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Alpay Hekimler, Gerhard Ring - Tarifrecht in Europa

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Alpay Hekimler (ed.), Gerhard Ring (ed.)

Tarifrecht in Europa

Series: Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

Volume 120 2012

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Niels-Erik Wergin, Geoff White Collective Bargaining in the United Kingdom S. 131-158

„… and the EU working time directiveĽ which was transposed into national law in 1998 . The option to …” „… quantitative issues are working time and pay/reward. Important qualitative issues are production technology and …” „… mostly quantitativeĽ including pay and working timeĽ during the inter war period. SinceĽ the Ěregulativeě …”

Edoardo Ales Italienisches Tarifrecht S. 159-184

„… private lawĽ workers cannot be obliged to accept the worsening of working conditions on the sole ground of …” „… noticeě. Generally speakingĽ in case working conditions are regulated by the lawĽ collecľ tive bargaining …” „… account principles ruling contract law at that time. As it has happened in many other European CountriesĽ …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845234991

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OER Osteuropa Recht

Browse Volumes: OER Osteuropa Recht

OER Volume 60 (2014) Issue 2 ISSN Online: 2366-6730

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Marlena Pecyna The Russian and Polish Concept of the Law of Services – A Comparative Review and Some Remarks de lege ferenda S. 171-180

„… Poland – Law of Services 177 processor about such defects within reasonable time. The processor is …” „… private law has adopted the structure of the general part of the law of obligations and the working …” „… special rules of the law of obligations, including the group who is working on the law of services. The …”

Anton Rudokvas, Marina Nokhrina The Contract for Services under the Civil Code of Russia and under the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCRF) S. 198-206

„… should say that the client had no lawful interest in the termination of the contract. At the same time …” „… client at the time of the conclusion of the contract, provided that in the case of a result envisaged but …” „… statutory law5. 1 Jurij Tolstoj/Natalia …”

doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2014-2

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VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee

Browse Volumes: VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee

VRÜ | WCL Volume 11 (1978) Issue 3 ISSN Online: 2941-9603

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Heleen Leetswart Labor Law and Labor Relations in Chile, 1900-1970. A Case Study of Law as a Means of Social Control S. 283-304

„… . All the time, law as such did have a certain credibility for substantial sectors of the working …” „… maintain social peace for the time being. The Socialist Party, one of the major working dass political …” „… institutions represent. Law by its very nature represents an amount of power - both lawn-makers �nd law …”

doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1978-3

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… . Regardless of the civil or common law background of the negotiating party (which is short of time), it is …” „… Contract and Arbitration Practice – the Experience of a German Lawyer, Uniform Law Review (2011), p. 589 …” „… Limitations and the Conflict of Laws, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 28, No. 5 (Mar., 1919), p. 492, available at …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 6 Contract of carriage S. 1134-1138

„… soon to amend the law. In addition, more time was still needed for the European Commission to …” „… the identical provision contained in the CIV UR (see Article 4 § 4 CIV UR). Article 5 Mandatory law …” „… by Rail has been regarded as a consensual contract under international law (Article 6 § 1 of the CIM …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.5 (Future rights) S. 721-723

„… international trend,1 Art. 9.1.5 (the result of intensive discussions between civil and common law lawyers in …” „… right, e.g. in quantity and/or time8 (it must be possible to “split without depreciation of value and …” „… split contracted 30 days of time to review the accounts of one company between two companies)10 and (ii …”

Marco Torsello Article 33 CISG S. 181-185

„… , English translation available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/011112g1.html. Art. 33 CISG PART III …” „… ), 23 June 1998, English translation available at http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cas es/980623g1.html. 13 …” „… , English abstract available at http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/ca ses/081209s4.html. 24 See ICC Incoterms 2010 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.14 (Rights related to the right assigned) S. 738-739

„… reason for the Working Group not to follow the civil law approach as first proposed in the initial draft …” „… discussion which is otherwise bound to arise between differently trained civil and common law lawyers. For …” „… civil law trained lawyers the assignment will include only certain and not ‘all’ security rights. From a …”

