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Michael J. Pagliaro - Basic Elements of Music

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Michael J. Pagliaro

Basic Elements of Music

2016

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Chapter 16. Music Theory S. 153-166

„… which musicians read to play music.154 Chapter 16Clefs—Clefs are symbols used to assign a particular …” „… permit one to write music on the staff that, due to the music’s range, would otherwise have to be written …” „… create a particular tonality or musical center of gravity. Music is usu-ally written based on scales such …”

Chapter 15. Form in Music S. 145-152

„… 14515Form in MusicMusicologists and theorists have analyzed the structure of music throughout the …” „… of the death of Jesus Christ set to choral music.Pastorale A musical selection expressing through …” „… sing.)Chamber music A musical composition written specifically for performance in a small chamber by a …”

Chapter 1. An Overview of the History of Music S. 1-20

„… by musicolo-gists for having significantly influenced the expansion of chamber music and the musical …” „… 11An Overview of the History of MusicThe amount of information available on the history of music is …” „… MUSICAs stated in the introduction, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines music as “the science or art of …”

Preface

„… Basic Elements of MusicBasic Elements of MusicA Primer for Musicians, Music Teachers, and …” „… 9781442257801 (electronic)Subjects: LCSH: Musical instruments. | Music—History and criticism.Classification: LCC …” „… for musicians, music teachers, and students / Michael J. Pagliaro.Description: Lanham, Maryland …”

Conclusion S. 187-192

„… http://learn.midsouthcc.edu/learningObjects/music/MusicalForm/Musical _Form.htmlChapter 16http://musictheoryblog.blogspot.com/http://www.8 …” „… Musical Instruments (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992).Philip Bohlman, World Music: A Very Short …” „… Guide to Musical Analysis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994).Nicholas Cook, Music: A Very Short …”

Chapter 19. The Role of the Conductor S. 181-186

„… clef that introduces that line of music.Remember, the singers and the instrumentalists all perform one …” „… , which is the universal language of music.Adagio Slow tempo.Alla In the style of . . .; like …” „… line of music.Remember, the singers and the instrumentalists all perform one note at a time in one …”

Chapter 17. Ensembles S. 167-170

„… and/or brass as needed for the music.String Orchestra—Usually small to medium in size, this orchestra has …” „… double basses in numbers prescribed by the music.The woodwind section includes flutes, a piccolo if …” „… electronic instruments such as guitars and keyboards, depending on the requirements of the music.Concert or …”

About the Author S. 201-202

„… musical instrument companies still in operation, and inventor and patent holder of four music-related …” „… BS in music, MA in music education, MS in school administration and supervision, and ScD in musical …” „… , supervisors, and professionals in the field of music.Throughout his professional career, Pagliaro has held the …”

Chapter 18. Anatomy of an Opera S. 171-180

„… . However, over time its meaning metamorphosed into an assortment of vocal music–related definitions. The …” „… music.Comprimario Second performer to the primary role.Continuo A system of music composition common during the …” „… female opera singer of note.Duet A musical composition performed by two musicians.Encore Italian for …”

Chapter 14. How Percussion Instruments Work S. 131-144

„… special-effects percussion items needed for the music at hand.Tuning Adjusting the pitch of a musical …” „… indefinite pitched drums should be a percussive sound ap-propriate to the type of music to be performed …” „… . Definite pitched instruments should be tuned to the pitch indicated in the music to be played.Bass …”

Chapter 12. Percussion Instruments Defined S. 119-124

„… most music performing groups. But these instruments do not share the complexity in design, playing …” „… manner in music performance. These items can fall into any one of the four above-mentioned categories …” „… above.Cymbals—Cymbals are used to enhance and color music of every type. They can produce an endless variety of effects …”

Chapter 7. The History of Brass Instruments S. 67-76

„… be the tuba of the cornetto family. In liturgical music the bass cornetto provided the bass line. The …” „… , be suitable for a greater variety of music. It was the invention of the valve that finally produced …” „… lengths at the ready to change when the music required different pitches. The next step in the evolution …”

Chapter 4. The History of Non-fretted String Instruments S. 35-48

„… centuries showing the instruments being played.Numerous music-producing devices with a body of some sort …” „… musical horizons to include a broader spectrum of solo and larger ensemble music. Expanding the …” „… instrumentation and intensity of the music gave rise to numerous bowing techniques needed to satisfy those musical …”

Chapter 13. The History of Percussion Instruments S. 125-130

„… instruments. Thus, the early cymbal was born to become a fixture in the Turkish music world.128 Chapter 13As …” „… music genre. Today Turkish cymbal makers are recognized by many as the ultimate producers of fine …” „… music world.Prior to the development of ensemble music as we know it today, cymbals were used in ancient …”

Chapter 11. How Woodwind Instruments Work S. 95-118

„… are not commonly found in the scores of much music.All saxophone models are almost identical in …” „… music who were in competition with their brass-playing counterparts. Simultaneously, the saxophone was …” „… . Unfortunately, oboists cannot go to the local music dealer and select a mouthpiece Figure 11.11. Oboe Player’s …”

Chapter 10. The History of Woodwind Instruments S. 87-94

„… in all categories of instrumental music.DOUBLE REED INSTRUMENTSShawm—The shawm, dating back to the …” „… , musicianship, and creativity, combined with a sensitivity to the science and esthetics of music production, all …” „… on the basis of anecdotal evidence from individuals in the European music world of the seventeenth …”

