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Cornelius Friesendorf, Argyro Kartsonaki - OSCE Insights 2022

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Cornelius Friesendorf (ed.), Argyro Kartsonaki (ed.)

OSCE Insights 2022

2023

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Andrei Zagorski The CSCE: Lessons from the Past S. 65-74

„… considered withdrawing from the CSCE.Public discussion of the Soviet human rights record at the Belgrade …” „… The CSCE: Lessons from the Past Andrei Zagorski*AbstractAmid the several crises with which the …” „… progress in all relevant dimensions of the CSCE. This enabled major stakeholders to maintain a strong …”

Jelena Cupać Why the OSCE’s Forum Function Matters S. 75-80

„… organizations and the historical evolution of the CSCE/OSCE, the paper offers recommendations on how …” „… CSCE/OSCE, observing how it has changed along with geostrategic shifts in Europe. The final section makes …” „… Eastern Europe, particularly with East Germany. The CSCE’s Helsinki Final Act resulted from the …”

Walter Kemp Ending Up Somewhere Else: The Need for Strategy in the OSCE S. 23-32

„… OSCE/CSCE has been all about moving Europe from a less desirable state of affairs to a more co-operative …” „… greater co-operative security.When the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) was …” „… participating in the CSCE wanted to promote better relations among themselves and ensure conditions in which …”

Cornelius Friesendorf, Argyro Kartsonaki Introduction to OSCE Insights 2022: War in Europe S. 7-12

„… reverting to a CSCE-style conference cycle. Walter Kemp offers another historical reminder. Pointing out …” „… illustrate a broader trend: participating States’ preferences have increasingly diverged since the CSCE …” „… OSCE principles (see Cupać’s contribution). Andrei Zagorski reminds us that the CSCE process would …”

William H. Hill The OSCE Approaching Fifty: Does the Organization Have a Future? S. 13-22

„… of the CSCE/OSCE.The United States may be especially wary of re-engaging with Russia after the war …” „… future OSCE might address.Why did the CSCE/OSCE come into being?To envision what the OSCE might be like …” „… very beginning, the CSCE—or Helsinki process—was both normative and operational. The follow-up and …”

Wolfgang Zellner Beyond Muddling Through: Towards an OSCE Interim Approach S. 57-64

„… Ministers:The Council decided, in order to develop further the CSCE’s capability to safeguard human rights …” „… without Russia. The basis of the CSCE/OSCE’s work has always been unconditioned dialogue on any relevant …” „… concerned, in cases of clear, gross, and uncorrected violations of relevant CSCE commitments.5This …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… AnceschiBeyond Muddling Through: Towards an OSCE Interim Approach 57Wolfgang ZellnerThe CSCE: Lessons from the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933625

Thomas Fischer - Neutral Power in the CSCE

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Thomas Fischer

Neutral Power in the CSCE

Series: Wiener Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 12 2009

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The Finnish CSCE Initiative of 5 May 1969 S. 89-100

„… . “’A mustard seed grew into a bushy tree’: The Finnish CSCE-Initiative of 5 May 1969.” Cold War History …” „… CSCE Initiative of 5 May 1969 Although Austria resisted the Soviet demands between 1966 and 1968, it …” „… international discussions that led to the opening of multilateral preparatory talks for the CSCE at the Dipoli …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Reactions to the Finnish CSCE Memorandum S. 100-111

„… Non-Aligned Reactions to the Finnish CSCE Memorandum The Finnish memorandum sent out on 5 May 1969 concluded …” „… Vienna into a CSCE initiative, as it became evident from bilateral discussions with Swiss and Soviet …” „… turvallisuuskonferenssi, Risto Hyvärinen, Helsingissä, 8. 5. 1969. According to a former Swedish CSCE diplomat, the …”

Introduction S. 17-28

„… bushy tree’: The Finnish CSCE-Initiative of 5 May 1969.” Cold War History, online publication 2008 …” „… Europe (CSCE),témoignage de l’Ambassadeur Edouard Brunner, recueilli par le Professeur Victor-Yves …” „… international conference The Road to Helsinki: The Early Steps to the CSCE,held on 29-30 September 2003 in …”

The Role of Personalities S. 330-340

„… an important bearing on the whole of the CSCE negotiations, he maintains that “clearly the outcome in …” „… rotation were respected as key elements of the CSCE talks;1265 with his skilful interventions, he secured …” „… previous sections of this chapter, many deals and understandings in the CSCE were in fact made in smaller …”

Presentation of Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals in Basket I S. 228-238

