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Christina Altides - Making EU Politics Public

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Christina Altides

Making EU Politics Public

Series: Regieren in Europa | Governance in Europe

Volume 16 2009

Results in this title

Analysing EU institutional communication activities S. 81-85

„… Analysing EU institutional communication activitiesA necessary prerequisite to explaining communication …” „… of the analysis of concrete EP and Commission communicationefforts.In fact, EU institutions are …” „… , than the analysis of communication material dealing with the general purpose of the EU and the …”

Explaining EU institutional communication efforts S. 78-80

„… closely looked at in the empirical analysis.2.4 Explaining EU institutional communication efforts This …” „… project aims at exploring the characteristic features of EU institutional communication practices that are …” „… the communication development process:Question Set (QS) 1: To what extent do EU institutional …”

Implications for EU institutional communication S. 61-62

„… for EU institutional communicationOne has to acknowledge that, overall, public communication by EU …” „… or quest for astronger intra-institutional focus when analysing EU institutional communication …” „… involved in institutional communication activities. Information and communication subdivisions in each …”

Enhancing EU legitimacy through public communication? S. 19-23

„… communication efforts. Section 1.2 will examinethe main components of the wide-spread notion of an EU …” „… communication deficit,before 1.3 sets out to present different approaches to explaining EU …” „… institutionalcommunication performance. The last section of this chapter points out the limitations of EU communications …”

External boundaries to EU institutional communication S. 39-45

„… the last part of this section (1.3.4).1.3.1 External boundaries to EU institutional communicationThe …” „… 39This research project will analyse concrete EU institutional communication efforts in a …” „… efforts,but can also give a fresh impetus to literature explaining the EU’s communication deficit – as will be …”

Researching the EU institutional communication deficit S. 38-39

„… section (1.3.4).1.3.1 External boundaries to EU institutional communicationThe EU institutions face a …” „… explicitly looking at the responsive and participatory elements in EU institutional public communication …” „… .1.2.3 Researching the EU institutional communication deficitIn view of the flourishing debate on the …”

The characteristics of EU institutional press communication S. 201-203

„… earlier qualitative content analysis. 8.1 The characteristics of EU institutional press communicationFrom …” „… , citizens and scholars are far from satisfied with the current EU institutional communication practices …” „… . According to research, EU institutional communication does not meet either normative or professional …”

Explaining the EU institutions’ communication deficit S. 52-53

„… 's PR activities were rather non-professional.1.3.4 Explaining the EU institutions' communication …” „… explaininstitutional communications from the perspective of viewing EU institutional behaviour as being conditioned or …” „… one of many influential factors on EU communication, but move it to the centre of the analysis in …”

EU institutional communication: between expectations and performance S. 112-114

„… out the extent to which the characteristic traits of the everyday EU institutional press communication …” „… information. This (media) feedback option was constantly present in the EP press material.4.2 EU institutional …” „… communication: between expectations and performance From a normative and a media-professional perspective, the …”

Beyond the empirics: Theorising on EU institutional communication S. 207-210

„… EU institutional communicationIn view of the results shown, a number of expectations can be …” „… communication by EU political actors has to be considered an action thatinvolves both the institutional level …” „… EP and Commission communication of responsiveness can finally be traced back both to (unclear …”

Introduction S. 15-18

„… make European politics public. Indeed, EU institutional communication efforts have increasingly been …” „… from the public’s attention, involvement, knowledge and control. EU communication efforts have been …” „… reformulating or drawing up from scratch EU communication policies to strengthen the EU institutions’ awareness …”

The changing role of institutional communication throughout the integration process S. 26-30

„… potential of institutional public communication. Overall, the theoretical literature on why EU institutions …” „… should engage in communication is scarce, particularly on the EP. References to EU institutional …” „… changing EU institutional communication behaviour over time. These studies have not necessarily succeeded …”

What should EU institutions communicate? S. 30-35

„… and critical EU25, the Commission finally, once more upgradedits communication structures, not only by …” „… ’ overall legitimacy. Many people would agree that EU institutional communication is becoming an urgent …” „… communication practices. The analysts sharing this dissatisfaction have introduced the notion of an ‘EU …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-11

„… Christina AltidesMaking EU Politics PublicHow the EU institutions develop public communication Nomos1 …” „… Looking for the relevance of communication in EU research 191.1.1 Enhancing EU legitimacy through public …” „… institutional communication throughout the integration process 261.2 The notion of an EU communication deficit …”

Why should the EP and the Commission communicate? S. 23-26

„… taking a more differrentiated look at ‘EU communication’ and examining concrete communication roles of …” „… expected to) engagein public communications than others. The Council, the EU’s intergovernmentalinstitution …” „… necessarily met – a broad perception of EU institutional communication in all member states and the prominence …”

What the documents say: The official line to take S. 115-122

„… 1155 Why and how to make EU politics public:Institutional communication intentionsWe have looked at …” „… exemplary policies and assessed them against external expectations of EU institutional communication efforts …” „… institutions’ own intentions when dealing with public communications? To what extent do EU institutional …”

How EU institutions do not communicate what they are expected to S. 35-38

„… clear is that criticism of EU institutional communication itself falls far below expectations, as it is …” „… communication does not offer good opportunities for dramatisation. As a consequence, political news about EU …” „… analysis of media coverage and (professional) evaluation of EU institutional communication by journalists …”