Chapter 2. Sound Production S. 21-30

„… music. The coupled device is limited to producing only those sounds that are fundamental to the physical …” „… be musically uninteresting. When a tone is generated on a musical instrument, it is almost always …” „… note.Fingerings The term used in music to address the pattern of fingers used to produce a given note on an …”

Index S. 193-200

„… , 177chalumeau, 89, 100chamber music, 9, 12–14, 148–149chamber orchestra, 149, 168chin rest, 57Chopin …” „… pad, 123, 141, 143prelude, 148, 150, 178presto, 183, 185prima donna, 178primitive music, 1program …” „… music, 19prompter, 178prop, 178psalm, 150purfling, 50–51, 58Rachmaninoff, Sergei Vasilievich, 17range …”

Chapter 6. Brass Instruments Defined S. 59-66

„… assortment of instruments used for a particular piece of music.Intonation The accuracy with which a pitch is …” „… of band and orchestral music as it evolved with the works of Beethoven, Brahms, and Wagner during the …” „… wind instrument. The bell balances the instrument’s intona-tion and tone quality.Brass In music, a term …”

Chapter 3. Non-fretted String Instruments Defined S. 31-34

„… descriptions above for more in-depth information on these items. Note: The universal language for music is …” „… Italian; however, this does not preclude one using any other language to express musical terms. All …” „… musical terms to follow are Italian unless otherwise indicated.Arco Use the bow to play the section.Au …”

Chapter 9. Woodwind Instruments Defined S. 83-86

„… more (Italian, “oboe of love”) An alto oboe in A sounding a third below the oboe.Reed A reed in music …”

Chapter 8. How Brass Instruments Work S. 77-82

„… play music. The slide trombone uses a slide to do this.GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATED TO HOW BRASS …”

Chapter 5. How Non-fretted String Instruments Work S. 49-58

„… instruments in the contemporary music world. These instruments are similar in design, acoustical function …” „… to produce a desired sound when properly installed on a musical instrument.Tailpiece A device to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442257801

Michael Redman - The Best Jobs in the Music Industry

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Michael Redman

The Best Jobs in the Music Industry

2022

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C H A P T E R T E N Music Educator S. 137-150

„… didn’t want to be in the music-editing and music-supervision business and cut us loose to go back on our …” „… required to succeed as musicians, artists, and in the music business.Rapid FireSkill Set—If you can …” „… have a better idea of the possible impact of your early music-career decisions.Before you read any …”

C H A P T E R N I N E Music Editor S. 125-136

„… chance as a music editor, or is this something done by feel, taste, and understanding of music?That’s an …” „… interesting question. There have been highly successful music editors with little college or formal musical …” „… ears, you can use your music-editing success to segue into that kind of job.128 • Chapter NineMusic …”

C H A P T E R E L E V E N Music Executive S. 151-156

„… you still writing music?Unfortunately, I’m not writing music, but I am creating musical moments. I’m …” „… you stay current with the latest trends in music?I keep myself in the loop and listen to everything …” „… Music Industry, my first step is research. I strive to find people in the music business who are …”

C H A P T E R T W E L V E Production Music Libraries S. 157-164

„… . That’s very exciting, and the fact that I’m in this business because I love music.Production Music …” „… film and visual art needs music.Personally, I think the music library business is a great place to be …” „… C H A P T E R T W E L V EProduction Music LibrariesProduction music is written and recorded with …”

C H A P T E R S I X T E E N Music Producer S. 205-222

„… Nashville helped you grow personally? Professionally? Musically?Nashville is a great place for music. For me …” „… to share his ideas about life and love through his music. He decided to become a musician and record …” „… you’re going see a lot of interesting new ways for artists to capitalize on their music.Music Producer …”

C H A P T E R T H I R T E E N Music Supervisor S. 165-190

„… are often hired on a package rate, which includes all production of music, the musicians, the studio …” „… work with those same producers, editors, directors, and composers on a music-driven project that might …” „… you find your music?Well, I find music all over. I’m always reading music magazines, UK music …”

C H A P T E R S E V E N T E E N Music Publishing S. 223-236

„… music-business relationships; a business education is helpful for con-tracts. You should be social and like …” „… needs licensed music.Music publishing involves many jobs, and stories of both success and failure. If …” „… commercial venture that requires music.Many jobs associated with music publishing include the traditional …”

C H A P T E R F I F T E E N Part-Time Musician S. 201-204

„… C H A P T E R F I F T E E NPart-Time MusicianThese are musicians who love music and playing it …” „… careers that would keep them close to music. Being a part-time musician can fill that place in you that …” „… control over what music you play and how often you play out. The challenge is finding musicians who fit …”

C H A P T E R T W E N T Y Session Musician S. 257-270

„… four different studios, and playing four different styles of music.Session Musician • 259Many people …” „… is magic.How important is the ability to read music to a professional session musician?If you want to …” „… instruments and highly regarded specialists in the music industry. 257Chapter TwentySession Musicianclem …”

C H A P T E R T W E N T Y - F O U R Touring Musician S. 295-306

„… C H A P T E R T W E N T Y - F O U RTouring MusicianTouring musicians travel and play with a band …” „… makes it harder to build a full-time career as a touring musician.Financial—$$ to $$$$: Pay for this job …” „… . Just ask around.Location—I would say that if you want to do this and supplement with other music jobs …”