„… Swiss proposal in its definite form (CSCE/II/B/1) was a large project for a convention of 61 articles …” „… ein europäisches System der friedlichen Beilegung von Streitigkeiten (CSCE/II/B/1) vom 18. September …” „… or use of force (registered as CSCE/II/B/2).801The working body would also treat a Soviet proposal …”

The N+N Package Deal S. 278-293

„… presented draft variants on a preamble for Basket III on 15 March (CSCE/II/C.3/102), 30 April (CSCE/II/C …” „… .3/102/Rev.1), and 20 May 1974 (CSCE/II/C.3/102/Rev.2). The variants so far resulted in two registered …” „… texts, albeit with numerous alternatives still in brackets (CSCE/II/C.3/104 of 29 March, and CSCE/II/C …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 357-376

„… the CSCE between EC/NATO and the Warsaw Pact is almost forgotten. Yet at the time, the close …” „… phenomenon in Cold War diplomacy. Never before or after the CSCE did the European neutral states Austria …” „… the UN, the Council of Europe, or the OECD. The emergence of a “neutral caucus” at the CSCE in the …”

Reactions to the Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals on Security Matters S. 181-185

„… foreign soil. TNA, FCO 41/1287: CSCE/MPT, Telegram Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 1 February 1973. 615 BAR, E …” „… 41/1288: CSCE/MPT, Telegram Elliot to FCO, Helsinki, 10 February 1973. In similar words, the West German …” „… that context demanded that a link between the CSCE and MBFR be established; for example, in the shape …”

The Principle of Equal Participation and the Rule of Consensus S. 324-327

„… Act of the CSCE. President Kekkonen, as host to the summit, chaired the closing session. The Final Act …” „… years of intensive and often cumbersome negotiations, the CSCE had finally come to an end, and after …” „… home.1239However, the multilateral talks begun on security and cooperation in Europe with the CSCE were …”

Helsinki-Geneva-Helsinki: Deciding on the Venue of the Conference S. 201-216

„… , FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Conference venue, Telegram Elliott, Helsinki, 10 April 1973. 695 TNA, FCO …” „… , FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Conference venue, Telegram Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 10 April 1973. 210In this …” „… : CSCE/MPT: Conference venue, Telegram Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 10 April 1973. 211Foreign Ministry in …”

The N+N at the Helsinki Summit (30 July – 1 August 1975) S. 317-324

„… with an analysis of the N+N state leaders’ own assessments of the Final Act of the CSCE in their …” „… final stage of the CSCE, they had sat through a total of over 2,400 meetings in Geneva; they had …” „… Final Act of the CSCE negotiations.1207The summit meeting assembling the leaders of the thirty-five …”

Bibliography S. 379-392

„… (CSCE),témoignage de l’Ambassadeur Edouard Brunner, recueilli par le Professeur Victor-Yves Ghébali (Institut …” „… . “’A mustard seed grew into a bushy tree’: The Finnish CSCE-Initiative of 5 May 1969.” Cold War History …” „… Bindschedler, 1972-1973 Private Papers Hans-Jörg Renk, Riehen/Basel (Renk Papers) CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebooks …”

A Breakthrough on CBM Parameters S. 297-307

„… previous position regarding CBM, based on the N+N draft resolution of February/March 1974 (CSCE/II/C/13 and …” „… Security in Europe (CSCE/CC/44), Geneva, 11 September 1974. 303 voluntary basis, to give prior …” „… that remained open for decision by the CSCE were the level, the date, and the terms of procedure for …”

Operation Baskets S. 173-177

„… single subject. It was in this context that the famous CSCE “baskets” were created. According to Austrian …” „… . “The EC Nine, the CSCE, and the Changing Pattern of European Security.” In Wenger, et al. (eds …” „… .), Origins of the European Security System, 145-163, here 155f. 568 Renk Papers, CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook …”

Continued High-Level Contacts among the Neutrals S. 293-297

„… Malta, Working Paper on Questions Relating to Security in Europe (CSCE/CC/44), Geneva, 11 September 1974 …” „… president George Pompidou and the stepping down of “Ostpolitik” Chancellor Willy Brandt in Bonn, many CSCE …” „… politically for the CSCE, as for the first time two participating states were involved fighting a war. While …”

Mitigating Bilateral Differences S. 347-351

„… Delegation of Yugoslavia, National Minorities, Geneva, 29 November 1973, registered as CSCE/II/C.1/7). 1357 …” „… National Minorities, Geneva, 1 May 1974 (CSCE/II/C.1/17); ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA, II-Pol/International 12 …” „… the CSCE also helped neutral states Austria and Switzerland to mitigate bilateral differences they …”

The Inclusion of the Mediterranean Small States and European Microstates in the N+N Group S. 351-354