References S. 213-227

„… Public Spheres,Political Mobilisation, Public Communication and the EU, 20-22 June 2003, Berlin …” „… : http://www.euractiv.com/en/opinion/reports-highlightweaknesses-commission-communication-strategy/article-157715, retrieved: 10 December 2006. European Commission (2006): Flash Eurobarometer 189a. EU …” „… Communication and the citizens General Public Survey. http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_189a_en.pdf …”

Conclusion S. 210-212

„… an institutional crisis.8.5 ConclusionPublic communication by EU political actors has to be …” „… usually judge these by such ambitious standards as we judge EU institutional communication. …” „… 210the final say on what institutional communication should look like – be it through formal or …”

Document analysis S. 85-88

„… , communications and resolutions referring to EU institutional communication activities in general. They were …” „… to seriously call on the Commission to reconsider the EU institutional public communication efforts …” „… communication?- To what extent can EU institutions benefit from communicating publicly?Norms- Why do actors …”

Corporate institutional actors – beyond unitary conceptions S. 54-57

„… assumptions underlying these findings: a) EU institutions seek to use communications strategically as a tool …” „… nature of institutional communicatorsIn the literature review on EU institutional communications, we have …” „… into consideration when analysing EU institutional communication. In these accounts, communicating EU …”

The many communicators in the EP and the Commission S. 57-61

„… communicationstrategyDirectorate General (DG) CommunicationDirectorate AStrategyA1: General affairs & instit. relationsA2 …” „… .2.1.3 Implications for EU institutional communicationOne has to acknowledge that, overall, public …” „… communication by EU political actorshas to be considered an action involving both the institutional level and …”

On communicating responsiveness S. 129-136

„… attempt to define an EU communication policy. […] We deliberately decided that we wanted to have something …” „… “foster consensus in the EP” (EC IN7, 37), or as long as member states ‘plan their system’ before EU …” „… reasons why institutional communication should be responsive or display responsiveness. They particularly …”

The timing of and occasions for institutional press communication S. 94-98

„… featuring only in the middle and at the very end of its communications.On the other hand, the overall …” „… put into practice in actual communicationefforts? Who is presented as responsible for EU action in the …” „… communication entail a plurality of views? And how close does the communicationmaterial come to citizens, as far …”

Situational and individual constraints S. 70-73

„… actors’ communication potential has also been of interest to communication researchers at EU level –not …” „… regard to general external boundaries to EU institutional communication efforts, as presented in 1.3.1 …” „… some of the most recent EU institutional communication studies. Yet, the author would argue that these …”

On communicating political responsibility S. 122-125

„… project has focused to analyse EU institutional communication material, are not only taken on board as …” „… communication policy documents.In the previous chapter we had already determined a discrepancy between external …” „… expectations and actual institutional communication practices. Seeing now, that apart from few exceptions …”

Actor patterns of intentional differences S. 139-144

„… communicationFigure 2a: Differences regarding communication intentions in the EPEP Administration- Brussels vs …” „… CommissionCommunications orientation:Representations in Member StatesDG CommunicationDay-to-day agenda vs. longterm …” „… communication-related rules and serving journalists’ requirements; at the same time, however, they are employed by the …”

Critical evaluation S. 91-93

„… can also be observed in EU institutional communication officers as a whole. Thus, this bias can – to a …” „… balanced picture of EU communication policies and the political procedures involved (see Denzin 1989; Flick …” „… explore the extent to which characteristic features of EU institutional communication practices can be …”

Communication of political responsibility? S. 98-103

„… communication. In both institutions’ press material, member states, societal actors or other EU institutional …” „… expectations put into practice in actual communicationefforts? Who is presented as responsible for EU action in …” „… communication entail a plurality of views? And how close does the communicationmaterial come to citizens, as far …”

The institutional communication development process S. 203-206

„… analysing EU institutional communication output and assessing the results against expectations drawn from …” „… EU institutions develop their public communication activities internally. The empirical results …” „… other EU political actors’ activities and positions (‘fighting the blame game’).Conflict communication …”

Shifting from structural to actor-centred explanations S. 47-52

„… such an ‘internal look’ upon EU communication have identified three main problem areas: a lack of …” „… explaininstitutional communications from the perspective of viewing EU institutional behaviour as being conditioned or …” „… situation (ibid.).1.3.3.2 Problems with coordinating institutional communicationIn the EP literature, little …”

On the absence of any communication intentions S. 136-139

„… (that might run parallel to, but also support MEPs communication efforts) at EU and at national level in …” „… institutions and possibly the EU as a whole. They perceive communication to be an ‘institutional duty’, or as …” „… ‘responsive communication’ seems to offer a wide spectrum for interpretation, and indeed, it is perceived very …”

Relating the development process to the institutional press release features S. 206-207

„… responsiveness at all.8.4 Moving beyond the empirics: Theorising on EU institutional communicationIn view of the …” „… 206agreement process on institutional communication aims. Organisational structures and processes …” „… (organisational) responsibilitiesof certain communication entities do not correspond with their formal and …”

Formal institutional obstacles S. 45-47

„… ‘internal look’ upon EU communication have identified three main problem areas: a lack of determination to …” „… communication. However, both are not only challenged by their external environment, but also by internal …” „… ’. Concerning the scarce resources, both institutions have to manage their communication activities on a …”