Contributors S. 323-342

„… some of music’s most renowned artists and musicians, such as Bruce Springsteen, Edgar Winter, Todd …” „… , producer, con-ductor, and musician.With more than thirty years’ experience as an attorney in the music …” „… through 1999, Akers was the music director for TNN’s flagship music/talk show, Prime Time Country …”

C H A P T E R F O U R Digital Distribution S. 77-84

„… that loves music?The good thing about Rhapsody is that it’s the perfect job for a musician, because …” „… people in the business, I started out as a music lover and musician. When I got my hands on a guitar at …” „… ten years old, I knew my path would include music.I attended New York University for music technology …”

Preface

„… musicians don’t work—they play music—and, therefore, shouldn’t be respected or compensated for their efforts …” „… Musician?I ask this because there is a difference between loving music and playing it. If you must play music …” „… Rodgers—Private Musician Instruction 146 Daniel Carlin—Professor, USC Thornton School of Music 148Chapter 11 …”

C H A P T E R T H R E E Composer S. 43-76

„… scoring, what are some of the things you should consider when writing game music?My goal is to underscore …” „… game front end, which is game production terminology for the menu music.In most cases, it’s not …” „… perceived value for music.But there’s also the bright side. I’m confident that there will be a streaming …”

C H A P T E R F I V E Entrepreneur S. 85-96

„… in early 2018, Dan was the founder and CEO of Indaba Music.Dan Zaccagnino CEO and Founder, Indaba …” „… MusicDan was one of the founders of Indaba. Their office is located in New York, where they share space …” „… professional network where you could meet other musicians, exchange files, write music together, and produce …”

C H A P T E R S I X Lawyer and Business Affairs S. 97-108

„… representation.Phil Cohen is one of these people, a musician and an executive at Universal. Music brought him to LA …” „… since. I’ve been at Uni-versal more than fifteen years now.Was it hard for you to stop playing music?Yes …” „… to listen to music, or talk about music, or, God forbid . . . pay for music.Through our company …”

Index S. 309-320

„… Get Your Gun (musical), 4Another Goofy Movie (film), 65Apple, 84, 161; Apple Music, 227Arcade Fire …” „… ), 280Chatterbox Music, 232Chester, Gary, 31Chicago (Illinois), 2, 44, 258, 266, 291Chicago (musical …” „… , 86; music-related innovation, 95–96; pitfalls of, 92; risks, 95; self-motivation, 93; skill set …”

C H A P T E R T W E N T Y - T W O Software/Plug-In Developer S. 279-286

„… can start to understand how the computers fit in with the music.Where would we be today without all …” „… contemporary music?When I arrived at Waves, they were working on the “Renaissance” bundle, which is a mastering …” „… , and we’re quick to share Web-based news of interest. We cover music-related trade shows all over the …”

C H A P T E R O N E Audio Engineer S. 1-34

„… thought the musicians would read the music, and I’d record it. “No worries,” I thought. I was sure that I …” „… I decided to write country music!I guess what I am saying here is that you shouldn’t be afraid to …” „… consist of the score or source music—like music in a club or restaurant. Foley editors edit the sounds …”

C H A P T E R T W E N T Y - T H R E E Studio Owner S. 287-294

„… music.Client: Yeah, but I want to own it!Me: Yeah, but you can’t buy stock music—that’s why they call it stock …” „… musician in a way that gives them many options. There’s no easy way to make it in the music business if …” „… with our music.So, yeah, to get to the same number, it doesn’t take a record deal anymore—just a little …”

C H A P T E R E I G H T Mastering Engineer S. 117-124

„… dedication to the sonic excellence we all hope to experience when listening to our favorite music.Today’s …” „… does have more punch. More musical hook than other music, so I listen to that and try to accentuate it …” „… technical expertise to make the final adjustments to a music track before it’s released to the public. This …”

C H A P T E R E I G H T E E N Record Label S. 237-244

„… my music and financed our band. We flew in musi-cians to audition and, ultimately, we hired the best …” „… right direction?You need to have the trust of artists. You should feel passion for music—and for running …” „… ways of listening to music—YouTube, Spotify, et cetera—that don’t involve owning files. That said …”

C H A P T E R F O U R T E E N Orchestrator S. 191-200

„… , because you just want to keep turning the page.If you are working with great musicians and hear music …” „… be passionate about music, know music, and talk like a musician if she expects to get a chance to be …” „… show.Rapid FireSkill Set—A solid music education is a must, because you can’t do this job without one. The …”

Next Steps S. 307-308

„… provide a secure living as well.So, it’s time now—time for you to plan for your future in music!Thank you …” „… successful people in the music 307Next StepsNext StepsLike: Don’t Like: Skills:New music Doing the same thing …” „… the music industry, I must admit that I was not bullish on the future of the business. It’s easy to …”

C H A P T E R T W E N T Y - O N E Songwriter S. 271-278

„… who composes music or writes lyrics for songs for commercial use such as a television show, film …” „… pitching opportunities go. You’ll also need an agent or song plugger to get your music in front of the …” „… music you write.I wrote a lot of music for Disney, and I mean a bunch—more than one thousand jobs—and …”

C H A P T E R T W O Booking Agent S. 35-42

„… continue to play music—and it was a good one. I love the camaraderie and the music.J. J. Cassiere Cofounder …” „… will be, an important cog in the wheel of any successful music machine. If you want to, you can make …” „… family, and even through one of the many online services. However, if you are in the music business …”