Peter Csoklich Article 19 S. 945

„… the goods in time is governed by the applicable national law.2 II. Delay in delivery Delay occurs …” „… the agreed time-limit or the reasonable time, taking into account the normal working hours at the …” „… when the goods have not been delivered within the agreed time-limit or when, failing an agreed …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 40 Registrable non-consensual rights or interests S. 1402

„… related to those services. States may only declare rights existing under national law. Where the law of …” „… at any time in a declaration deposited with the Depositary of the Protocol list the categories of …” „… . Such a declaration may be modified from time to time. Contracting States may declare non consensual …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.8 (Termination of a contract for an indefinite period) S. 582-583

„… terminated by either party by giving notice a reasonable time in advance. As to the effects of termination in …” „… Indefinite Period of Time Contracts with an ‘indefinite period’ can be found in two sets of circumstances: (i …” „… being bound for an indefinite period of time) and provides a chance to adapt to market developments …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 23 CISG S. 114-115

„… domestic law). 15 A proposal dealing with conditions precedent and subsequent was rejected by the Working …” „… laws on insolvency, economic or governmental regulation, or taxation. Time of conclusion is already …” „… )), the contract is formed at the time of performance.4 In rare situations of acceptance by silence due to …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 S. 431-432

„… Working Group, UNCITRAL Yb. III (1972) supp. 50-54; Sumulong, ‘International Trade Law and the United …” „… law which are presumably and ordinarily much longer than regular time limits. This relates to actions …” „… brainchild of the late 1970 s, the all time high of hovercrafts. (e) expressly caters for electricity. Thus …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 S. 429-430

„… the Working Group, UNCITRAL Yb. III (1972) supp. 45-50; Sumulong, ‘International Trade Law and the …” „… rate instruments.12 On the other hand, anything like “The Uniform Sales Law does not apply to this …” „… contract” might exclude both Conventions.13 Choosing the law of a non- Contracting State as the law …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 51 Future Protocols S. 1410

„… Article 50 Internal transactions 1. A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification …” „… applicable law. Declarations made under Art 50(1) trigger the registrability of national interests which, by …” „… Future Protocols 1. The Depositary may create working groups, in co-operation with such relevant …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 50 Internal transactions S. 1410

„… Article 50 Internal transactions 1. A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification …” „… applicable law. Declarations made under Art 50(1) trigger the registrability of national interests which, by …” „… Future Protocols 1. The Depositary may create working groups, in co-operation with such relevant …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 20 CISG S. 102-104

„… laws on time calculation are displaced by Art. 20.2 II. Time begins to run for period of acceptance An …” „… the contract is at stake.96 Article 20 CISG (1) A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror …” „… period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror by telephone, telex or other means of instantaneous …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Introduction Introduction Dir. 2011/7/EU S. 1305-1306

„… Commission Staff Working Paper on the problem of the time taken to make payments in commercial transactions …” „… , ‘Retention of Title and the EC Late Payment Directive’, Journal of Corporate Law Studies 2001 (cited as …” „… “McCormack, Journal of Corporate Law Studies 2001”); Oelsner, ‘Zwingendes Recht im Geschäftsverkehr durch die …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 53 Signature, Ratification and Entry into Force S. 1243

„… . Calculating time limits is a procedural matter subject to the law of the court seized. If German law is …” „… in this Convention means calendar days, not working days. Article 52 appears to be self-explanatory …” „… Air Law held at Montreal from 10 to 28 May 1999. After 28 May 1999, the Convention shall be open to …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 52 Definition of Days S. 1243

„… . Calculating time limits is a procedural matter subject to the law of the court seized. If German law is …” „… in this Convention means calendar days, not working days. Article 52 appears to be self-explanatory …” „… Air Law held at Montreal from 10 to 28 May 1999. After 28 May 1999, the Convention shall be open to …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.1 (Scope of the Chapter) S. 761-764

„… Working Goup),2 in some jurisdictions like Scotland the passage of time would lead to a ‘strong’ effect …” „… details), with various national laws5 and international instruments, i.e. European law6 and the UN …” „… light of the different training of lawyers in civil and common law countries the issue of limitation of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.6 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed at one time) S. 669-671