„… TNA, FCO 41/1293: Liechtenstein and the CSCE/MPT, Letter R.C. Beetham to P.D. Stobart Esq (British …” „… Liechtenstein and San Marino. The Holy See enjoyed a sovereign status at the CSCE and is sometimes mistakenly …” „… Monaco to Dipoli, but after a request in June 1973 Monaco was invited to the CSCE proper in Geneva and …”

Final Deals on Basket III and the Follow-Up S. 307-316

„… CSCE’s decision, while the neutral and non-aligned states argued that in fact only the control function …” „… Security in Europe (CSCE/CC/44), Geneva, 11 September 1974. 314 to turn the [Maltese] down”.1193 The …” „… Zusammenarbeit in Europa in Helsinki (CSCE/CC/WG/III/105/Rev.1), 18. Juli 1975. 1203 Ferraris, Report on a …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Agenda Proposals S. 177-181

„… 41/1286: CSCE Preparatory Talks, Telegram Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 17 January 1973; Cf. ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA …” „… ; Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 4, 17 January 1973. 178 good offices to convey European …” „… CSCE before the opening of the MPT found no backing at all, to some extent 17 January 1973 is a …”

Growing Mutual Respect and Understanding S. 343-347

„… pour la Sécurité et la Cooperation en Europe (CSCE),témoignage de l’Ambassadeur Edouard Brunner, 20 …” „… delegation therefore held key positions in the making of their countries’ CSCE policy. Moreover, for the …” „… younger delegation members, the CSCE became an excellent opportunity to gain experience in multilateral …”

East-West Polarization and the N+N Dual Role Strategy S. 327-330

„… alliances in the CSCE.1253 Ambassador Ceska points out that had the N+N limited their role from the …” „… . Brunner, “La CSCE, véhicule de la politique étrangère pour la Suisse?”, 164; Edouard Brunner …” „… . “Signification de la CSCE: Aventure ou nécessité?” In Dix ans de Conférence et la Coopération en Europe: Bilan et …”

Making Their Own Instructions S. 340-343

„… ) stayed over time.1316 The CSCE thus became pretty much a “closed shop” of participating diplomats, who …” „… . Making Their Own Instructions The former French CSCE diplomat Jacques Andréani, another long-standing …” „… when he visited the CSCE negotiations during Stage II in Geneva he found the press centre “deserted …”

The Swiss-Austrian Quarrel over Neutrality S. 254-263

„… : CSCE: The Swiss, Letter C.C.C. Tickell (FCO) to G.G. Brown (Berne), London, 16 July 1974. 910 When the …” „… Schweizer Projekt, Telegramm Liedermann, Genf, 10. Mai 1974. 911 TNA, FCO 41/1561: CSCE: The Swiss, Letter …” „… catalogue of principles of the CSCE were threefold. First, it had been a major aim of Swiss CSCE policy from …”

Switzerland S. 128-135

„… group to draw up the lines of a future CSCE policy. The attitude within the working group towards the …” „… participation in MBFR and any link of these talks to the CSCE.392 The only positive result Bindschedler expected …” „… : CSCE: Austrian and Swiss Proposals, R.H. Smith (Brussels) to C.C.W. Adams (WOD/FCO), 3 November 1972 …”

A Special Body for the Swiss Proposal on a System for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes S. 198-200

„… Negotiation, 26. 667 TNA, FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Swiss Proposal on Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, Telegram …” „… : CSCE/MPT: Mini Group Activity, Military Aspects, Telegram Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 28 April 1973. …” „… the framework of the CSCE needed to be substantiated by concrete projects.665 When the mini-group on …”

No N+N Cooperation in Basket II S. 238-240

„… . 239 as relating to security and health (CSCE/II/E/8 and CSCE/II/E/10).852 In October 1973 the …” „… (CSCE/II/E/5).853 The Finnish delegation chose a prudent approach and, for the time being, went on record …” „… protection” (CSCE/II/G/4).854Finland, clearly the neutral state with the most vested interests in the field …”

N+N Discussions on a Yugoslav Follow-Up Proposal S. 267-273

„… Czechoslovak document dealt with the follow-up question (registered on 18 October 1973 as CSCE/CC/22). The …” „… Comité consultatif sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE/I/5), Helsinki, 4 juillet 1973. 973 …” „… Concerning the Follow-up to the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE/CC/WG/IV/2), Geneva …”

The Mandate on Military Aspects of Security – Disarmament and CBM S. 200-201

„… (Swedish paper of 18 April 1973 attached). 679 TNA, FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Mini Group Activity, Military …” „… Basket I.678 Regarding disarmament negotiations and the CSCE, the Soviets proposed “political and …” „… maintained that military aspects of the CSCE should be confined to confidence-building measures.679 It was …”