About the Author S. 321-322

„… multiple companies, including the Hard Rock Academy, RedHouse, AdJacket, My-MusicSource, Powerhouse Music …” „… , Reeltracs, and others. His passion is, and has always been, music and technology.He is currently an author …” „… About the AuthorMichael Redman is a musician, composer, and serial entrepreneur who has started …”

C H A P T E R N I N E T E E N Road Manager S. 245-256

„… couple of hours and get to release and surrender to the music.Is there a story that you thought was kind …” „… wonder how I got here. What’s the future look like for this type of job?Well, let’s look at music itself …” „… into Todd’s Utopia Video studio, where they were shooting their first music video, and asked if I could …”

C H A P T E R S E V E N Live Sound S. 109-116

„… jobs in the music and audio profession for the exact same reasons. Most of the time, Live Sound • 111 …” „… equipment so it will work for music as well as have perfect high-fidelity audio for the meeting.We also …” „… up pretty quickly as a mixer and specialize in country music or are tied into that community. You …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538137710

Mike Friedrichsen, Gunther Heinrich, Hannes Meyer, Alexander Schmid, Tobias Steimer, Alexander Weimar - Mobile Music

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Mike Friedrichsen, Gunther Heinrich, Hannes Meyer, Alexander Schmid, Tobias Steimer, Alexander Weimar

Mobile Music

Series: Praxisforum Medienmanagement

Volume 13 2013

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Mobile Music S. 25-26

„… Theoretischer Hintergrund 25 2.3 Mobile Music Bei Mobile Music handelt es sich um Musik, die auf …” „… beispielsweise zwei Definitionen von Mobile Music (2008): „[…] eine allgemeine Definition sowie eine …”

Mobile Music in Deutschland S. 83-88

„… „Mobile Music“-Sektor bereits 1.1 Mrd. Euro. (vgl. Clement/ Schuster 2007). Allerdings ist der Markt für …” „… . 6.1.2 Mobile Music im Ausland Verglichen mit Asien fallen die Umsätze des Mobile Music-Bereichs auf dem …” „… verglichen, wobei der Fokus hauptsächlich auf Asien (aufgrund der Vormachtstellung im Mobile Music Bereich …”

Mobile Music im Ausland S. 88-89

„… erwartet. 6.1.2 Mobile Music im Ausland Verglichen mit Asien fallen die Umsätze des Mobile Music-Bereichs …” „… 88 Mobile Music Stellt man diese Zahl den legalen Internetdownloads von 38 Millionen und den …” „… Vertriebsart Digitale Güter wie Klingeltöne, Realtones und ganz allgemein "Mobile Music" sind mit der …”

Mobile Music in mobilen Social Networks S. 81-82

„… nächster Zeit enormen Zuwachs. 5.3.4 Mobile Music in mobilen Social Networks Die derzeitige Form des …” „… erschwert. Für MySpace Music existiert jedoch ein spezielles Programm, das auf Mobiltelefonen mit …” „… Social Network entkoppelt und wird nicht offiziell unterstützt, sodass die 82 Mobile Music Vorteile …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Herausforderungen und Strategien im mobilen MusikmarktMobile MusicMike Friedrichsen | Gunther Heinrich Hannes Meyer …” „… Music-Communities .......................................................... 72 5.3.2 Musik in Social Networks …” „… ......................................................................... 20 2.2 Neue Distributionswege...................................................... 22 2.3 Mobile Music …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 137-144

„… http://www.myspace.com/presse. Napster (2008): Günstige Music-Flatrate. 2008. Letzter Zugriff am 23. Juli 2008 unter …” „… http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Online-Musik-Die-digitale-Mauerfaellt-bei-EMI-und-Apple--/meldung/87754. 138 Mobile Music Bundesnetzagentur (2008): Jahresbericht 2007. S.81ff. 2007. Letzter …” „… S. 101-134. 140 Mobile Music Gehring, Robert A. (2004): Von Gutenberg bis MP3 – DRM im Kontext …”

Geschäftsmodell auf Basis eines Musikportals S. 103-115

„… 8 Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music Im technischen Bereich ist seit der Einführung des volldigitalen …” „… recht genau im innereuropäischen Durchschnitt lag. Europaweit zeigt sich 104 Mobile Music nicht nur …” „… Konsequenz bedeu-Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 105 tet es somit, dass die Abkehr von DRM nicht nur den …”

Neue Distributionswege S. 22-25

„… möglich. Sony BMG startete Anfang 2008 mit dem Angebot Platinum MusicPass, bei dem der Kunde zunächst eine …” „… 22 Mobile Music 2.2 Neue Distributionswege Die Musik als Informationsgut wurde über viele …” „… „Mobile Music“, also Musiktiteln oder ähnlichen immateriellen Gütern (z. B. Klingeltöne), die auf mobile …”

Forschungsstand und Datenmaterial S. 11-13

„… Vergleich des Mobile Music-Bereiches ist Deutschland auf den hinteren Rangplätzen zu finden. Vor allem im …” „… pro Musikstück bzw. durch Abonne-12 Mobile Music mentszahlungen die Kommerzialisierung des …” „… Bereichen des Downloads und Mobile Music bei weitem noch nicht ausgeschöpft und es bedarf weiterer Schritte …”