On communicating conflict S. 125-129

„… to the Commission, EP communication is not confined to presenting one institutional standpoint (EP IN …” „… , the communication of conflict positions within the EP is closely related to the communication of …” „… (seequotation p.125, EP IN1, 4). The generosity towards conflict communication applies also to the communication …”

Analysing EU institutional internal capability structures S. 90-91

„… consider to have a considerable impact on their communication efforts.3.3 Analysing EU institutional …” „… Europeans) in communication positions can also be observed in EU institutional communication officers as a …” „… category-system with new and so far theoretically underdeveloped aspects that the communication actors themselves …”

The European Parliament S. 183-185

„… observed the principal relationship between the EU institutional communication intentions and their (press …” „… social restrictions onindividual actors or entities in the EU institutional communication …” „… 1837 The two institutions’ communication capacities: Social restrictionsIn chapter 4 and 5 we …”

Communication of diversity of opinions? S. 103-107

„… 1034.2.2 Communication of diversity of opinions?We have seen that the EP press material featured a …” „… communication was that this main issue of political conflict was broken down into a number of concrete and …” „… the application (“Should EU legislation also affect products from non-EUcountries?”, EP IP, 20.01.05 …”

Communication intentions: the Services Directive and REACH S. 144-149

„… are largely in line with the external expectations of EU institutional communication. Thus, they too …” „… 1445.4 Institutional communication intentions: the Services Directive and REACHHow can general …” „… institutional intention structures and possible specific communication intentions, having been expressed with …”

Conflicting public communication intentions S. 68-70

„… , self-reflexive and yet so purposeful activity,like public communications.Conflict cannot only arise between norms …” „… ). Ideally window-in and window-out communication would not only be linked in a strategic, but also in a …” „… communication, but also to shape political decisions accordingly (see Kleebinder 1995, p.129; Meyer1999). In …”

Organisational constraints: procedures and structures S. 73-76

„… some of the most recent EU institutional communication studies. Yet, the author would argue that these …” „… communication and thus have considerable potential for explaining main traits of EU institutional communication …” „… entities. Relevant formal procedures would entail standardised action 29 There are no EU communication …”

Norm-oriented motives for public communication S. 62-65

„… for public communicationAs seen in chapter one, EU institutional communication activities have often …” „… the development of public communication. In this way, the core concepts underlying the two sections …” „… their intentions into practice (2.3).2.2 Public communications and the intentionality of human (social …”

Communication of responsiveness? S. 107-112

„… press material.4.2 EU institutional communication: between expectations and performance From a normative …” „… communication was less ‘aggressive’. It did not so much criticise particular stances or the state of …” „… , 13.12.05).Finally, the conflict intensity in the Commission’s communication was – as had been with the EP …”

Social constraints: political power and social profile S. 76-78

„… closely looked at in the empirical analysis.2.4 Explaining EU institutional communication efforts This …” „… project aims at exploring the characteristic features of EU institutional communication practices that are …” „… or ready to adapt their activities to communication and communication-related organisation concerns …”

Limits to monitoring structures and procedures S. 169-172

„… Relations – don’t have their own communication strategies. They do have it, they continue to have it, but …” „… ), and the number of yearly communication priorities – namely 19 – is still much higher than the DG COMM …” „… . Monitoring has been seen to be intended both for the planning of general EP communication activities as well …”

Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… General for Communication in the European CommissionDG Info Directorate General for Information in the …” „… , Public Health and Food SafetyEP European ParliamentEU European UnionIMCO Committee on Internal Market and …” „… Committee on Culture and EducationDG Directorat General COMM for Communication in the European …”

Interviews S. 88-90

„… consider to have a considerable impact on their communication efforts.3.3 Analysing EU institutional …” „… officials responsible for matters of institutional communication and took placein Brussels between March …” „… institutional entities involved in matters of communication at all levels (see chapter 2). Furthermore, the …”

Monitoring structures S. 153-155

„… IN14, 17ff.). This has actuallycontributed to a closed linkage between communication and political …” „… the institutionalisation of communication activities at early policy-makingstages (EC IN11, 28; EC IN …” „… the communication strategy level” (EP IN3, 36).6.1.2 Monitoring structures Both the EP’s and the …”

Planning structures S. 150-153

„… empiricaldata on EU institutional, communication-related organisational structures and processes.1516.1.1 …” „… 1506 The two institutions’ communication ability: Organisational constraintsIntentions can …” „… , determine institutional communication practices on their own. They may determine the communication options …”

Organisational constraints: the Services Directive and REACH S. 178-182

„… communication(which alone has the right to initiate policy), as well as intra-institutional procedures. Regarding the …” „… 178of the Commission President and the Commissioner for Communication. Coordination structures …” „… apply only at the lower, executive level, leaving the communication staff very little room to deviate …”

Coordination structures S. 155-161

„… communication.Every unit in Directorate A, the Directorate responsible for media communication, isinternally …” „… CommunicationDirectorateGeneralCoordinationDir.-General,DirectorsPolicy expertsCooperationFigure3b:Coordination processes when developing Commission institutional press …” „… ; EC IN6, 14ff.),even if it is supported at some points by the DG’s communication units (EC IN14, 9 …”

Limits of coordination structures and procedures S. 172-178

„… capacities in organising the communication development internally. Instead, one has to see beyond formal …” „… evaluating EU institutional monitoring structures, the hesitation or problems involved in using them are the …” „… havingenough time resources to engage in active on-site communication activities (see above).„Je mehr man …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845220123

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Bernd Spanier

Europe, anyone?

