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Maria De Benedetto, Nicola Lupo, Nicoletta Rangone - The crisis of confidence in legislation

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Maria De Benedetto (ed.), Nicola Lupo (ed.), Nicoletta Rangone (ed.)

The crisis of confidence in legislation

Series: International Association of Legislation (IAL) / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesetzgebung (DGG)

Volume 19 2020

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Manuela Guggeis The Responsibility of the European Legislator and of the National Parliaments for Improving Relations between European Citizens and EU Institutions S. 259-284

„… The Responsibility of the European Legislator and of the National Parliaments for Improving …” „… for Improving Confidence in the European Legislator - 3.1 The National Par‐ liaments and the …” „… European Legislator1 has a long and troubled history that has been marked with regular crises. 1. 1 A …”

José Esteve Pardo Antiparliamentary Thought and Crisis of Confidence in Legislation. A Historical Approach S. 49-68

„… Constitutional Courts in the different European states. They were created shortly after the end of the Second …” „… European public life at the present time. This fact is the advent of the masses to full social power". This …” „… attitude of marked prevention, where not open disdain, of a good part of the European intellectuality to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… regulator, can participate in the political dialogue. A European legislator should directly address its …” „… of the European Legislator and of the National Parliaments for Improving Relations between European …” „… European Parliament. The topic of the Conference “The Crisis of Confidence in Legislation” was articulated …”

Maria De Benedetto The Crisis of Confidence in Legislation: an Overview S. 15-48

„… ‘ and, finally, Manuela Guggeis, ‘The responsibility oft he European Legislator and of the National Par …” „… individual countries but also at European and global level.5 The problem has assumed unexpected and …” „… all Member States of the European Union - about the views of Europeans since 1973. In order to analyse …”

Ulrich Karpen Confidence in Legislation as a Regulatory (and Administrative) Problem S. 69-82

„… , social, economic problems, but for other global, European, and national challenges of parliaments and …” „… International Treaties or decisions of the European Union,is re‐ duced, if compared with the national sphere …” „… . European activity requires 2. 1 Colin Crouch, Postdemokratie (Suhrkamp, 12th edn., 2008) 101; Christoph …”

Patricia Popelier The Duty of Parliament to Adopt Reliable Legislation: Linking Trust in Parliament with Legitimate Expectations S. 243-258

„… by less than half of the population.2 Out of 18 EU Member States included in the European Social …” „… ‐ gation into the relation between political trust and support for law compliance’ (2011) European Journal …” „… the institutions of the European Union: a cross-country examination’, in European Integration online …”

Nicola Lupo Confidence or Diffidence in Law-Making? The Evolution of the “Normative Role” of the Italian Government S. 197-224

„… of the European integration. The fact is that, in Italy, the Executive's increased role has, however …” „… and Enzo Cheli, 'Statute and Statutory Instrument in the Evolu‐ tion of European Constitutional …” „… legislator, even more 4. Confidence or Diffidence in Law-Making? 207 so when the principles and criteria are …”

Giovanni Rizzoni How Can Parliaments Help Improve Citizens' Confidence in Legislation? S. 225-242

„… ‐ dinated efforts to this effect. This is the case of the European Union that launched in the year 2000 a …” „… comprehensive ‘Better Regulation’ pro‐ gramme involving the three European institutions vested with normative 2 …” „… Parliaments Help Improve Citizens' Confidence in Legislation? 229 powers: the Commission, the European …”

Elena Griglio Improving Confidence in Legislation via Better Regulation Tools: the Strategic Role of Parliaments S. 147-168

„… ‘rule of law’’ (2012) Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 248 ff. Kalipso Nïcolaidis, ‘European Democracy …” „… formally dependent upon MPs’ election as legislators,11 current legislative trends reveal that the final …” „… agenda of the European Union, where the Commission played a major role 2. 12 Stephen Weatherhill, Better …”

Nicoletta Rangone Effective Consultation as a Tool for Trust S. 121-146

„… Regulatory Reform: Synthesis, 1997, 29-30), and by European institutions (see European Commission, Smart …” „… regulation in European union, COM(2010)543 def.). 3 Cary Coglianese, Richard Zeckhauser, ‘Seeking truth for …” „… Regulation Practices across the European Union (OECD Publishing 2019) 40. 6 Justification is the way for …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748907244

Sung-Kyung Yi - Zwingende Erfordernisse als Grenze für den europäischen Gesetzgeber

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Sung-Kyung Yi

Zwingende Erfordernisse als Grenze für den europäischen Gesetzgeber

Series: Schriftenreihe Europäisches Recht, Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 385 2016

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Schlussbetrachtung S. 185-200

„… including EU harmonisation measures. The European legislator is therefore also obliged to consider the …” „… requirements relating to the public interest and economic interests. In these cases, the European legislator …” „… . In general, the European legislator has the following two alternatives when considering the mandatory …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… SummaryC. 192 Findings: Dogmatics of mandatory requirements as a limit for the European legislator D. 196 …” „… der Europäischen Gemeinschaft ELRev. European Law Review EMRK Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention …” „… EuGH Europäischer Gerichtshof EuGRZ Europäische Grundrechte-Zeitschrift 17 EU European Union EuR …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265032

Martina Eckardt, Christian Schubel - Wettbewerb der Gesellschaftsrechtsordnungen in Ost-Mitteleuropa?