Stärken- / Schwächen- und Chancen- / Risikoanalyse des Portals S. 119-123

„… , die das Potenzial des „Mobile Music“-Marktes ebenfalls erkennen. Ähnlich aufgestellte Geschäftsmodelle …” „… Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 119 Sicherstellung des langfristigen Erfolgs des Geschäftsmodells …” „… , der mit einer Ersteinrichtung des Dienstes verbunden ist. Der Einkauf 120 Mobile Music der Lizenzen …”

Ausprägungen und Entwicklungen von DRM in der Vergangenheit S. 52-55

„… über das Internet wurde DRM in legalen Angeboten von Anfang an eingesetzt. MusicNet und Pressplay …” „… kamen DRM-Mechanismen zum Einsatz, welche die Nutzung auf der Kundenseite reglementierten. Bei MusicNet …” „… der Tauschbörsen durchsetzen (vgl. Tynan 2006). Etwa ein Jahr nach dem Start von MusicNet und …”

Wertschöpfung S. 93-97

„… 7 Ökonomische Basis für Mobile Music 7.1 Wertschöpfung Gerade in Zeiten einer hohen Innovations …” „… zusammenfallen.“ Dies bedeutet, dass die Musik sich zu 94 Mobile Music der Zeit, als es noch keine Kassetten …” „… Bereich „Mobile Music“ lässt sich in verschiedenen Detaillierungsgraden beschreiben. Angefangen bei der …”

Gegenüberstellung der Stärken/Schwächen und Chancen / Risiken und Ableitung von Handlungsoptionen S. 123-126

„… Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 123 Abbildung 34: Auswirkungen und Beeinflussbarkeit der …” „… gering hoch Beeinflussbarkeit Auswirkungen 124 Mobile Music Stärken …” „… die Einrichtung mehrsprachiger Versionen erforderlich sein. Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 125 …”

Fazit S. 135-136

„… Online-Vertriebes wie zum Beispiel MusicNet jedoch ist das hier vorgeschlagene Geschäftsmodell auf Basis eines …” „… Umsatzzahlen, eine Vormachtstellung des iTunes Music Store und ein schlechtes Image der Musikwirtschaft im …” „… bessere technische Möglichkeiten besitzen. Darüber hinaus liegt eine grundsätzliche 136 Mobile Music …”

Der deutsche Tonträgermarkt S. 57-62

„… ein, ab 2006 die Erlöse aus dem „Mobile Music“-Bereich. Blickt man auf die prozentualen Anteile der …” „… - und Mobile Music-Bereich zurückgeführt werden kann. Die folgende Grafik illustriert die Anteile der …” „… tumsatz des (Quelle Tonträgerm: BundesverbaMoarktes nd Musikindusbile Music trie 2008 …”

Zielgruppen und Marktanalyse S. 97-102

„… Ökonomische Basis für Mobile Music 97 gespeichert und transferiert, nur eben über ein anderes …” „… zricht_1Q_2029 jährigen ereich der H100%94%96%93%88%%%96%97%94%89%%bile Music im prionsraten ermaßen en …” „… Mobile Music 99 zung dar. Diese liegt 116 Euro über der durchschnittlichen Handyausgaben von 222 Euro …”

Technische Voraussetzungen S. 115-119

„… Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 115 tribution können den Musikunternehmen dabei helfen, den …” „… komfortabel ge-116 Mobile Music nutzt werden kann. Ein partielles Scheitern durch Ausgrenzung …” „… Auswir-Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 117 kungen auf die Adaption des Portals zur Folge und Erstkunden könnten nicht in …”

Best-Case S. 126-129

„… 126 Mobile Music Schwächen (Verteidigungen entwickeln, um vorhandene Schwächen nicht zum Ziel …” „… "Mobile Music" herunterzuladen letztendlich abbricht. Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 127 8.3.1 Best-Case …” „… sich das Stück zunächst 128 Mobile Music auszugsweise anhören und entscheidet dann, ob er es kaufen …”

Netzwerk S. 27-36

„… 3 Technische Entwicklungen Um eine erfolgreiche Strategie für den Mobile Music-Markt zu entwickeln …” „… Standard der 3. Generation GSM in den nächsten Jahren verdrängen wird. 28 Mobile Music GSM-Netzwerke …” „… verfügbare Geräte ohne UMTS unterstützen diesen Standard meist. Sie ermöglichen Über-30 Mobile Music …”

Gegenstand und Fragestellung S. 13-16

„… Betrachtungsgegenstands Mobile Music integriert. Eine empirische Studie von Universal, die sich u. a. mit möglichen …” „… zugleich zu einem verstärkten intersektoralen Wettbewerb“ 14 Mobile Music (Kouredsidis 2008). Diese …” „… Mobile Music. Im Schlusskapitel dieser Studie werden dann entsprechende Erörterungen realistischer …”

Schlussfolgerungen S. 131-134

„… Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 131 stellt keine derartige Funktion bereit. Beim Abschluss der …” „… Misserfolg von Mobile Music wesentlich sind. Vergleicht man die Szenarien miteinander und bringt sie in …” „… Pendeln in öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln genutzt werden können. 132 Mobile Music Des Weiteren ist eine …”

