial for compliance of intra-group2 data processing activities under the GDPR (General …” „… purposes and means of processing personal data (Art. 4 No. 7 GDPR)4. In particular, the third criterion is …” „… GDPR). The processor only carries out data processing operations in accordance with the strict …”

Thomas Kahler The potential outcome of Max Schrems first legal actions against Facebook and Google S. 31-38

„… Art. 56 and 60 GDPR. 4 According to Art. 60 GDPR. 31 the EDPB (European Data Protection Board)5[ will …” „… provide a binding interpretation of the GDPR.6 In all four cases the controller asks the user to consent …” „… policy includes special categories of data which require an explicit consent according to Art. 9 (1) GDPR …”

Thomas Kahler Internal Audit, DPO and the adjustment of Three-Lines-of-Defense-Modell S. 163-166

„… independent position of DPO. Internal Audit and DPO Nearly two years after GDPR beeing effective internal …” „… GDPR which are most relevant for internal audit: • the seperation of the tasks between the controller …” „… controller and DPO The GDPR draws a strict line between the tasks of the controller and the DPO. Whereas the …”

Thomas Kahler The end of an “old“ consent? Consent faces legal action by Max Schrems and consumer agencies S. 17-20

„… GDPR.1 Most “old” consent forms will be invalid from on 25th May, that derives from a narrow …” „… interpretation of recital 171 GDPR by the WP292. This interpretation requires, that consent shall be fully …” „… compliant with the GDPR.3 GDPR raises the bar significantly in comparison to the Directive 95/46. I would …”

Thomas Kahler The DPO and the messenger of bad news S. 133-136

„… the DPO1, which is provided by the GDPR, does not prevent the DPO in practice of the risk of either …” „… opinion that the interpretation DPO is too narrow. Role of DPO according to GDPR The key tasks of the DPO …” „… GDPR.2 In contrast, the controller and not the DPO is held accountable for the compliance with GDPR …”

Thomas Kahler Facebook-hack: stress test for Irish DPC S. 71-74

„… answer the key question of GDPR: Do national DPAs have the power to force multinationals like Facebook to …” „… comply with GDPR? Notification of data breaches The Facebook-hack provides evidence that new instruments …” „… of GDPR are having significant effect. Firstly, Facebook was required to notify the respective DPA of …”

Thomas Kahler ‘Do not track’ without consent – as quoted by German regulators S. 21-24

„… DPAs is a binding interpretation of the GDPR for tracking and profiling. 1 Data Protection Agencies. 2 …” „… 15 TMG will be invalid as of 25th of May, when GDPR is applying, because the rationale of the ECJ in …” „… ‘Breyer’ is equally valid to GDPR, because GDPR follows the same principles concerning the concept of …”

Jutta Sonja Oberlin Data: The key role in fighting against the Coronavirus pandemic – Opportunities and risks of the contact tracing Apps S. 179-186

„… . 9 (2) a-j GDPR) applies. In the case of the fight against COVID-19, the legal grounds for data pro …” „… ing-coronavirus-tracking-into-ios-and-android/. 2 Art. 9 GDPR. 3 E.g. Singapore deployed and open-sourced a contact tracing app based on …” „… Assessments under the GDPR When developing such an app, it is important to understand the obligations …”

Peter Hense Google Analytics: Injunctive relief, information requests and damages S. 151-156

„… Dresden Regional Court on Google Analytics1 Irrespective of the GDPR, claims for injunctive relief against …” „… Hense 152 Comments Data protection law does not end with the GDPR The court solves the case at the level …” „… pseudonymisation – one that is thus worthless under the GDPR.5 It certainly does not result in anonymisation within …”

Andreas Rohner, Gerald Trieb Junk mail from a dating portal (decision of Austrian DPA) S. 167-170

„… ” procedure can, in some cases, constitute a breach of Article 32 GDPR.2 Double opt-in In a ”double opt-in …” „… messages constitutes a violation of Articles 5 and 6 GDPR, as well as Article 32 GDPR, which would lead to …” „… which deserves such protection. With regards to the possible breach of Article 32 GDPR, the DPA already …”

Thomas Kahler Data breach: 72 hours period extended on weekend? S. 109-114

„… Data breach: 72 hours period extended on weekend? Thomas Kahler 31 May 2019 GDPR requires companies …” „… State a controller may be regarded as compliant with GDPR whereas the a controller may be fined by the …” „… the GDPR is to be equally applying to all Member States. This derives from the character as …”

Iheanyi Samuel Nwankwo The “Whitelist” and its Value during a Data Protection Impact Assessment S. 141-144