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Martina Eckardt (ed.), Christian Schubel (ed.)

Wettbewerb der Gesellschaftsrechtsordnungen in Ost-Mitteleuropa?

Series: Andrássy Studien zur Europaforschung

Volume 16 2016

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Lars Hornuf, Julia Lindner The End of Regulatory Competition in European Company Law? S. 115-138

„… of Regulatory Competition in European Company Law? 121 sumers of the law. If the legislator is not …” „… conclude that European legislators initially overreacted in their legislative undertakings and that the …” „… introducing the SE. First, the European legislator wanted to establish a supranational legal form to realize …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845256658

Helmut Satzger - Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europäischen Union

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Helmut Satzger (ed.)

Harmonisierung strafrechtlicher Sanktionen in der Europäischen Union

Series: Schriften zum Internationalen und Europäischen Strafrecht

Volume 41 2020

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European Criminal Policy Initiative Category Model for the Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in Europe S. 707-742

„… the European legislator with alternative possibilities of harmonisation and therefore contribute to a …” „… ) national criminal legislator.41 This is particularly problematic when such European requirements lead to …” „… between the EU and the Member States. While the European legislator autonomously defines the severity of …”

Satzger, Linder, Pohlmann Research Report S. 35-46

„… states that detailed penal requirements from the European legislator, such as concrete EU penal …” „… both to enforce the values of the European legislator and to avoid the implementation problems …” „… have arisen to date.14 The result was a harmonisation model in which the European legislator confines …”

Caeiro, Costa Country Report Portugal S. 379-426

„… European instruments on criminal law, meaning that the Portuguese legislator has implemented all types of …” „… third place, the national legislator does sometimes over-implement European law. Being itself an awkward …” „… suspended execution of imprisonment 3.3.2. 415 Forest arson3.3.3. 416 Relations to European law4. 416 …”

Linder Results of the Complementary Investigations S. 641-664

„… maximum limit for penalties which is significantly higher than the European legislator had ac- 28 This …” „… non-European legal systems, there are likely to be much greater differences in this respect, as can be seen …” „… different combinations of minima and maxima are used in the twelve legal systems examined. From a European …”

Elholm Country Report Denmark S. 77-108

„… . 102 Alternatives to paying a fine3.3. 104 Relations to European law4. 104 Sanction types employed to …” „… implement EU-provisions on „criminal offences“ 4.1. 104 Difficulties when implementing European legal acts …” „… Androhung von 7 Elholm, “Does EU Criminal Cooperation Necessarily Mean Increased Repression?”, European …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… European legislator with a model that can take into account several factors: On the one hand, the European …” „… .) Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union Nomos Schriften zum Internationalen und …” „… Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the European Union Nomos BUT_Satzger_6081-7.indd 3 03.02.20 12:49 …”

Satzger, Linder, Neumann, Zimmermann Questionnaire – Harmonisation of Criminal Sanctions in the EU S. 769-792

„… primarily be the European legislator. In addition, the guidelines can help member states to properly …” „… European legislator. When in doubt, please only mention the respective aspect briefly. If appropriate, we …” „… of EU law conceivable? 6.3.1. Which concrete requirements imposed by the European legislator would …”

Nieto-Martín, Muñoz de Morales Romero, Rodríguez Yagüe Country Report Spain S. 149-184

„… legislator has a wide scope of appreciation in order to determine the nature and seriousness of sanctions …” „… legislator determines the abstract penalty for each offence, establishing the type of penalty and its length …” „… expressly taken into account by the legislator.48 In order to understand the importance of the mitigating …”

Bogdan Country Report Romania S. 427-454

„… European legislator for those offences in need of harmonisation at the Union level. This task was not a …” „… criminal fine3.4. 452 427 The relationship with criminal sanctions prescribed in the European criminal law …” „… definition of the term “criminal sanction”3. Instead, the legislator decided to list the criminal penalties …”

Frände, Helenius, Suominen Country Report Finland S. 185-216

„… . 201 Legislator’s discretion regarding the provision of criminal sanctions1.6. 201 Sentencing2. 202 …” „… Possibilities or obligations to adapt the penalty to special circumstances3.7. 213 Relations to European law4 …” „… when implementing European legal acts regarding the law on sanctions 4.2. 214 Essential literature on …”