Series: Kommunikation in Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 4 2012

Results in this title

Conclusion: Complexity as the Key Factor in EU Communication S. 87-92

„… Key Factor in EU CommunicationThis chapter has listed some of the decisive context factors that affect …” „… the communication flows within the EU and between the EU and its member states. The common denominator …” „… seem to be at the core of the question of why EU topicsseem to be underrepresented within the …”

Conclusion S. 144-154

„… prospects of new means of communication.Empirical Results: Media Relations in the EU – A twofold AffairThe …” „… political communication activities, the 27 spokespersons represent the decisiveactors as far as the EU …” „… EU’s communication initiatives such as the «White Paper onCommunication Policy» or «Communicating …”

The Task: Bridging the «Communication Gap» S. 96-98

„… Table IV.1: Overview on the two Strands of EU Political CommunicationSegments EU Expert Sphere …” „… the «EU Expert Sphere« Evolution of «Public Domain Sphere« The «communication gap» is the …” „… «communication gap» did not act as a functional systemic barrier to the political process, because the EU …”

Research Gap: Routine Information Provision in the EU S. 17-19

„… shapepolitical communication. It can provide only few insights about how EU coverage is actuallyproduced in the …” „… White Paper on Communication Policy2006 a, the interest in EU media relations has markedly improved and …” „… look at the problem at hand. It analyses the differentaspects of the EU «communication deficit» on the …”

At the Centre of European Media Relations S. 98-100

„… about how the EU functions andwhat it stands for,95 notably by communication to a general public …” „… withtypical EU communication phenomena such as the «blame game» on a daily basis.They are familiar with the …” „… audience of specialised EU stakeholders, mirroring the logic of «issue-related cooperation between …”

Research Interest: A Deficient EU Media Relations Policy? S. 13-17

„… communicating with itscitizens is what has commonly become known as the EU’s «communicationdeficit».The effects …” „… . The EU’s«communication deficit» would thus be to blame, at least to a certain extent, on afailed EU …” „… «communication deficit» in the context of the results of this study?What is the scope of EU media relations …”

The European Public Sphere(s) – Expert Circles vs. General Public S. 92-96

„… debate.95Table IV.1: Overview on the two Strands of EU Political CommunicationSegments EU Expert Sphere …” „… to makevalid statements about the efficiency of EU political communication and the natureof political …” „… and with a prime emphasis on interpersonal communication.While this might be the case for some …”

References S. 155-172

„… / Schröder,Roland (2008): Understanding the Complexity of EU Communication. The Spokespersons’ Perspective (pp …” „… the European Elections: the CommunicationChallenge. Le «non” irlandais: un rejet de l’Europe? In: Le …” „… and Communication.European Commission (2008 a): Special Eurobarometer 69.2. The 2009 European …”

Qualitative Analysis S. 122-142

„… aspects of EU policies. In termsof communication, it is obvious that there are two different audiences to …” „… apersisting problem for EU communication, as a majority of European citizens statethat television is their …” „… that shapes so much of EU communication. Interestingly, elementsof «conflict» are indeed perceived as …”

Structure of the Study S. 19-20

„… differentaspects of the EU «communication deficit» on the basis of an historical overviewof EU crises and their …” „… response of EU institutions byscrutinizing the most important communication initiatives since Maastricht …” „… political communication in the EU. This section describesa number of specific European conditions that act …”

The failed Ratification of the European Constitution S. 21-26

„… information and awareness campaigns and a series of EU initiatives to improve communication since the early …” „… picture of the debate.A «Problem» of Communication? A brief History of EU CrisesThe failed Ratification of …” „… . These apparent shortcomings in the EU’s strategic communication can also be observed in earlier crises …”

Division over Post-Maastricht Communication Strategies S. 33-35

„… political communication in the EU.Summing up, the debate on Maastricht presented a turning point with regard …” „… tothe EU’s communication and information policy (cf. Gramberger 1997: 216 f). Itwas a first sign that …” „… CommunicatingEurope» as a first step of a new EU communication policy designed to adopt concrete measures within the …”

Conclusion: A Review of European Communication Policy S. 42-44

„… Information» (IGI), thepolicy structure for agreeing EU communication strategy and selecting …” „… communication management» with regard to the EU’sefforts to «public sphere building» from above as outlined e.g …” „… the public debate on EU issues» (European Commission 2007: 5).The Commission itself should reinforce …”

Preface S. 7-12

„… » – between public Myth andreal Concern3.65A Framework for EU CommunicationIV. 68Specific European Conditions1 …” „… «communication deficit», the heightened awareness of Europe that thedebt crisis has created in the European media …” „… . While it is currently too early to predict how the EU will fare inthis precarious situation, it is clear …”

Communicating Europe in Partnership S. 41-42

„… ), thepolicy structure for agreeing EU communication strategy and selecting commoncommunication priorities for …” „… informationflow between the EU and national parliaments (European Commission 2007:11). A better communication …” „… Communication,and with a view to the role played by the European Parliament and other Europeaninstitutions, the …”

A European Model of Media Relations: The System of Interaction S. 108-111

„… communication process in the EU. Itcould offer an explanation as to why the perception of European affairs …” „… and structural factors shape the political communication process in the EU.111 …” „… political communication two camps can be distinguished: the political system and the media system. As an …”

