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Mark D. Cole, Christina Etteldorf - Future Regulation of Cross-Border Audiovisual Content Dissemination

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Mark D. Cole, Christina Etteldorf

Future Regulation of Cross-Border Audiovisual Content Dissemination

Series: Schriftenreihe Medienforschung der Landesanstalt für Medien NRW

Volume 84 2023

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B. Challenges of a Cross-Border Media Environment in the EU S. 85-114

„… considering the future regulation of cross-border dissemination ofaudiovisual content.1. Existing Regulatory …” „… ApproachesThe ‘heart’ of audiovisual content regulation at EU level lies in the AVMSD.This Directive achieves a …” „… online environment.34However, although the Regulation revolves around ‘illegal’ content bytying several …”

Executive Summary S. 13-42

„… cultural regulation, the ‘heart’ of audiovisual content regulation atEU level lies in the Audiovisual Media …” „… of cross-border dissemination of audiovisual content –whether linear or non-linear – has raised …” „… andits Member States as well as the coherence of applicable rules for audi-ovisual content play an …”

Bibliography S. 263-272

„… , https://www.cep.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/hayek-stiftung.de/cepStudy_Liability_for_illegal_content_online.pdf.Hörnle, Country of Origin Regulation in Cross-Border Media: One Step Beyond theFreedom to Provide …” „… , Video-sharing platforms in AVMSD: a new kind of content regulation, in:Parcu/Brogi (eds.), Research Handbook on …” „… Services Act from Intermediary Liability to Platform Regulation,JIPITEC 12(2021)5, 361.Buri, A Regulator …”

F. Approaches and National Solutions Concerning Current Challenges S. 217-258

„… differs for the regulation of media and content. Where261 See F.III.1.262 Recommendation Rec(2000)23 of …” „… audiovisual media and content regulation, such aslabelling obligations for advertising or joint reactions in …” „… Regulatory Bodies and Cooperation Mechanisms2473. Cooperation under the General Data Protection RegulationAs …”

A. Introduction S. 79-84

„… apparent that the dissemination of audiovisual content with across-border dimension within Europe and from …” „… such content in case of an issue. This question is pertinentfor content in television and on-demand …” „… audiovisual media services aswell as for content disseminated via video sharing platforms. The chal-lenges …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… NomosBAND 84SCHRIFTENREIHE MEDIENFORSCHUNGMark D. Cole | Christina EtteldorfFUTURE REGULATION OF …” „… CROSS-BORDER AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT DISSEMINATIONA Critical Analysis of the Current Regulatory Framework for Law …” „… Act2.AuflageNomosMark D. Cole | Christina EtteldorfVOLUME 84FUTURE REGULATION OF CROSS-BORDER …”

C. The Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD): The Status Quo S. 115-166

„… AVMSD: a newkind of content regulation.103 Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the …” „… kind of content regula-tion, p. 305. Cf. also Cavaliere, Who’s sovereign? The AVMSD’s country of …” „… convergence83. This Green Paper had raised thequestion of the timeliness of the existing regulation – which …”

D. The Institutional Dimension: AVMSD and Beyond S. 167-204

„… EU-wide exchange whenit comes to the application of EU Competition law. Council Regulation(EC) No …” „… also the ERGA Statement of Purpose, http://erga-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ERGA-2019-02 …” „… 10.12.2019, http://erga-online.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ERGA-Rules-of-Procedure-10-12-2019-ver-1 …”

List of Abbreviations S. 75-78

„… . subparagraphSWD Staff Working DocumentTCO Terrorist Content Online (Regulation)TEU Treaty on European UnionTFEU …” „… General Data Protection RegulationGmbH Gesellschaft mit beschränkter HaftungGVBl. Gesetz- und …”

G. Conclusion: On the Way to Enhanced Efficiency and a Modernised Regulatory Framework S. 259-262

„… dissemination of audiovisual content inorder to adequately and comprehensively protect citizens and the …” „… societyin the Union, irrespective of the nature of the harmfulness of the content,the means of dissemination …” „… the law in cases of cross-border dissemination ofaudiovisual content.270 In short term the agreement …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748939856