Other Reference Groups S. 354-356

„… TNA, FCO 41/1293: Liechtenstein and the CSCE/MPT, Letter R.C. Beetham to P.D. Stobart Esq (British …” „… While the basic structure of the CSCE negotiations was characterized by a relatively simple setting of …” „… the CSCE with their Nordic colleagues from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland.1381 The “Nordic caucus” was …”

Drafting a First Common Proposal in the Military Sub-Committee S. 246-250

„… (CSCE/II/C/13, registered on 19 February 1974).880 Malta had been involved in the formulation of the proposal …” „… Conférence pour la Sécurité et la Cooperation en Europe (CSCE),témoignage de l’Ambassadeur Edouard Brunner …” „… Finnlands, Jugoslawiens, Österreichs, Schwedens, der Schweiz und Zyperns (CSCE/II/C/13), Genf, 19. Februar …”

The Declaration of Principles and Basket III S. 193-198

„… following day, Denmark, on behalf of the West, countered by presenting a 647 TNA, FCO 41/1329: CSCE/MPT …” „… , FCO 41/1290: CSCE/MPT: Basket III, Text preamble (Austria), Telegram Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 4 …” „… April 1973. 651 TNA, FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Mini Group Activity, Military Aspects, Telegram Elliott to …”

Rules of Procedure S. 155-162

„… means for deliberations were respected, and that the CSCE would not become just another military …” „… Sitzungen der MV, Mittwoch, 22. November 1972; Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 1, 22 November 1972 …” „… : CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 1, 22 November 1972. Cf. Constantin Vlad. “Romania and CSCE Process …”

Early Discussions on the Venue of the Conference S. 167-169

„… , Telegramm Pfusterschmid, Helsinki, 27. Dezember 1972. 540 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 3, 12 …” „… Schweiz nach Helsinki, 52. 542 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 3, 14 December 1972. 543 …” „… capitals Helsinki, Vienna, and Berne, cities that hoped to become the host of the CSCE talks at some point …”

Technical Preparations S. 151-155

„… on the parallelism and timing of MBFR and the Multilateral Preparatory Talks for the CSCE, Finland …” „… the CSCE), almost equalling the number of countries where German was officially spoken (FRG, GDR …” „… Ostpolitik put into practice at the CSCE. For instance, the seating plan and the list of participant …”

Austria S. 120-128

„… 120 for the CSCE proper and for the preparatory talks, in which the Finns envisaged their main role …” „… project.359357 TNA, FCO 41/1074: Anglo-Finnish Consultations on the CSCE, R.J.T. McLaren (WOD) to C.C.C …” „… Finnish CSCE initiative had been prompted by two fundamental considerations: “1) Our own national interest …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… States and the Making of the Helsinki Accords 1975Neutral Power in the CSCENomosDr. Thomas Fischer1 …” „… back in 1975. Sticking with the image of an orchestra, it struck me that the CSCE had never known a …” „… Vienna. My PhD thesis on Switzerland’s Foreign Policy regarding the UN and the CSCE had recently been …”

Performance of the Neutral and Non-Aligned States S. 169-173

„… AAPBD, 1972, Bd. III, Doc. 406. 564 TNA, FCO 28/1709: CSCE/MPT: The First Session, Telegram Elliott …” „… talks might negatively prejudice the Austrian capital for future rounds of CSCE negotiations. If leading …” „… the Soviets would now advocate Vienna for MBFR, and use this as a pretext to keep the CSCE …”

Moving from Helsinki to Geneva S. 219-226

„… C.C.C. Tickell (FCO), Geneva, 25 July 1973. 774 TNA, FCO 41/1293: Liechtenstein and the CSCE/MPT …” „… states had come a long way to define their common interests for the subsequent stages of the CSCE. As …” „… the conference to express their views on the agenda, see CSCE: Stage I, Mr. Elliott (Helsinki) to Sir …”

Other Military Aspects of Security S. 191-193

„… that the Middle East should not feature on the conference agenda. TNA, FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Mini …” „… Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 4 April 1973. 646 TNA, FCO 41/1323: CSCE/MPT: Confidence Building Measures and …” „… , Denmark, on behalf of the West, countered by presenting a 647 TNA, FCO 41/1329: CSCE/MPT: Confidence …”

The Role of a Neutral/Non-Aligned State and Possible Forms of Cooperation S. 141-150