Action Plan to improve Communicating Europe S. 35-37

„… initiatives. July 2005 saw the «Action Plan for CommunicatingEurope» as a first step of a new EU communication …” „… goal, e.g. more audiovisual communication instead of leaflet distribution, the employment of …” „… information efforts and dialogue has deliveredand introduced greater trust in the EU institutions and their …”

Plan-D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate S. 37-38

„… role of communicationwas recognised by labelling communication policy as a policy in its own right …” „… widerdebate between the EU and its citizens with a more long-term view on the objectiveof reinvigorating …” „… national politicians to use the EU as a scapegoat for unpopular decisions while taking credit forthe …”

International Organisations and the Question of a Democratic Deficit S. 45-49

„… interplay between the parameters «democratic legitimacy» and «political communication».The «Democratic …” „… Communication and Democratic LegitimacyAmong the reasons most often quoted for the failure of the …” „… debate surrounding a «democratic deficit» of the EU is not only of particular importance when debating …”

The European Public Sphere S. 53-59

„… a democratic deficit of the EU. Whiledemocratic accountability in the classic sense of voter power …” „… link the downward spiral of public participation to the fact thatthe functional EU logic of …” „… «legitimisation through output legitimacy» has reachedits limit (cf. Schäfer 2006) or that the EU suffers from a …”

The Maastricht Crisis of 1992-93 S. 28-29

„… widelyregarded as more than just a symbolic move, clearly indicating a new importancegiven to EU communication …” „… matters of communication: individualfailures of Commissioners, a European Parliament adamant about using …” „… communication strategy in view of lessons learned fromthe events in the past. However, while Santer’s successor …”

Conclusion: The «Communication Deficit» – between public Myth and real Concern S. 65-67

„… degree of national segmentation is likely to remain.Conclusion: The «Communication Deficit» – between …” „… public Mythand real ConcernIn the context of the «communication deficit» there is a striking paradox: the …” „… Publications» publishes hundreds of documents everyyear. The «Europa» server www.europa.eu gives free and …”

Methodology S. 112-117

„… on the nature of the EU communication process.V.1.2.105 The study however draws no explicit …” „… conditions providedfor the work of a communication professional in an EU setting. The division of thetopic …” „… «CommunicationDeficit»The objective of this analysis is to detect those factors that are specific to the EUmultilevel system …”

The European Debt Crisis S. 30-33

„… communicationof their positive outputs, EU institutions and member states are nowadays increasingly under pressure …” „… member states’ increasing use of referenda on EU treaties thatmay present one of the main communicative …” „… EuropeanUnion as shown in figure II.1.31Figure II.1: Support for EU-MembershipSource: European Commission 2009 …”

Historic Foundations: Federalist vs. Functionalist logic S. 68-73

„… A Framework for EU CommunicationThe EU, as an object of analysis, makes it hard for the observer to …” „… about complexity as a key factor inEU communication.Based on these insights, the second part of the …” „… systems by its high degree of complexity (Kohler-Koch et al. 2004: 18). A framework for EU Communication …”

The European Media Landscape S. 82-87

„… in EU CommunicationThis chapter has listed some of the decisive context factors that affect the …” „… . Hahn/Leppik/Lönnendonker 2006: 77, Golding/Oldfield 2006: 137). Regarding the scope of EU political85communication, this is …” „… communication flows within the EU and between the EU and its member states. The common denominator of most of …”

The Fall of the Santer Commission in 1999 S. 26-28

„… . These apparent shortcomings in the EU’s strategic communication can also be observed in earlier crises …” „… widelyregarded as more than just a symbolic move, clearly indicating a new importancegiven to EU communication …” „… the fact that Eurobarometer opinion polls suggested that more than 60 per cent of EU citizens were …”

Summary S. 142-143

„… , according to the views of the representation spokespersons,greatly determines the chances of EU topics …” „… manage the information flow betweenEU institutions and the media. These factors subsequently lead to a …” „… preference ofEU topics in the specialised print media and their «structural neglect» in the …”

Research Interest: Media Relations and the «Communication Deficit» S. 112

„… on the nature of the EU communication process.V.1.2.105 The study however draws no explicit …” „… «CommunicationDeficit»The objective of this analysis is to detect those factors that are specific to the EUmultilevel system …” „… Case-Study: The EU-Commission Spokesperson ServiceResearch Interest: Media Relations and the …”

Quantitative Analysis S. 117-122

„… Styles of CommunicationWhen trying to understand the logic of communication within the SPP, the …” „… also personalconvictions and individual communication styles that come into play. In the courseof the …” „… journalistswith a more general scope are «covering a range of EU-affairs, sometimes for differentmedia outlets …”

The European Union Decision-Making Process: Intricacy of Design S. 76-80

„… Union (EU) and its institutional architecture. This is particularly true with regard to understanding …” „… the different forms of ‘governing’, i.e. the way the EU institutions prepare, adopt, implement and …” „… mapping functions onto specific institutions. The EU legislative procedure is nota straightforward affair …”

White Paper on Communication Policy S. 38-40

„… understanding about Europe is a prerequisite for successful interactive communication with the EU» (European …” „… Communication Policy» by the European Commission. The prime role of communicationwas recognised by labelling …” „… Paper on Communication PolicyFebruary 2006 saw the publication of the long-awaited «White Paper on …”