Mobile Social Networks S. 78-81

„… 78 Mobile Music Musik spezialisierte Plattformen lassen sich für die Musikwirtschaft Erfolge im …” „… Standort 80 Mobile Music des Nutzers zugeschnitten. So können sich im Bereich von Communities …” „… nächster Zeit enormen Zuwachs. 5.3.4 Mobile Music in mobilen Social Networks Die derzeitige Form des …”

Konsequenzen für die Vertriebsart S. 89-92

„… Klingeltöne, Realtones und ganz allgemein "Mobile Music" sind mit der Distribution und Vertriebsart physischer …” „… , wie es bei-90 Mobile Music spielsweise bei Tonträgern der Fall ist, keine Transaktionskosten mit …” „… dargestellte Analyse der digitalen Musikdistribution in den Kontext „Mobile Music“, so lassen sich einige der …”

Worst-Case S. 129-131

„… Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 129 verwaltungssoftware. Der Anbieter, bei dem Max zuvor das neue …” „… schon ihre Freunde erzählt haben. 130 Mobile Music Im Bus auf dem Weg zur Schule hat Nina Zeit, um …” „… weiß, ob es ihr gefallen wird, aber der Anbieter Geschäftsmodell Mobile Music 131 stellt keine …”

Einflüsse des Internet S. 62-66

„… 62 Mobile Music 5.1.2 Einflüsse des Internet Das Internet hat mittlerweile einen wichtigen …” „… Produkten erwartet, um ihnen einen persönlichen 64 Mobile Music Touch geben zu können und sich von der …” „… Kaufabtnutzer g 2008) größere „norma-66 Mobile Music len“ WWW als „One Web“ (vgl. World Wide Web Consortium …”

Die Zukunft von DRM in der Online-Musikdistribution S. 55-56

„… ungeschützten Track in der gleichen Qualität gezahlt hätten (vgl. Pohl et al. 2007). Experten 56 Mobile Music …” „… forderte er von den vier großen Unternehmen der Musikbranche (Universal Music, Sony BMG, Warner und EMI …” „… Music bot testweise von August 2007 bis Januar 2008 DRM-freie Musikdownloads über zahlreiche …”

Konvergenz S. 20-22

„… 20 Mobile Music bei Programmen wie WinZip oder WinRar zum Einsatz kommt, werden Redundanzen so …” „… gesendet werden. 22 Mobile Music 2.2 Neue Distributionswege Die Musik als Informationsgut wurde über …” „… „Mobile Music“, also Musiktiteln oder ähnlichen immateriellen Gütern (z. B. Klingeltöne), die auf mobile …”

Kundenbedürfnisse und –akzeptanz im Mobile Commerce S. 66-69

„… 66 Mobile Music len“ WWW als „One Web“ (vgl. World Wide Web Consortium 2005) auf mobile …” „… . Besonders im Bereich Mobile Music liegen diese Länder weltweit an der Spitze. Diese Entwicklung wurde …” „… Netzbetreiber einen Vorteil, da sie Tele-68 Mobile Music fone von Haus aus mit der nötigen Software versehen …”

Nutzungszahlen und Penetrationsraten von mobilen Endgeräten in Deutschland S. 37-42

„… . bei mehr als einem Vertrag auf einen Einwohner (2006: 103,9 Prozent). 38 Mobile Music Abbildung …” „… . 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%110%19961997199819992000200120022003200420052006PenetrationsrateJahrDeutschlandEuropa40 Mobile Music Nach einer Studie der GfK (2008) lag auf …” „… 020.00040.00060.00080.000100.000120.000140.000160.00019901992199419961998200020022004200620082010201220142016Teilnehmer in TausendJahr42 Mobile Music Sättigung in den Jahren 2009/2010. In diesem Fall würde …”

Populäre Plattformen S. 69-73

„… Angaben haben alle „VZs“ zusammen über acht Millionen Mitglieder. 5.3.1.4 Music-Communities Neben Social …” „… aufgeführt. 70 Mobile Music 5.3.1.1 Facebook Facebook wurde als reines Universitäts-Netzwerk entwickelt …” „… -0200004000060000800001000001200001314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435Alter der Deutschen auf Facebook02.07.08 03.04.0972 Mobile Music nen neue Bilder hinzukommen …”

Musik in Social Networks S. 73-78

„… Mobile Music 5.3.2.2 Zielgruppen Analog zu den Nutzergruppen der Social Networks richtet sich das …” „… werde baanfangenNein, interessinichtKenne ich nichbile Music gruppen, n relativ ing von rch 2008 …” „… inen auf de auf örenhörengenehmts 78 Mobile Music Musik spezialisierte Plattformen lassen sich für …”

Penetrationsraten von mobilen Endgeräten der dritten Generation S. 46-48

„… 46 Mobile Music Abbildung 10: Entwicklung der Teilnehmerzahlen in Japan (Quelle: Eigene …” „… %USADeutschlandFrankreichEnglandItalienJapan2006 200548 Mobile Music BITKOM 2008). Während bei mobilen Musikdiensten technische Grenzen wie …”

Begriffsdefinition S. 49-51

„… models for the distribution of and access to all kinds of digital content - from music and movies to text …” „… Lünicht, dass diepem und datspricht diewicklung vo). In der Praital Rights vgl. Rosenbbile Music 04, S …”

Nutzungszahlen und Penetrationsraten von mobilen Endgeräten im europäischen Ausland S. 42-45