„… for the CSCE in 1972. A common position was agreed upon mainly with respect to the strengthening of …” „… at all, such as the Austrian proposal to include the Middle Eastern problem in the CSCE. Still, the …” „… military aspects of security (the linking of the CSCE to MBFR and the Yugoslav proposal for collateral …”

Prelude to the N+N: The “Group of Nine” S. 76-82

„… all-embracing security conference in the early 1970s, in the shape of the CSCE, gave considerable hope for the …” „… implementation of the Yugoslav idea of détente at the European level. Even before preparatory talks on the CSCE …” „… . 147-160; Jeanne Kirk Laux. “Prélude à la CSCE: l’expérience du groupe des Neuf comme exemple de diplomatie …”

The Soviet Njet to the Swiss SRPD Project S. 250-254

„… . While the drafting in February and March 1974 of document CSCE/II/C/13 and its revision including the …” „… Europe, the security interests of all states participating in the CSCE shall be taken into account. Any …” „… participation or the express consent of the state concerned. 4. The states participating in the CSCE will be …”

Assuming Responsibility as Coordinators of Basket III S. 240-243

„… (CSCE/II/D/14 and CSCE/II/D/15, following up on the original Austrian and Swiss initiatives).858Assuming …” „… , 1974]: CSCE/II/D/14, Committee II, D. Sub-Committee 3, Proposal submitted by the Delegations of Austria …” „… technical regulations, Geneva, 6 March 1974; Ibid.: CSCE/II/D/15, Committee II, D. Sub-Committee 3, Proposal …”

Prospects for Common Positions S. 141

„… for the CSCE in 1972. A common position was agreed upon mainly with respect to the strengthening of …” „… at all, such as the Austrian proposal to include the Middle Eastern problem in the CSCE. Still, the …” „… military aspects of security (the linking of the CSCE to MBFR and the Yugoslav proposal for collateral …”

Negotiation Deadlock in Basket III S. 263-267

„… : File G3 “KSZE Genf 1973-1975: Kommission III”, Präambel, Bulgarien (CSCE/II/C.3/101), 12. Februar 1974 …” „… Czechoslovak document dealt with the follow-up question (registered on 18 October 1973 as CSCE/CC/22). The …” „… Comité consultatif sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (CSCE/I/5), Helsinki, 4 juillet 1973. 973 …”

A Swedish Proposal to Break the Negotiation Impasse S. 273-278

„… TNA, FCO 41/1546: CSCE: General Situation, Telegram Hildyard to FCO, Geneva, 6 April 1974. 999 CSCE …” „… , 17. April 1974. 1002 CSCE: General Situation: Political Directors Meeting in Bonn 27-28 May, Mr …” „… bargaining between East and West over decisive questions in the CSCE: The neutral position is less …”

Organization of the Work S. 165-167

„… December. 535 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 3, 11 December 1972; ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA …” „… the negotiations, and whether it should aim for more than just an observer status in the CSCE. A …” „… Consultations, 7 December 1972. 537 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 2, 7 December 1972. 538 Renk …”

Neutral Coordinators for the Informal Minigroups S. 185-187

„… cumbersome. So on the second day the Swiss delegate proposed the creation of smaller 618 Renk Papers: CSCE …” „… Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 5, 8 February 1973. 620 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 5 …” „… der Arbeitsgruppe am 2. Februar 1973; Cf. Renk Papers: CSCE Dipoli Notes, notebook WG I [Working …”

Finland Joins in the Neutral Consultations S. 226-228

„… N+N collaboration during the Geneva phase of the CSCE become evident in this example, yet the …” „… provided particularly effective support to the Western case in the CSCE preparations, and the attitude of …” „… for the Western positions in the CSCE were further substantiated by reports in October that the Swedes …”

Ralph Enckell’s Mission (and the Second Finnish Memorandum) S. 111-120

„… much when they launched their second memorandum on the CSCE initiative in November 1970, as long as any …” „… Finnish CSCE initiative and its follow-up with the Enckell mission, President Kekkonen said in a …” „… reached on the desirability of holding such a conference.345While the Finnish CSCE initiative was in a …”

Sweden S. 135-138

„… Commission for Europe (ECE), and did not want the CSCE to challenge the UN Declaration on Friendly Relations …” „… promote concrete negotiations between the blocs.433Sweden never held ambitions to host the CSCE or any of …” „… . Januar 1972. 435 BAR, E 2200.48(-) 1992/148, 11, Legation Belgrad: CSCE, Déroulement des Consultations …”

Yugoslavia S. 138-141

„… the activities of the UN and other disarmament forums. The CSCE was only of secondary importance until …” „… for the CSCE in 1972. A common position was agreed upon mainly with respect to the strengthening of …” „… at all, such as the Austrian proposal to include the Middle Eastern problem in the CSCE. Still, the …”