„… 25 October 2019 Background The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) solidifies the riskbased …” „… ) of the GDPR only triggers the requirement of a DPIA when the processing operation is likely to result …” „… in “high risk”. Unfortunately, the GDPR does not define the term “risk” or “high risk”, despite that …”

Thomas Kahler Consent to privacy policy – 'invalid' S. 101-104

„… degree of legal certainty for their compliance with GDPR. This approach tents to fail due to the fact …” „… must be freely given. This aspect is equally highlighted by GDPR in recital 33: „Consent should be …” „… is invalid. This interpretation is underlined by Art. 7 (4) GDPR: “When assessing whether consent is …”

Alexander Golland, Jan-Peter Ohrtmann Video surveillance: The supervisory authorities’ view and recent case law S. 175-178

„… responsible for harmonising the enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), published a …” „… with the GDPR. A few weeks earlier, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) had issued a ruling on a case …” „… types of video recordings entail the processing of personal data. As such, the GDPR is not applicable to …”

Thomas Kahler IT maintenance is ‘Data processing on behalf’ according to German DPAs S. 59-62

„… With the application of the GDPR the question arises, How to qualify IT maintenance? This aspect is of …” „… Art. 4 (2) GDPR which broadly defines 'processing' of personal data by “…use, disclosure by …” „… provided by Art. 28 GDPR. Pursuant to Art. 28 GDPR, a data processor “…means a natural or legal person …”

Thomas Kahler Cookies consent S. 67-70

„… GDPR the question arises, whether this kind of consent is still compliant or not? Legal background …” „… is now replaced by GDPR that leads to the question, Whether the wording “By continuing to use our …” „… site, you accept our use of cookies.” is still admissible under GDPR or not? 1. 1 Amended by Article 2 …”

Thomas Kahler ‘Data processing on behalf’ within a group S. 51-54

„… concrete circumstances are determining the cause of the controllership.6 Exemption of GDPR-requirements for …” „… . According to Art. 28 GDPR the processor shall inter alia • Act solely on basis of a contract with the …” „… the controller to demonstrate the compliance with GDPR. WP292 has defined to which extent the …”

Alexander Golland Struggling with users’ consent: Economic approach to solve the issue of coupling S. 121-126

„… General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): Art. 7 para. 4 GDPR clarifies that the provision of services …” „… , Art. 6 para. 1 lit. b GDPR cannot serve as a legal basis for personalized advertisements making the …” „… processing of personal data under Article 6(1)(b) GDPR in the context of the provision of online services to …”

Thomas Kahler Microsoft is driving it´s customers into non-compliance S. 75-80

„… that is sent to Microsoft. Microsoft 1. 1 A Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) according to Art. 32 GDPR …” „… processed.9 According to Art. 28 (10) GDPR, a processor which determins the purpose and means of the …” „… , the employee data would have been transferred to Microsoft according to Art. 28 GDPR on 'data …”

Thomas Kahler “Fashion ID“: ECJ opens door for class action against Facebook S. 127-132

„… , Facebook is required to erase the respective data according to Art. 17 (1) (d) GDPR: “... the controller …” „… directive 95/46, which was the prevailing law at the time of the decision, it is equally applying to GDPR …” „… since GDPR is based on the same principles with the the 'right to be forgotten'. Class action: new …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Turning Point in Data Protection Law Thomas Kahler (ed.) Nomos Two years GDPR on DPOblog.eu …” „… BUT_Kahler_6909-4.indd 2 30.09.20 11:30 Two years GDPR on DPOblog.eu Thomas Kahler (ed.) Turning Point in …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kahler, Thomas Turning Point in Data Protection Law Two years GDPR on DPOblog.eu Thomas …”

Thomas Kahler Google is tracking location of users without consent S. 55-58

„… data needs a legal basis according to Art. 6 GDPR. In general, there are three options available …” „… https://www.apnews.com/ef95c6a91eeb4d8e9dda9cad887bf211. 55 (b) GDPR does not provide a legal basis for Google to process …” „… . Consent The consent according to Article 7 GDPR requires • A clear confirmative action, • A separate …”

Thomas Kahler Planet 49 (ECJ): most consent for cookies invalid S. 137-140

„… 2002/58 refers to directive 95/46 on, how to declare an informed consent.3 Since May 2018 GDPR is …” „… applies for Directive 2002/58 in reference to Directive 95/46 and at the same time in reference to GDPR …” „… must be seen as a part of the fairness principle. This rationale equally applies to GDPR. As third …”

Thomas Kahler Turning point S. 11-12

„… economy. This standard applies to all companies that provide services to EU citizens. The GDPR will grant …” „… Articles of the GDPR. Companies have to provide a data inventory1 which shows all processes relating to …” „… the measures of the GDPR until 25th of May as best as they can do. To provide information to these …”