„… 42 Mobile Music Sättigung in den Jahren 2009/2010. In diesem Fall würde sich die Teilnehmerzahl …” „… : 30.00040.00050.00060.00070.00080.00090.0002002 2003 2004 2005 2006Teilnehmer in TausendJahrItalien EnglandFrankreich Deutschland44 Mobile Music …”

Komprimierung S. 19-20

„… . Ein kopiert önnen in die ver-Beispiel 20 Mobile Music bei Programmen wie WinZip oder WinRar zum …”

Nutzungszahlen und Penetrationsraten von mobilen Endgeräten im Ausland S. 45-46

„… einer Gesamtpopulation von 127,7 Millionen Menschen bei etwa 78,3 Prozent. 46 Mobile Music Abbildung …”

Digitalisierung S. 18-19

„… 18 Mobile Music digitalen Bild auf zwei Ebenen erschwert. Auf der ersten Ebene steht der …”

Endgeräte S. 36-37

„… 36 Mobile Music EUR) gekostet. Hinzu kamen hohe Investitionen in die Netzinfrastruktur, da bei …”

Digital S. 17-18

„… direkt betrachtet werden. Dies wird bei einem 18 Mobile Music digitalen Bild auf zwei Ebenen erschwert …”

Wasserzeichen S. 51-52

„… mögliche Variante in diesem Kontext dar. Diese bezeichnet die „Kunst, eine 52 Mobile Music Botschaft in …”

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Linda J. Clark

Music in Churches

1994

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CHAPTER 1: Music and Faith S. 1-12

„… of music--one that the listener or perfonner hears anew in a very different way. What is entailed in …” „… . Musical Forms as Transmitters of History The music of worship often provokes memories of the past, as that …” „… enough forus." These people are making judgments about the transparency of cer- -tain music-its capacity …”

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: Music in Churches S. 117-121

„… music in the liturgy," McCormick Quarterly, 1967 (21). ---"Calvin's preface to the Psalter," Musical …” „… SELECfED BIBLIOGRAPHY Music in Churches Allen, Pamela. "Singing a faithful song: Brian Wren's hymns …” „… . Blume, Friedrich. Protestant Church Music. New York: W.W. Norton, 1974. Boyer, Horace Oarence. An …”

CHAPTER 7: Choosing Music for Worship S. 66-78

„… adequate musical resources in order that the connection between its faith and music live and grow. Sounds …” „… Introduction to the book, I asked a question that is related to musical standards: Does the music program have …” „… supply music that is familiar, that operates within the parameters of a congregation's musical vocabulary …”

APPENDIX A: The Questionnaire for the Music in Churches Project S. 83-108

„… : _______ _ (25) The world is filled with all kinds of music. Arrange the following list of "musics" in order of …” „… aassical/symphonic _ 05 Opera 06 Musical comedies 07 Sacred music _ 08 Gospel music (anthems, oratorios, organ music …” „… APPENDIX A The Questionnaire for the Music in Churches Project This questionnaire is an adaptation …”

APPENDIX B: Interview Protocols for the Music in Churches Project S. 109-116

„… with Musician/Head of Music Committee Biographical infonnation: training, how long in church, position …” „… phrases that would describe the music program in this church. 114 The Alban Institute For the musician …” „… APPENDIXB Interview Protocols for the Music in Churches Project These interviews were given by …”

Preface

„… Music in Churches Nourishing Your Congregation's Musical Life Linda J. Clark THE 14~ ALBAN \J …” „… professional musician make all this kind of music off-putting [meaning, I suppose, the less-than-professional …” „… . Becoming a professional musician has intensified that capacity and made me more open to all forms of music …”

CHAPTER 3: Singing in Church S. 24-34

„… solutions to problems that many church musicians and pastors face. Music in Churches 25 The Power of Hymn …” „… ) are significantly different. 32% consider themselves musicians (E36;M29) 64% read music (E68;M60) 44 …” „… liturgical responses. What are the musical capacities of the congregation? Is the music chosen sung well? If …”

CHAPTER 4: The Choir S. 35-45

„… musical organizations, and think they sing well. The music program in their church is vastly more …” „… meaningful and congregations find hymns more meaningful. Musicians enjoy playing music that is increasingly …” „… in a suburban church spoke in enthusiastic terms about the music program in her church and the role …”

CHAPTER 5: The Discipline of Coherence S. 46-52

„… discipline that a church musician develops; along with the technical ones demanded of music makers: that is …” „… . In this task, musicians and congregations are interdependent agents, since coherence between music …” „… its musical life. In churches where there existed a high degree of coherence in worship, the music …”

CHAPTER 6: People Planning Worship S. 53-65

„… musicians planning for Sunday worship. Practicing the discipline of coherence between music and faith …” „… clergy in the sample showed strong interest and training in music! 39% consider themselves musicians; 45 …” „… kind of music to be used in worship are similar. A majority of clergy and a plurality of musicians (63 …”

CHAPTER 8: Conclusion S. 79-82

„… , in one way or another, with the music making in their churches. They were busy providing a musical …” „… should convince people that support for the music program and its musicians is an important …” „… which many church musicians suffer, by spreading out the responsibility for the music in worship to …”

CHAPTER 2: People Speak of Worship S. 13-23

„… CHAPI'ER2 People Speak of Worship Introduction We have been discussing how music expresses and …” „… to listen to people in churches talk about worship, the place where music and faith come together …” „… . These two issues were the central concerns of the Music in Churches project. Because worship is the …”