The Austrian Middle East Proposal – First to Fail S. 189-191

„… conference agenda. TNA, FCO 41/1291: CSCE/MPT: Mini Group Activity, Telegram Elliott to FCO, Helsinki, 28 …” „… link of MBFR to the CSCE remained open, the Austrian Middle East proposal suffered an early blow …” „… difficult to convince the other participants to engage the CSCE with the problems of the Middle East. When …”

Neutral and Non-aligned Cooperation at the MPT S. 216-218

„… they could not participate: In the CSCE they recognized an occasion to participate effectively in the …” „… adapted to the dynamism of the multilateral CSCE consultations. This was especially true with regard to …” „… themselves to be used as ‘Eastern neutrals’ under bilateral Soviet pressure. CSCE: The First Two Hundred Days …”

Yugoslavia S. 73-76

„… (eds.), From Helsinki to Belgrade – The First CSCE Follow-up Meeting in Belgrade 1977/78, 89-117; Joze …” „… emergence of an all-embracing security conference in the early 1970s, in the shape of the CSCE, gave …” „… preparatory talks on the CSCE began, expectations arose in Yugoslavia that the various concepts of “active …”

The Catalogue of Principles S. 187-189

„… : CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 6, 3 April 1973. 627 Cf. Renk, Der Weg der Schweiz nach Helsinki, 60f …” „… Minute from Mr. Brown on CSCE: Principles, FCO, 20 March 1973, in DBPO, III, II, Doc. 27, fn. 7. 629 …” „… Swiss proposal on a peaceful settlement system and the demand for a link of MBFR to the CSCE remained …”

Neutral Caucus with a View to the Continuation of Stage II and the Follow-Up S. 243-245

„… ’ continuing demands for an “information link” between MBFR talks in Vienna and the CSCE in Geneva, and their …” „… conference. The Soviets had demanded the institutionalization of the CSCE from the very beginning. The West …” „… , the CSCE offered an important forum to represent their interests and have their views on European …”

The Birth of the N+N Group (January – December 1974) S. 245-246

„… that it saw the actual birth of the group of the N+N states within the CSCE negotiations. Once a …” „… MBFR talks were so far not linked to the CSCE eventually led the neutrals and non-aligned states to …” „… crisis in Cyprus between Turkey and Greece, affected the overall context of the CSCE negotiations. 876 …”

Opening Statements S. 162-164

„… , [non-registered box C, 1972]: KSZE; MV-Grundsatzerklärungen, 29. November bis 5. Dezember 1972; Renk Papers: CSCE …” „… of such a Conference.530526 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 2, 30 November 1972; Cf …” „… : CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 2, 7 December 1972; Cf. Renk, Der Weg der Schweiz nach Helsinki, 50. …”

Stage I – Prelude (July – August 1973) S. 219

„… states had come a long way to define their common interests for the subsequent stages of the CSCE. As …” „… the conference to express their views on the agenda, see CSCE: Stage I, Mr. Elliott (Helsinki) to Sir …”

Austria S. 65-69

„… active participation in the CSCE. However, the traditional concept of neutrality prevailed on all levels …” „… CSCE belies a fundamental change in its foreign policy.128 In the context of multilateral détente, the …” „… instrument to achieve these ambitions.146 As discussed in a later chapter, the CSCE provided an ideal …”

Dispute on the Christmas Break S. 164-165

„… Vorbereitungsgespräche, Telegramm Pfusterschmid, Helsinki, 27. Dezember 1972. 532 Renk Papers: CSCE Notes Dipoli …” „… : CSCE Notes Dipoli, notebook 3, 11 December 1972; ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA, II-Pol/International 12 …”

Switzerland S. 63-65

„… Switzerland’s tentative activation of a foreign policy on human rights and active participation in the CSCE …” „… prevailed in Berne, it is wrong to assume that Switzerland’s participation in the CSCE belies a fundamental …”

Multilateral Détente in Europe S. 60-63

„… Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). The most important step in this development was in June 1970, when the Eastern …” „… all-embracing multilateral process in the CSCE. Apart from superpower détente, multilateral détente in Europe …”

List of Abbreviations S. 15-16

„… Controls CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe …”

Finland S. 71-73

„… international crises.166 As discussed in a later chapter, the offer to host the CSCE preliminary talks in …”

Basic Terms S. 29-32

„… request by 27 San Marino, considered a non-aligned country in the European context of the CSCE, never …”

Austria under Soviet Pressure S. 86-89

„… security conference, at least temporarily. The Finnish CSCE Initiative of 5 May 1969 Although Austria …”

Switzerland S. 32-36

„… non-aligned country in the European context of the CSCE, never formally became a member of the non-aligned …”

Finland S. 45-50

„… be discussed later, in the context of the Finnish CSCE initiative of May 1969. The constant danger …”

Bilateral Superpower Détente S. 55-60

„… on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). Bilateral Superpower Détente At the superpower level …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217703

Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH - OSCE Yearbook 2018

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Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.)