Tobias Jaquemain Liability of private parties for data protection breaches S. 115-120

„… in the amendment of data protection law and the drafting of the GDPR regarding the legal consequences …” „… legislative efforts to achieve EU-wide coherence (EC. 8 EC DPD and EC. 10 GDPR) require a handling of the …” „… damaging infringement of the GDPR is sufficient for a claim, the intensity of the impairment is relevant …”

Thomas Kahler Ban of Facebook Customs Audience – decision of German DPA upheld S. 45-50

„… legitimate interest but requires a consent of the customer. The decision will be equally applied with GDPR …” „… GDPR? The upcoming final decision will be valid under GDPR sofar the Administrative court will …” „… consequently argue on basis of Directive 95/46, which contains the same principles as GDPR. That means …”

Author directory S. 187-194

„… on data protection law, including a commentary on the GDPR published by Taeger/Gabel. Peter …”

Thomas Kahler In the face – of Facebook S. 93-96

„… infringing European Data Protection Law such as Directive 95/46 and GDPR. Therefore, this consent is legally …”

Toshihiro Wada Data Protection in Japan S. 145-150

„… adequacy decision on Japan pursuant to Article 45(3) GDPR on 23 January 2019.1 On the same day, the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748921561

Jingzhou Sun - Personality Merchandising and the GDPR: An Insoluble Conflict?

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Jingzhou Sun

Personality Merchandising and the GDPR: An Insoluble Conflict?

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 42 2022

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Part II Merchandising under the GDPR S. 71-170

„… that the GDPR’s broad material and territorial scope of application also leaves some small spots …” „… provision using the GDPR’s narrative. It accompanies an evaluation of the current approach adopted by German …” „… concludes this Part.The applicability of the GDPR in merchandisingA brief introduction to the GDPRBefore …”

Part III The comparison between the German legal regime and the GDPR regarding merchandising S. 171-205

„… envisioned by the GDPR.The GDPR’s regulation in merchandising in contrast with the German legal …” „… subjects?More moral damages under the GDPR?As discussed in Part II Section 3.2, the civil liability for data …” „… GDPR’s threshold for claiming immaterial damages is lower than that of the German legal regime. Data …”

Part IV Solutions to settle the inconsistencies S. 206-258

„… on Art. 85 (1) GDPRArt. 85 (1) GDPR as a stand-alone opening clauseAn extensive reading of …” „… needs.Counterarguments for the independent nature of Art. 85 (1) GDPRMany scholars argue that Art. 85 (1) GDPR is a mere …” „… (1) GDPR.Nevertheless, one must be very cautious and refrained in interpreting the opening clauses to …”

Part V Conclusions S. 259-264

„… his or her images and monitor unlawful exploitation.Merchandising under the GDPRThesis 7: The GDPR …” „… the GDPR.Thesis 13: The high-level data protection in the GDPR is generally very costly and unfriendly …” „… hollowing out of the GDPR’s effect as a directly applicable EU Regulation. Moreover, the significantly …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… understanding of the terminology in the GDPRiii.98To apply Art. 6 (1) (f) GDPR rightfully(2) 101Table of …” „… legal regime and the GDPR regarding merchandisingPart III171Introduction1. 171The GDPR’s regulation in …” „… MIPLC StudiesPersonality Merchandising and the GDPR: An Insoluble Conflict?Jingzhou Sun42NomosMIPLC …”

Introduction S. 21-27

„… IntroductionThe research questionsThe GDPR’s broad scope of application and its supremacy over …” „… together. If the GDPR’s regulation in this respect is not appropriate or reasonable, a spin-off result …” „… comparison with the rights and obligations under the GDPR.Bienemann examines whether digitalization has …”

Bibliography S. 265-282

„… territorial scope of the GDPR (Article 3), Version 2.1, 2019.EDPB, Guidelines 2/2019 on the processing of …” „… personal data under Article 6(1)(b) GDPR in the context of the provision of online services to data …” „… Persönlichkeitsrechts, GRUR 2004, 801.Körner, Kevin, GDPR – boosting or choking Europe’s data economy?, Deutsche Bank …”

Part I Substantive legal protection for merchandising in Germany S. 28-70

„… point for comparing the German legal regime and the GDPR.Chapter 2 recounts the German legal protection …” „… GDPR is more informative in the long-term perspective.The clickbait case24The defendant owns a TV …” „… the GDPR: the landlady case and the company-advertising case. The landlady case25The plaintiff, a …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748936923

Daniel Rücker, Tobias Kugler - New European General Data Protection Regulation

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Daniel Rücker (ed.), Tobias Kugler (ed.)