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Casey Rae

Music Copyright

2021

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MUSIC LICENSING S. 113-138

„… musical work or sound recording, typically for a fee. As previously discussed, some kinds of music …” „… attempt to fly under the radar with music licensing, others—includ-ing music-focused podcasts—don’t use …” „… percentage of your PRO fees.) Music supervisors looking to quickly license musical “beds,” “bumpers,” or …”

GETTING FAMILIAR WITH MUSIC COPYRIGHT S. 1-12

„… others. With recorded music, this includes:• a recorded musical performance• notes on paper or notes …” „… once again that there are two distinct copyrights in music: the musical work and the sound recording …” „… multiple contributors to a musical work, which is why music publishing—the term of art for the exploitation …”

A BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSIC COPYRIGHT S. 13-22

„… A BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSIC COPYRIGHT1 32C H A P T E R 2A B R I E F H I S T O R Y O F M U S I C …” „… earliest recordings on wax cylinders to the Internet—has shaped how music copyright has evolved over the …” „… going.THE PHILOSOPHY OF COPYRIGHTJust as music itself is governed by rules of theory—tones, intervals …”

DIGITAL MUSIC AND THE EVOLUTION OF AN INDUSTRY S. 23-36

„… MUSICWhen I think back on music and the Internet, sure I remember the fights about file sharing, but I also …” „… DIGITAL MUSIC AND THE EVOLUTION OF AN INDUSTRY2 33C H A P T E R 3D I G I T A L M U S I C A N D …” „… phonographic records to radio to downloads to the Internet. Because much of the music industry operates within …”

MUSICAL WORKS AND COPYRIGHT EXCLUSIVITIES S. 37-56

„… exclusivities interact with musical works, you’ll have a leg up in the world of music …” „… think of individual pieces of music as “tracks,” which is to say, recordings by a band or featured …” „… entirely separate copyright. In fact, compositions are the basis for music copyright, period. This is …”

APPENDIX S. 145-148

„… , https://www.musicartistscoalition.com/.Music Business Association (Music Biz): Music commerce member-ship body, https://musicbiz.org/.Music …” „… APPENDIX1 4 5A P P E N D I XA P P E N D I XINDUSTRY AND MUSIC CREATOR ORGANIZATIONSAmericana Music …” „… Association (AMA): Trade organization represent-ing the American roots music community …”

Preface

„… Independent MusicAFM American Federation of MusiciansASCAP American Society of Composers, Authors and …” „… ProvidereCO Electronic Copyright OfficeEMI Electrical and Musical IndustriesGMR Global Music RightsHFA Harry …” „… of myself, but with music, copyright is• musical compositions (think notes and lyrics) and• sound …”

COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION, METADATA, AND DATABASES S. 89-112

„… , it’s likely to get worse. Allen Bargfrede, head of Berklee College of Music’s Rethink Music project …” „… standards for sound recordings and musical works that are distributed digitally. Digital music entrepreneur …” „… a musical work (Universal Music Group controls the Ariana Grande track). Still, from a metadata and …”

NOTES S. 149-156

„… /music-industry-youtube-video-streaming-royalties.CHAPTER 41. “RIAA: The License Has Landed,” Wired, October 9, 2001, accessed Sep-tember 26, 2018 …” „… , https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/business /global/22music.html. 1 5 2 N O T E S 5. David Kravets, “File Sharing …” „… Technica, October 3, 2007, https://arstechnica.com /tech-policy/2007/10/music-industry-exec-p2 …”

FINAL THOUGHTS S. 139-144

„… now, you should have a better sense of how music copyright came to be, including its fitful evolution …” „… alongside technological innovation. You also understand something of how music copyright functions in …” „… what kind of future for music copyright we want, expect, or even deserve.There are many more ways to …”

COPYRIGHT ENFORCEMENT, SAFE HARBORS, AND FAIR USE S. 67-88

„… sudden shift from fans purchasing physical media to downloading music for free. Other musicians struggled …” „… American Federation of Musicians, the Ameri-can Association of Independent Music (A2IM), the RIAA, the …” „… Study: Lenz v. Universal MusicA somewhat recent court case, Lenz v. Universal Music, illustrates the …”

SOUND RECORDINGS AND COPYRIGHT EXCLUSIVITIES S. 57-66

„… music and dis-tribute it online for free or at nominal cost. Platforms like Soundcloud and YouTube allow …” „… anyone to upload their music and, depending on the terms of service, monetize plays or downloads. There …” „… your music is downloaded or streamed. An up-front fee plus yearly re-stock charge means that you’ll …”

INDEX S. 157-160

„… Musicians (AFM), 63, 145Apple Music, 26, 31–32, 42, 44, 70, 132, 136, 140Blockchain, 90, 103, 108–11 …” „… , 129; Tunecore, 46, 59, 77, 106, 129AM/FM radio, 10, 26, 27, 42, 47, 58, 62–64, 116, 124Amazon Music …” „… , 32, 44, 140, 155American Association of Independent Music (A2IM), 72, 75, 145American Federation of …”

ABOUT THE AUTHOR S. 161-162

„… ABOUT THE AUTHOR1 6 1Casey Rae is an author, professor, musician, and music business pro-fessional …” „… Future of Music Coalition, a Washington, DC–based education and advocacy organization for musicians and …” „… based in Vancouver, Washington. As director of music licens-ing for SiriusXM, he oversees the licensing …”

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