Foffani, Viganò Country Report Italy S. 295-332

„… execution of a fine3.4. 329 Relations to European law4. 330 Sanction types employed to implement …” „… EU-provisions on “criminal offences” 4.1. 330 Difficulties when implementing European legal acts regarding the …” „… “non-criminal” sanctions. In these cases the European Court, applying the well-known Engel-criteria, has …”

Linder, Neumann, Pohlmann Comparative Conclusion S. 517-540

„… of a Custodial Sentence or a Monetary Fine3.3. 535 Relations to European Law4. 538 Difficulties in …” „… discretion of the legislator which is generally rather broad due to constitutional concepts. Differentiation …” „… European and South European Member States, the former imposing rather moderate maximum penalties of under …”

Asp, Holmgren Country Report Sweden S. 455-488

„… However, to a large extent, the legislator can be said to be bound by the requirements of proportionality …” „… statutory minimum and maximum of an offence) set by the legislator. For natural reasons, the court's ability …” „… to give a proportionate sentence is affected by the framework provided by the legislator …”

Zimmermann Strafrechtliche Sanktionen und das Recht der Europäischen Union: eine Bestandsaufnahme S. 577-614

„… Schlussfolgerungen5. 610 Abstract – Synopsis on criminal sanctions and EU law de lege lata The influences of European …” „… as well as (albeit quite occasional) professional bans. When the Union legislator makes use of a …” „… established in the CJEU’s “Greek maize” judgement. To that extent, however, the Union legislator has no …”

Leblois-Happe, Frinchaboy Länderbericht Frankreich S. 217-252

„… legislation requires criminal sanctions, the French legislator generally provides for monetary or custodial …” „… sentences. Although no problems concerning the transposition of European legal acts into French law have …” „… occurred so far, the French legislator’s measure of transposition is often not taken in time. Such delay …”

Satzger, Kaspar, Linder, Neumann Länderbericht Deutschland S. 109-148

„… principle, the legislator is free to choose between these types of penalties. However, for a certain core of …” „… offences, the German legislator provides for prison sentences and/or fines. If EU law does not specify …” „… of sanctions are used by the German legislator. However, regarding the sanctioning of legal persons …”

Bitzilekis, Kaiafa-Gbandi, Symeonidou-Kastanidou Länderbericht Griechenland S. 253-294

„… prescribes imposition of criminal sanctions, up until so far, the Greek legislator only provided for …” „… the sanctions provided for in European instruments. This is very much due to the fact that Greek …” „… arise when the EU legislator sets minimum maximum penalties that do not correspond to the maximum …”

Steinborn Länderbericht Polen S. 333-378

„… coherence of the system of penalties in the Polish Penal Code is heavily disputed. The legislator very often …” „… more important to the legislator than others. The rules of sentencing are laid down in the statutes …” „… legislatorischer Mängel der neuen Bestimmungen – diese weisen nicht nur eine Reihe von Widersprüchen und Lücken auf …”

Fuchs, Zerbes, Stricker Länderbericht Österreich S. 47-76

„… legislator is in principle free to choose whether to use criminal or administrative sanctions, but …” „… sometimes an alternative fine. Until now, transposing European provisions did not lead to major difficulties …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902102

José Martinez - Jahrbuch des Agrarrechts

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José Martinez (ed.)

Jahrbuch des Agrarrechts

Series: Schriften zum Agrar-, Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutzrecht

Volume 72 2013

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Anna Kapała The Concept of Agrotourism in the EU Law and National Laws S. 131-144

„… terminology of the European Community via the regional policy. However, the legislator failed to specify the …” „… initiatives undertaken by all entities operating in rural areas. The European legislator does not distinguish …” „… as the European Union law is concerned, first of all it should be clarified that there is no such …”

Teresa Kurowska, Dorota Łobos-Kotowska Diversification of the agricultural activities - Comparative legal analysis of the selected questions S. 115-130

„… should be sought in the European regulations concerning structural policy 1 , beginning from the …” „… under the grants from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF) from the financial …” „… Regulation no. 1257/99 of 17 th May 1999 6 . The proposal of assistance from the European Agricultural …”

Kamila BłaŜejewska Biomass and agricultural land use in the EU, Polish, German and French regulations S. 163-173

„… resources, biological diversity, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The European Union (the EU) set out …” „… biodegradable fraction from industrial and municipal wastes. 3 Directive 2009/28/EC of the European …” „… Projections as Published in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans of the European Member States, Petten …”

Roman Budzinowski Agrarrecht als Wissenschaft S. 11-26

„… 22 A. Germanò, E. Rook Basile, Diritto agrario, Torino 2006. 23 European Food Law, red. L. Costato …” „… legislatorischen Vorschläge, eher die Ökonomen, als Agrarjuristen äußerten28. Größeren Einfluss hatte die …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250311

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