The «Herrero»-Report S. 40-41

„… understanding about Europe is a prerequisite for successful interactive communication with the EU» (European …” „… of the White Paper on Communication,and with a view to the role played by the European Parliament and …” „… politicians still acting as a communication barrier (cf. European Parliament2006: 2). The report went on to …”

Open Questions S. 64-65

„… may offer a viable theory of how European communication could be structured. Yet Eder/Kantner (cf …” „… communication process, i.e. the BSEscandal and the resignation of the Santer commission, were actually events …” „… interest, citizens’ knowledge about EU affairs has remained extremely low. This seems contradictory inlight …”

Overview of European Public Sphere Concepts S. 59-64

„… deficit as being directly linked to the (in hisview) democratic deficit of the EU. In parallel to the …” „… owntranslation) remark that «public political communication is sought in places whereit cannot be found.» De …” „… conclusions about the state of play of public communication in Europe (cf. Trenz 2002: 21). There nowadays …”

The European Union in Crisis? S. 29-30

„… :1.417 The term «information and communication policy» hereby refers to the EU’s public …” „… fundamental re-evaluation of the existing informationand communication policy17 and sparked an interest in …” „… enhancing joined communication efforts, such as the interinstitutional declaration on democracy …”

Action Theory Perspective S. 100-102

„… product, thereby evaluating the «success rate» and framing of EU topics in differentmedia outlets …” „… abouthaving some statements for TV – I think all this depends a lot on the communication strategyof individual …” „… EU-setting. Nationality, party membership and personalityof the respective commissioner determine his or her …”

The «Collective Action Problem» and the «Blame Game» S. 73-76

„… . For the EU’s political communication process the «blamegame» however presents a major barrier. There …” „… Action Problem» and the «Blame Game»In its economic domain, the EU has been devised as a system of …” „… or to the specific constituency theyrepresent. At the EU-level, heterogeneous policy preferences are …”

European Identity S. 80-82

„… least a basic common space of shared experiencesand identities that allows communication to «connect …” „… can be drawn from opinionpolls after failed referendums on EU treaties is that citizens still …” „… coverage.Here, the communication of a European identity versus a national identity is hampered by the political …”

Integrated Approaches S. 105-108

„… communication science, as proposed by Scholl/Weischenberg (cf. 1998: 164), should therefore be more practically …” „… that describesthe interaction process of journalists and political communication professionalsand in …” „… Luhmann’s functional structural framework for communication research,criticises a methodological approach in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845236797

Reinhard Krumm, Sergei Medvedev, Hans-Henning Schröder - Constructing Identities in Europe

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Reinhard Krumm (ed.), Sergei Medvedev (ed.), Hans-Henning Schröder (ed.)

Constructing Identities in Europe

Series: Internationale Politik und Sicherheit

Volume 66 2012

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Andrey Makarychev Communication and Dislocations: Normative Disagreements between Russia and the EU S. 45-63

„… 45 3. Communication and Dislocations: Normative Disagreements between Russia and the EU Andrey …” „… political subjects. The two subjects in/of communication, Russia and the EU, are not only in the process of …” „… Makarychev Introduction Russia’s relations with the EU have always been a kind of riddle. On the one hand …”

Sergei Medvedev, Iver Neumann Identity Issues in EU-Russian Relations S. 9-30

„… transnational communication between the people of the EU and Russia is still regulated by a rather complicated …” „… 9 1. Introduction: Identity Issues in EU-Russian Relations Sergei Medvedev and Iver Neumann …” „… The EU-Russian zastoi More than twenty years ago, when the Soviet Union still existed and the …”

The Authors S. 247-250

„… 247 The Authors Annabelle Ahrens, M. A. is a communications researcher and project director at …” „… . 249 Viatcheslav Morozov is currently Professor of EU-Russia Studies and Chairman of the Executive …” „… Board of the Centre for EU-Russia Studies, University of Tartu, Estonia. Until January 2010, he was …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… EU-Russian Relations ............................................................ 9 Sergei Medvedev and …” „… ............................................. 33 Viatcheslav Morozov 3. Communication and Dislocations: Normative Disagreements between …” „… Russia and the EU ................................... 45 Andrey Makarychev 4. Russia and “The West …”

Viatcheslav Morozov Russia in/and Europe: Identities and Boundaries S. 31-45

„… International Relations on the correlation between temporal and spatial aspects of EU identity2 and on the EU …” „… comes very close to representing humanity as a whole. At this level, it is mainly the EU and the US …” „… any political community – whether a nation-state or a supranational association like the EU …”

Susan Stewart Coherence in EU Policy toward Russia: Identities and Interests S. 183-205

„… Part III Policy Implications 185 11. Coherence in EU Policy toward Russia …” „… : Identities and Interests Susan Stewart* In many policy analyses regarding EU-Russia relations, the main …” „… recommendation is for the EU to work internally to achieve a more coherent policy toward Russia. While there …”

Annabelle Ahrens, Hans-Jürgen Weiss The Image of Russia in the Editorials of German Newspapers (2001–2008) S. 147-170

„… called a “friend image”.3 As to the nature of media images of nations, communication research does not …” „… . [IVW]: IVW-Auflagenliste I. Quartal 2008 [Berlin], available at http://www.daten.ivw.eu). 29 …” „… Republics or members of the Warsaw Pact. Other European countries, the U.S., the EU and NATO were …”

Fedor Lukyanov Russia and the European Union: Identities in the Context of Geopolitics S. 205-221