New European General Data Protection Regulation

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

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B. Scope of application of the GDPR Daniel Rücker S. 9-48

„… B. Scope of application of the GDPR I. Material scope of application Pursuant to GDPR, art. 2 …” „… the GDPR. Unless any exemptions apply (see section B.I.1.b), → mn. 59 et seqq.), the definition and …” „… interpretation of these key terms decides about what is within or out of the material scope of the GDPR. As shown …”

D. General conditions for data processing in companies under the GDPR Joachim Schrey S. 105-194

„… to attain lawfulness of the data transmission. Responsibility for GDPR-compliance The GDPR does not …” „… responsibility for GDPR-compliance to the DPO; due to the DPO’s role to monitor compliance with the GDPR (cf …” „… D. General conditions for data processing in companies under the GDPR Business entities processing …”

C. Lawful processing of personal data in companies under the General Data Protection Regulation Sebastian DienstLawful processing of personal data in companies under the GDPR S. 49-104

„… . Principles relating to processing of personal data from a business perspective GDPR, art. 5 enumerates …” „… processing principles of Directive 95/46, art. 6, the amendments introduced by the GDPR are not revolutionary …” „… principles. Pursuant to GDPR, art. 5, para 1, personal data shall be: – processed lawfully, fairly and in a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… GDPR-compliance ..............................4. 109 Controllers/processors not established in the European Union …” „… new European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) introduces uniform data protection …” „… legislation that will apply directly in all European Member States from 25 May 2018. The GDPR will also serve …”

E. Practical examples Tobias Kugler S. 195-286

„… international organisations laid down in Chapter V of the GDPR are complied with (GDPR, art. 44). Like under the …” „… requirements set forth in GDPR, art. 44 to 50 are complied with, which are intended to ensure that the level of …” „… test must be satisfied. Implementing adequate safeguards in the meaning of GDPR, art. 46 and thereby …”

A. Development and Importance of the Data Protection Reform Daniel Rücker S. 1-8

„… basis of the GDPR Key steps within the legislative procedure The rapid pace of technological innovations …” „… a new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which was issued by the Commission back in January …” „… 2012. After statements of the European Data Protection Supervisor and several Committees, a new GDPR …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276090

Shraddha Kulhari - Building-Blocks of a Data Protection Revolution

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Shraddha Kulhari

Building-Blocks of a Data Protection Revolution

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 35 2018

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IV. Fitting the Blockchain Solution into the GDPR Puzzle S. 38-52

„… begins with a general analysis of the GDPR’s claim to technological neutrality. GDPR: A Technolog(icall)y …” „… ) GDPR_Positi on_Paper_v 1.0.pdf> accessed 30 October 2018. B. GDPR and Blockchain …” „… Fitting the Blockchain Solution into the GDPR Puzzle This chapter assesses the proposal of …”

I. Introduction S. 11-14

„… eventually leading to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).6 The GDPR has replaced the DPD as of 25 …” „… . However, it is still to be seen how well the GDPR juxtaposes itself in the general landscape of data …” „… : Does the GDPR provide a conducive framework for a blockchain based digi‐ tal identity management …”

V. Conclusion S. 53-56

„… GDPR provide a conducive framework for a blockchain based digital identity management tool. The …” „… centre-stage in this discussion on automated pro‐ cessing of personal data and the limitations of the GDPR are …” „… identity within the GDPR would provide the requisite man‐ date for arresting the threat posed by the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… GDPR PuzzleIV. 38 GDPR: A Technolog(icall)y Neutral Law?A. 38 GDPR and Blockchain Technology …” „… Protection Regulation (GDPR) replaced the old and bat‐ tered Data Protection Directive on 25 May 2018 after a …” „… long-drawn re‐ form. The rapidly evolving technological landscape will test the ability of the GDPR to …”

III. Data Protection, Privacy and Identity: A Complex Triad S. 23-37

„… manner in which the GDPR is worded. Although unlike its predecessor, the GDPR does not contain any …” „… premise that data processing is inadvertent. Accordingly, it follows that the GDPR contains detailed …” „… community or a ‘discovered category’).56 The GDPR contains a jargon-free definition of profiling which is …”

List of Works Cited S. 57-62

„… ). < https://www.bundesblock.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/GDPR_Position _Paper_v 1.0.pdf > Christian Lundkvist, Rouven Heck, Joel Torstensson, Zac …” „… Malgorzata Steiner, ‘Blockchain Technology and the GDPR: How to Reconcile Privacy and Distributed Ledgers …” „… =2505692> Blockchain Bundesverbrand, ‘Blockchain, data protection, and the GDPR’ (May 2018 …”

II. The Midas touch of Blockchain: Leveraging it for Data Protection S. 15-22

„… Before we jump in to the rabbit hole that is the relationship between blockchain and the GDPR, a brief …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845294025

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