„… to property law and are qualified differently (as compared to ‘contract law’) by most arbitration …” „… and/or private international law regimes (→ Introduction no. 17 at H). Any claims for restitution are …” „… 7.3.6 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed at one time) (1) On termination of a …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 12 Transposition S. 1358-1360

„… Directive into national law in time. This was the case inter alia with Germany, where the rules were only …” „… of national law but, after expiration of the time limit for implementation, it may produce ‘similar …” „… Council and the Commission on better law-making18 encourages Member States to draw up tables for …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.2 (Effects of joint and several claims) S. 818-819

„… , on the other hand’, ibidem) which was rejected by the Working group, see Fontaine, Unif. Law Rev …” „… own name61 (which, from the obligor’s perspective, bears the risk of multiple law suits).62 As this …” „… notice under Art. 7.1.5 granting additional time for performance,63 or, from the obligor’s perspective, a …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 24 CISG S. 116-129

„… burden of proving not only that the declaration reached the addressee,6 but also the time it reached them …” „… modern communications were barely conceivable at the time. The distinction originally proposed was …” „… delivered’,10 but this was rejected by the Working Group in favour of greater flexibility to deal with …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 10 Remedies of conditional seller or lessor S. 1375-1377

„… in Article 1(m)(iii) who have given notice of their rights to the chargee within a reasonable time …” „… remaining balance to the chargor. Article 9 Vesting of object in satisfaction; redemption 1. At any time …” „… taking account of any payment to be made by the chargee to any of the interested persons. 4. At any time …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introductory Remarks S. 674

„… damage,4 while English law requires that the damage be “not too remote” from the event.5 At the same time …” „… section on damages are based on the CISG and/or resemble to the Principles of European Contract Law (“PECL …” „… Principles provide a comparative legal compromise between civil law and common law. Both civil and common law …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.9 (Non-assignment clauses) S. 727-728

„… interest better than English law).6 The balance developed by the working group overcomes various national …” „… is effective if the assignee, at the time of the assignment, neither knew nor ought to have known of …” „… of Third Parties in: von Mehren (ed.), Int. Encyc. of Comp. Law, vol VII, chapter 13, paras. 73-79 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.6 (Liability of agent acting without or exceeding its authority) S. 530

„… ’ as a Matter of Non-Contractual Law In many legal systems corporate and/or commercial law requires the …” „… and/or company law)18 in a commercial register which, as a matter of commercial law, documents the power …” „… (after thorough discussions including alterations over time).1 The international compromise2 in para. 1 …”

Article 28 Unit of account S. 1065

„… conventions or national law may provide that in case of a nuclear incident either the operator of a nuclear …” „… respective international conventions or national law may further provide that it is only the operator or …” „… International Monetary Fund (Article 28 sentence 1). The SDR is widely used in international transport law and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.3 (Availability of defences against joint and several obligees) S. 820-824

„… the time line, such as e.g. providing electricity on the construction site); (iv) Art. 7.1.6 (an …” „… . 11.2.3 no. 2, p. 1259 (pointing out that the issue was ‘barely’ discussed in the Working Group). This …” „… assessment might underestimate that (i) each member of the Working Group and the observers would actually all …”

Petra Butler Article 47 CISG S. 243-248

„… time- period declaration; John Honnold/Harry Flechtner, Uniform Law for International Sales under the …” „… repair is reasonable; 3. the buyer requested repair within the time limits under Article 46(2); and 4 …” „… additional period of time of reasonable length for performance by the seller of his obligations. (2) Unless …”

Gilles Cuniberti Introduction S. 1363-1366

„… Engines’, (2004) 69 Journal of Air Law and Commerce 3; Cuming, ‘Overview of the Convention on …” „… international Congress of comparative law (2014) 269; Fresnedo de Aguirre, ‘Proyecto de Ley Modelo …” „… asset-based financing’, (2002) Uniform Law Review 3 and (2003) Uniform Commercial Code Law Journal 1; Goode …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.12 (Defences in contributory claims) S. 808-811