„… , historical and political traditions as Russia and the EU – not to mention their mutually complementary and …” „… , Russia and Europe (as the unified EU) are both very young geopolitical entities. In fact, the Russian …” „… Union, was hoisted over the Kremlin on 25 December 1991; while the Maastricht Treaty creating the EU …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845238135

Hanna Lierse - The Evolution of the European Economic Governance System

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Hanna Lierse

The Evolution of the European Economic Governance System

Series: Schriften zur europäischen Arbeits- und Sozialpolitik

Volume 8 2011

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Political communication in the EU: elites, media and the public S. 248-251

„… the European economic governance system. 7.5. Political communication in the EU: elites, media and …” „… alternatives are less discussed in the EU. The particularities of European communication, which stems from …” „… intervention reveals which priorities are institutionalised in the EU and the underlying ideas that structure …”

The European communicative discourse S. 86-93

„… 1998). Due to this missing collective history the discursive communication of the EU is fractured and …” „… that communication between the leaders and the public mainly occurs via the national media in the EU …” „… interpretations. The coordinative discourse seems highly important in the EU, where governing activity is not …”

Primary Literature S. 275-282

„… ) “Amsterdam Council Meeting on 16 and 17 June 1997”, available at: www.consilium.europa.eu/ (accessed January …” „… ) Commission of the European Communities, Bulletin, Suppl. 3-1970. Commission (1970b) “Communication to the …” „… and Financial Affairs Information, Communication, Culture, Brussels: March 1989. Delors group (1990a …”

Introducing key terms S. 19-22

„… political communication in the EU is fragmented and mainly occurs through the national media, it is possible …” „… discourses in the EU. The scientific contribution of this research is of theoretical and political nature …” „… taken and the way a communicative discourse matters, it draws attention to the EU’s communicative …”

Scientific contribution of the study S. 15-19

„… different governance outcomes. As political communication in the EU is fragmented and mainly occurs through …” „… , people and capital freely circulate, the European Union (EU) also accounts for an economic governance …” „… of cooperation? Although the need to coordinate economic policies in the EU is widely recognised …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… construction of soft and supranational governance structures 246 7.5. Political communication in the EU …” „… : monetary and tax policy in the EU 65 3.2.3. Legitimising policy ideas: elites, media and the public …” „… 72 3.3. Political communication in the European Union 79 3.3.1. Decision-making rules and actors …”

Legitimising policy ideas: elites, media and the public S. 72-79

„… approach is applied to monetary and tax policy in the EU. But what happens with these ideas? How do they …” „… communication occurs among policy makers, the coordinative discourse, and vis-à-vis the public, the …” „… the institutional rules of the EU (Section 3.3.). For the communicative discourse, it is crucial to …”

Data collection and sampling techniques S. 109-115

„… results of economic policy-making in the EU. Although these countries may not represent the European …” „… utterances made with respect to tax and monetary policy coordination in the EU and the countries under …” „… communication does not occur in a stable and continuous pattern but that it is characterised by different phases …”

Secondary Literature S. 257-275

„… relations in the United States” Journal of Communication, Vol. 40, pp.103-25. Bennett, W. L. (1997) “News …” „… in communication research” Glencoe: Free Press. Berstein, S. and Rioux, J. P. (2000) “The Pompidou …” „… support” Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Brüggemann, M. (2005) “How the EU constructs the public …”

Defining governance S. 27-32

„… of national capitalistic systems, questions and options about EU regulation lag behind. Yet …” „… , questions about the nature and form of regulation have become particularly pressing in the EU, where a new …” „… little debate about the options and alternatives of EU regulation. In fact, European integration is often …”

Decision-making rules and actors S. 79-86

„… . It is argued that public communication processes in the EU are more fragmented than at the national …” „… therefore subject of this project. 3.3. Political communication in the European Union This previous …” „… outcomes in the EU. By differentiating between a number of categories such as a European vs. a national …”

A framework for analysis and guiding research hypotheses S. 93-98

„… in the EU, where a complex economic governance system is supplementing national institutions. Goals …” „… policies failed in the EU and the way they are coordinated varies widely: while some are regulated …” „… suitable in the EU. 95 Drawing on strands of discursive institutionalism (Hay 2006, Schmidt 2006, 2008a …”

The construction of soft and supranational governance structures S. 246-248

„… the European economic governance system. 7.5. Political communication in the EU: elites, media and …” „… why the EU or national governments ought to decide about certain policies (Section 2.4). While these …” „… forms of governance in the EU, it was argued that it is necessary to account for actors’ ideas …”

The neofunctional perspective on European integration S. 43-50

„… out a governance approach for identifying institutional similarities and differences in EU economic …” „… different forms of governance in the EU? Also the two issue areas analysed in this project are governed by …” „… of interpretation involve wider processes of political communication (Schmidt and Radaelli 2004 …”

Drawback and benefits of European economic governance structures S. 37-42

„… economic integration in the EU, the activities undertaken by one member country increasingly influence the …” „… et al. 2002, Kaul 2003).4 In the EU, where policy externalities are particularly strong, it is …” „… EU may be a means (and also a cause) to overcome policy interdependencies. However, the …”

Ideas: a conceptual account S. 59-65

„… , as well as the interactive process by which ideas are communicated. Communication occurs both among …” „… setup of the EU. In turn, this section highlights the communicative discourse, in which the media takes …” „… . This part is split into three sections to shed light on the role of ideas and communication in …”