OSCE Yearbook 2018

2019

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Wolfgang Zellner Adapting to a Changed World: The CSCE/OSCE in 1990 and Today S. 53-66

„… 53 Wolfgang Zellner Adapting to a Changed World: The CSCE/OSCE in 1990 and Today The OSCE …” „… examine certain aspects of this tension. The CSCE/OSCE as a Product of the Early 1990s The …” „… CSCE/OSCE1 was, to a large extent, shaped by the transformation phase in the Central and Eastern European …”

Christian Nünlist Diversity as a Strength: Historical Narratives and Principles of the OSCE S. 21-38

„… perspective and with a particular view on the CSCE/OSCE, it is clear that as early as 1989/1990, ideas about …” „… not plan to take the CSCE’s human rights commitments seriously in the future. Soviet concessions in …” „… the human dimension, but also to the politico-military dimension of the CSCE/OSCE. The “Code of …”

Kaan Sahin The Status-Neutral Approach as a New Impetus for the Conflicts in Eastern Ukraine and in Transdniestria S. 219-236

„… Situations2 document adopted in 1993 by the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE, since …” „… incorporation of de facto regimes in conflict settlement negotiations. The 1993 CSCE Document: Stabilizing …” „… the Special Committee of the CSCE (OSCE) Forum for Security Co-operation in Vienna (FSC). The …”

P. Terrence Hopmann Trump, Putin, and the OSCE S. 39-52

„… the media, and the rights of persons belonging to minorities. In conclusion, the CSCE/OSCE was …” „… have long supported the CSCE/OSCE, such as Switzerland, Finland, Austria, reinforced by more powerful …” „… States and the Soviet Union.1 However, the United States and Russia played a more active role in the CSCE …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Wolfgang Zellner Adapting to a Changed World: The CSCE/OSCE in 1990 and Today 53 Florian Raunig/Julie …”

Enzo Moavero Milanesi Foreword by the Chairperson-in-Office S. 9-12

„… creation of the CSCE in 1975. I remain convinced that shared challenges require a collective effort …”

Ursel Schlichting Preface S. 13-20

„… (with the exception of Slovenia) and Kosovo in the 1990s:5 in 1992, the CSCE/OSCE Spillover Monitor …”

Lukasz Mackiewicz More than Counting Ceasefire Violations – the Human Dimension within the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine S. 177-192

„… ” declared that the “commitments undertaken in the field of the human dimension of the CSCE [now: OSCE] are …”

Juraj Nosal Capacity-Building in the OSCE Context S. 299-314

„… the CSCE into the OSCE in the early 1990s, providing what was originally a standing conference …”

Annexes S. 315-368

„… Torture CSBMs Confidence- and Security-Building Measures CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298283

Michael Gehler, Wilfried Loth - Reshaping Europe

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Reshaping Europe

Series: Veröffentlichungen der Historiker-Verbindungsgruppe bei der Kommission der EG

Volume 20 2020

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Michael Gehler, Andrea Brait The Breakthrough: Freedom and Security at the Vienna CSCE Follow-up Conference 1986–1989 S. 477-496

„… articles mentions the CSCE in detail. The CSCE-process is primarily mentioned in publications regarding …” „… CSCE-states will agree to a final document with precise arrangements concerning the future cooperation in the …” „… traditional catalyst role concerning pushing the CSCE-process.51 At the end of 1988, Mock was finally …”

Michael Gehler, Wilfried Loth Reshaping Europe by different Europeanisations 1984–1989. Summary and Conclusion S. 497-510

„… institutions forming a common European identity. The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE …” „… dissolving Warsaw Pact. The succession process to the CSCE especially in Vienna 1986–1989 (Michael …” „… one voice among EPC, the CSCE process – which already underway – and the CSCE follow-up conferences …”

Maria Eleonora Guasconi European Political Cooperation and the Single European Act S. 129-148

„… Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). During the negotiations, which ended in Helsinki in August 1975, the EC member …” „… Romano, From Détente in Europe to European Détente. How the West Shaped the Helsinki CSCE, Brussels …” „… example, at the EPC meeting of Grenada, to use the framework provided by the CSCE to improve the dialogue …”