„… several civil law countries around the globe.22 It permits subrogation (and does so even in case of …” „… law may take precedence over para. 225 (Art. 1.4). Article 11.1.12 (Defences in contributory claims) A …” „… . 11.1.12 no. 7; see also the discussion of the Working Group (2009) Study L – Misc. 29, paras. 578-598. 9 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… in time, first in right’ or ‘follow the leader in time’ approach. Case law from other Contracting …” „… which extent they can do so effectively and validly, is to be answered by the private international law …” „… from by agreement; that choice is not elevated to the higher rank of a proper conflictual choice of law …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.2 (Interference by the other party) S. 628-629

„… allowing additional time is required, Arts. 7.1.5(3) and 7.3.1(3)).10 The force majeure concept (Art. 7.1.7 …” „… Brödermann, Choice of Law and Choice of UNIDROIT Principles Clauses in the Shadow of the Dispute Resolution …” „… Clause, in: Hamburg Law Review 2016/1, p. 21, 26 et seq. 13 In this sense also Vogenauer/Schelhaas Art …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 10 Recovery procedures for unchallenged claims S. 1353-1356

„… versés’) is not a specified legal term in European Union law, which results in an uncertainty about its …” „… interpreted in the light of national law. Article 10 Recovery procedures for unchallenged claims 1. Member …” „… Schulte-Braucks/Ongena, ERPL 2003, 535. 14 Cf. McCormack, Journal of Corporate Law Studies 2001, 509 et seq. Art. 10 …”

Raimond Emde Article 3 S. 1272

„… aggregators working in mail-order firms. Although it must be conceded that the part-time pursuit of the …” „… principle of EU law, it prescribes a minimum standard of lawful conduct. The practical need results from the …” „… the case law”.1 Good faith is crucial for the model of the commercial agency contract. As a general …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.6 (Effect of release or settlement) S. 795-797

„… some national laws of the Roman-French law family,2 para. 1 provides for a partial discharge of the …” „… (referring to the laws of Belgium, France as contrasted with diverging Dutch law), see also Vogenauer/Meier …” „… at the same time”). 5 Vogenauer/Meier Art. 11.1.5 no. 3. 6 For details see Vogenauer/Meier Art …”

Peter Csoklich Article 13 S. 929-930

„… at a time when the carrying out of such instructions is no longer possible or if the instruction …” „… interferes with the normal working of the carrier’s undertaking or prejudice the senders or consignees of …” „… exhaustively determine the persons entitled to sue the carrier: Under the applicable national law as well as …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.2 (Full compensation) S. 676-678

„… by causation (i.e. as a ‘direct consequence’ (meeting the ‘but for-test’ of common law lawyers or the …” „… ‘sine qua non-test’ of civil law lawyers))5 with the non-performance (whereby the foreseeability …” „… )), the right to grant an additional time period for performance (Art. 7.1.5(2) sentence 1); the right to …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 9 Retention of title S. 1351-1352

„… debtor to fulfil his obligations in an even shorter amount of time than required by the Late Payment …” „… designated by private international law that the seller retains title to goods until they are fully paid for …” „… considerable leeway when transposing the retention of title clause into national law.2 The European legislator …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.1 (Definitions) S. 813-817

„… ” discussions in the Working Group over several years,3 3 Vogenauer/Meier Art. 11.1.12 no. 2. 4 Again …” „… Vogenauer/Meier Art. 11.1.13 no. 4. 1 Fontaine, Unif. Law Rev. 2011, 549, 559; Vogenauer/Meier Art. 11.2.1 no. 6 …” „… inter alia due to the opposite presumptions in civil law (separate obligations) and common law (joint …”

Raimond Emde Article 4 S. 1272-1273

„… aggregators working in mail-order firms. Although it must be conceded that the part-time pursuit of the …” „… principle of EU law, it prescribes a minimum standard of lawful conduct. The practical need results from the …” „… faith has developed that is detached from national laws.2 What the ECJ case law provides on the content …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 CISG S. 11-19

„… . 20 Korkein Oikeus (www.cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/051014f4.html). 21 BG CISG-online No. 1319. 22 …” „… autonomously without recourse to domestic law. The CISG is an instrument of internationally uniform substantive …” „… law. Bur for Art. 1 (1), it does not contain conflict rules on private international law. The CISG is …”