Critical evaluation and outlook S. 251-256

„… EU? It is the aim of this concluding part to critically discuss the achievements of the research and …” „… governance in the EU. It involves a move away from active EU intervention towards the minimisation of …” „… market-liberal solution is generally advantaged in the EU decision-making process as more intervention requires a …”

The bargaining-oriented perspective S. 50-55

„… , intergovernmentalists draw attention to the specific institutional environment of the EU. 10 It may be criticised that …” „… involved in EU decision-making. As governments have a veto-right, only those outcomes will be attained that …” „… certain EMU interpretation becomes accepted as the dominant policy idea. For this, not only communication …”

Towards a framework of social constructivism S. 55-59

„… for the EU and people who have professional expertise such as social partners, national tax …” „… as given and pre-defined instead of focusing on social interaction and communication, the concepts of …” „… building on variables such as discourses, ideas and communication. By doing so, they problematise a number …”

The failure to legitimise the Werner Plan? S. 144-155

„… communication in the EU mainly occurs through national media channels, the research also attempts to capture …” „… European monetary cooperation as beneficial, the degree to which the EU was conceived of as appropriate …” „… context of the EU, there is scholarly agreement that the communicative discourse is less well-established …”

Economic ideas: monetary and tax policy in the EU S. 65-72

„… 65 3.2.2. Economic ideas: monetary and tax policy in the EU The preceding section clarified what …” „… monetary policy should be regulated in the EU. In a narrow sense, taxation stands for a set of taxes levied …” „… how tax and monetary policy should be handled in the EU. Increased liberalisation has made it easier …”

Policy discourses and the evolution of European monetary governance S. 181-184

„… is interested in the role of mass communication. Do public feedback and legitimacy demands influence …” „… other political leaders and experts within the EU. Although EMU was for the most part discussed …”

Developing thematic categories and coding guidelines S. 118-122

„… communication make use of different arguments to legitimise their policy ideas. For this they draw on several …” „… It implies a positive image of a unified corporate tax at the EU level; tax harmonisation as …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231556

Jessica Bain, Martin Holland - European Union Identity

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Jessica Bain (ed.), Martin Holland (ed.)

European Union Identity

Series: Transformation, Development, and Regionalization in Greater Asia

Volume 1 2007

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Giorgia Aiello The Appearance of Diversity: Visual Design and the Public Communication of EU Identity S. 145-182

„… Communication of EU Identity Giorgia Aiello University of Washington, USA Introduction In spite of Europe’s …” „… to brand European identity in EU public communication have overwhelmingly revolved around this …” „… established belief that EU public communication “needs to be more attractive”,14 EU identity has decidedly …”

Giuseppe Balducci Europe’s Identity as a Democracy Promoter: Where It Comes from and What It Does S. 65-86

„… EC/EU declarations, treaties and communications, which can be interpreted as “constitutive factors …” „… international identity as a democracy promoter will be found in EC/EU treaties, declarations, communications and …” „… Commission Communication on EU’s Role in Promoting Human Rights and Democratisation in Third Countries …”

Katrina Stats An Elephant in the Room? Australian Elite Perceptions of the European Union S. 126-144

„… ’, Communication Nation (blog entry), 7 September 2005, http://communicationnation.blogspot.com/2005/09 …” „… Union (EU). The EU is, and has been for some time now, Australia’s most important economic partner …” „… . Overall, Australia’s two-way trade with the EU exceeds that of the US, Japan and China and even that of …”

Ana-Cristina Costea, Luk Van Langenhove EU’s Foreign Policy Identity: from ‘New Regionalism’ to Third Generation Regionalism? S. 86-104

„… 86 EU’s Foreign Policy Identity: from ‘New Regionalism’ to Third Generation Regionalism …” „… identity be developed in tandem with national identities?3 What is the link between EU institutional …” „… intergovernmentalism? Identity and role perceptions of national officials in EU decision-making’, Journal of European …”

Kenneth Ka-Lok Chan The Visibility of the EU in Hong Kong under “One Country, Two Systems” S. 105-126

„… communication strategies and the impediments that exist for Hong Kong citizens to become more aware of the EU …” „… PART III: Perceptions of EU Identity 107 The Visibility of the EU in Hong Kong under “One …” „… (EU) to address the political concerns of many Hong Kong citizens. In fact, the European Commission …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… available in the Internet at http://www.d-nb.de. ISBN 978-3-8329-3054-7 5 The EU-Network of European …” „… contains revised versions of selected papers presented at the EU-NESCA Workshop in July 2007 NESCA in …” „… Christchurch, New Zealand hosted by EU-NESCA Consortium Member the National Centre for Research on Europe at …”

Natalia CHABAN, Jessica Bain, Katrina Stats Constructing Images of the Enlarging EU: The European Common House Metaphor in the Australasian News Media S. 182-203

„… 182 Constructing Images of the Enlarging EU: The European Common House Metaphor in the …” „… and University of Adelaide, Australia Introduction While the European Union (EU) is celebrating its …” „… Understandings of this identity have been trapped between two polarised visions, namely, of the EU as a federal …”

Thomas Meyer Challenges of European Identity Research S. 30-51

„… literature and the EU politics community. Yet, we are a far cry away from a settled understanding of what we …” „… , official identity research, the Eurobarometer, the EU itself does not figure as the relevant reference …” „… EU-integration and high scores in “European identity” can go very well together. In this terminology it would …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204604

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