List of Abbreviations S. 513-518

„… Communist Party of the Soviet Union CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSU …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… and Security at the Vienna CSCE Follow-up Conference 1986–1989 477 Michael Gehler / Andrea Brait …”

Wilfried Loth Mikhail Gorbachev, European Security, and the Common European Home 1985–1989 S. 421-442

„… the context of the CSCE follow-up conference in Vienna Gorbachev gave a more detailed description of …” „… collective security system based on the evolution of CSCE. The cooperation between EEC and COMECON, as agreed …”

Michael Gehler Introduction S. 9-16

„… Europe (CSCE)3 threatened to break apart at the beginning of the failed follow-up conference in Madrid in …”

Frederike Schotters European Emancipation within the Atlantic Alliance? Franco-German Initiatives in European Defence S. 461-476

„… , From Détente in Europe to European Détente. How the West Shaped the Helsinki CSCE, Brussels: Peter Lang …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748907855

Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH - OSCE Yearbook 2019

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Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.)

OSCE Yearbook 2019

2020

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Vladimir F. Pryakhin Hamburg, Forty Years Later. For the 40th Anniversary of the CSCE/OSCE Scientific Forum S. 53-62

„… 53 Vladimir F. Pryakhin Hamburg, Forty Years Later For the 40th Anniversary of the CSCE/OSCE …” „… Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) was held in Hamburg. Although the Cold War escalated sharply …” „… of the CSCE (now Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, OSCE) is a long series of large …”

Kurt P. Tudyka Where Is the OSCE’s Cultural Engagement? Promised – to Be Forgotten or Awakened – to Be Renewed? An Interjection S. 209-214

„… , decisions, and reports of the responsible CSCE/OSCE bodies and institutions, this contribution explores and …” „… of cultural issues.1 The Helsinki Document of 1975, the “constitution” of the CSCE/OSCE, then …” „… fields. How has the relationship of the CSCE/OSCE to “culture” evolved since? At a CSCE seminar in …”

Heinz Gärtner Europe’s Goal Should Be Helsinki S. 41-52

„… Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) of 1975.2 Europe Is Not …” „… stalemate within the Organization for Security and Co-operation (OSCE), the successor to the CSCE, since the …” „… values is the CSCE Helsinki Final Act of 1975. It does not identify enemies, nor even opponents or …”

Ursel Schlichting Preface S. 15-22

„… years ago this week?”1 In his article, Wake refers to the Concluding Document of the third CSCE …” „… launch of separate negotiations on a treaty on conventional armed forces in Europe (CFE) within the CSCE …” „… War and draws conclusions for the future: He recalls the Scientific Forum of the CSCE, which took …”

Loïc Simonet Twenty Years after the Istanbul Platform for Co-operative Security: How Can the OSCE’s Contribution to “Effective Multilateralism” Be Strengthened through Co-operation with Other International and Reg... S. 247-272

„… the CSCE for conflict prevention and crisis management [...]”, CSCE Conference for [sic!] Security …” „… and Co-operation in Europe, 1992 Summit, Helsinki, 9-10 July 1992, CSCE Helsinki Document 1992, The …” „… (Including Fact-Finding and Rapporteur Missions and CSCE Peacekeeping), Peaceful Settlement of Disputes …”

Anita Danka The Contribution of ODIHR’s Assembly Monitoring to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly in the OSCE Region S. 189-204

„… “commitments undertaken in the field of the human dimension of the CSCE [today: OSCE] are matters of direct …” „… 3 Document of the Moscow Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE, Moscow, 3 …” „… , cf. Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… . For the 40th Anniversary of the CSCE/OSCE Scientific Forum 53 The OSCE Participating States …”

Abbreviations S. 337-344

„… Security-Building Measures CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (since January 1995 OSCE) CSDP …”

Miroslav Lajčák The Slovak OSCE Chairmanship in 2019: An Appeal for Stronger Multilateralism and More Dialogue S. 9-14

„… in Europe, the Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) reached across the iron …”

Lamberto Zannier, Eleonora Lotti Integration of Diverse Societies as a Tool for Conflict Prevention – The Experience of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities S. 231-246

„… ), established at the CSCE Helsinki Summit in 1992, proposes a balanced approach to these challenges in The …”

Günther Baechler Using the Status Quo as an Opportunity: OSCE Conflict Management Exemplified by the South Caucasus S. 139-150

„… 1992, the OSCE (then CSCE) established the Minsk Group, originally with 13 participating States …”

Esra Buttanri Climate Change, Global Security, and the OSCE S. 215-230

„… Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) : Final Act of Helsinki, 1 August 1975, p.29, available at …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748906421

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