Stefan Kröll Article 4 Credits v. Contracts S. 1430-1432

„… has been described as a “practical working framework for the doctrine of independence”.2 In the end …” „… , it is anyway the applicable national law which forms the legal basis for the independence doctrine …” „… enforce it, by contrast, are defined by the national law.3 In most jurisdictions the fraud exception …”

Article 29 Additional national provisions S. 1065-1067

„… conventions or national law may provide that in case of a nuclear incident either the operator of a nuclear …” „… respective international conventions or national law may further provide that it is only the operator or …” „… International Monetary Fund (Article 28 sentence 1). The SDR is widely used in international transport law and …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… , then deployed a working group of government experts of the 6 Member States at the time at the beginning …” „… not protected by Ingmar is the national law in relation to other EU laws, as the connection between …” „… agents and stipulates this law as mandatory over other European laws. The chosen law of another EU state …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 30 Effects of insolvency S. 1391-1394

„… interest is effective under the applicable law. 3. Nothing in this Article affects: (a) any rules of law …” „… law. 6. Sub-paragraph (a) of the preceding paragraph shall not preclude the use of the aircraft object …” „… the time specified in paragraph 2, it has cured all defaults other than a default constituted by 12 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Mankowski Commercial Law BUT_Mankowski_3315-6.indd 1 30.10.18 09:21 International and European …” „… Business Law by Schulze / Lehmann Commercial Law Article-by-Article Commentary edited by Peter Mankowski …” „… . Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is …”

Raimond Emde Article 2 S. 1266-1271

„… considered secondary by the law of that Member State. Articles 1 and 2 regulate the subject matter (factual …” „… that provisions of national law and the trade practices that do not contradict the provisions of the …” „… Directive applies exclusively – and thus narrower than the German law – for the commercial agent …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 7 Unfair contractual terms and practices S. 1342-1349

„… according to the applicable national law before the courts or before competent administrative bodies on the …” „… determined by national law). The term should not be interpreted restrictively and shold also cover clauses in …” „… national law. As a result, the Late Payment Directive covers individually negotiated terms as well as …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 11 Meaning of default S. 1378

„… creditor may at any time agree in writing as to the events that constitute a default or otherwise give rise …” „… delay in payment will typically not qualify.2 11 Legal Advisory Panel of the Aviation Working Group …” „… Kozuka (ed), Implementing the Cape Town Convention and the Domestic Laws on Secured Transactions …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 19 Exercise of the right to dispose of the goods S. 1152

„… subsequent modifications must be possible, lawful and reasonable to require at the time when the orders reach …” „… the person who is to carry them out, and must in particular neither interfere with the normal working …” „… requirement with respect to subsequent modification of the contract of carriage, is that it has to be lawful …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Ulrich Becker, Franz Müntefering - 50 Jahre EU - 50 Jahre Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs zum Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

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Ulrich Becker (ed.), Franz Müntefering (ed.)

50 Jahre EU - 50 Jahre Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs zum Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

Series: Studien aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik

Volume 41 2008

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Niklas Bruun The Impact of National Labour and Social Law on the Law of the European Community S. 65-77

„… different perceptions of whether working time regulation should be regarded as falling under the legislative …” „… maintaining the improvements made”. When the UK tried to nullify the Working Time Directive (93/104/EC, later …” „… of working time. Instead, the Court adopted a very pragmatic approach. It emphasised that the powers …”

Barbara KRESAL Slovenian Labour and Social Law in Relation to the EC Law S. 77-91

„… working time). Not only the adopted directives, but also proposals of directives which up until now did …” „… labour and social disputes refer to the EC law: one of them dates back to the time before the accession …” „… aspects of organisation of working time.22 In the database of the Higher Labour and Social Court, there …”

Brian BERCUSSON The European Court of Justice, Labour Law and ILO Standards S. 41-65

„… matters related to… labour law and working conditions”. However, initiatives by the Commission and the …” „… action contravene free movement rules, this would violate Community law’s protection of these fundamental …” „… ", (1997) 26 Industrial Law Journal.225. 42 See B.A. Hepple, Labour Laws and Global Trade, Hart, Oxford …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210179

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