Carsten Ullrich - Unlawful Content Online

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Carsten Ullrich

Unlawful Content Online

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 21 2021

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Chapter 3 - Intermediaries and unlawful content – challenges in internet regulation S. 98-224

„… Name System: ICANN’s Ambivalent Drift into Online Content Regulation.(Internet Corporation for Assigned …” „… - Intermediaries and unlawful content – challenges in internet regulation The subject matter of …” „… : Conceptualising the Informal Regulation of Online Content’ [2019] Internet Policy Review Fn 1. or Lina M Khan …”

Chapter 6 - A new framework for online intermediary responsibility S. 453-539

„… , evaluate and control risks related to unlawful content on their systems. Regulations, they argue are not …” „… cyberlibertarians of the 1990s, these selfor even autoregulatory structures have been extended to content regulation …” „… entrenched further by the private contractual arrangements between platforms and users. Content regulation …”

Chapter 1 - Introduction S. 31-58

„… regulation that are better suited to include internet intermediaries in the fight against illegal content …” „… Dissemination of Online Content: Current and Possible Future Regulation of the Online Environment with a Focus …” „… content regulation and liability rules of online platforms, based on risk regulation and duty of care …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… Private regulation of terrorist content and technological developments III. 281 EU regulationIV. 286 …” „… Cole/Etteldorf/Ullrich, Cross-Border Dissemination of Online Content – Current and Possible Future Regulation of the …” „… internet regulation Chapter 3 98 The subject matter of internet governanceA. 98 Infrastructure1. 98 Content …”

Chapter 4 - Sectoral frameworks and the E-Commerce Directive – the enforcement gaps S. 225-417

„… . Furthermore, the EU exercises peripheral influence in content regulation where EU constitutional principles …” „… instruments for protecting these principles in certain areas of online content regulation, such as codes of …” „… content regulation between Member States and this has an influence on the interaction with EU law, and …”

Bibliography S. 580-642

„… into Online Content Regulation.(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)’ (2017) 74 Brown A …” „… Content: Current and Possible Future Regulation of the Online Environment with a Focus on the EU …” „… Governance Triangle: Conceptualising the Informal Regulation of Online Content’ (2019) 8 Internet Policy …”

Chapter 7 - Conclusion S. 540-549

„… , product and food safety regulation and, to some extent, terrorist content and hate speech, promise to be …” „… intermediaries. In the public law dominated areas of terrorist content and product regulation, there is a marked …” „… content harmful for minors on VSPs. The proposed TERREG anti-terrorism online regulation ventures further …”

Index S. 643-650

„… Index accountability – content management 269, 270, 272, 286, 466, 479, 521 – decisional 484 …” „… content management 513 – in content recognition 270, 333 audits 107, 485, 539 – by intermediaries 293, 412 …” „… , 505, 532, 534, 537, 549, See also Hate Speech, Co-regulation – proactive duties 517 Bambauer, Derek E …”

ANNEX I – Interview Questionnaire (Model) S. 550-561

„… focus on liability for unlawful content or activity, as per the Ecommerce Directive 2000/31 ("ECD …” „… data and content management and recognition technologies). It will be explored whether this is adequate …” „… and if yes how this affects the concept of ISPs "actual knowledge" of unlawful content or activity. 2 …”

Chapter 5 - Enforcement case studies S. 418-452

„… product regulation online is a relatively underexplored area compared to research in e.g. online copyright …” „… , product regulation boasts a well-established public enforcement structure. In the former areas such a …” „… product regulation well before the rise of commerce through online platforms. The impact of the rise of …”

Chapter 2 - The emergence of intermediaries on the internet – a socio-technical review S. 59-97

„… following chapter, the regulatory approaches towards the internet and content regulation will be …” „… . Post and Johnson fleshed this vision out by arguing that regulation of the internet should be different …” „… , such as for example mandating encryption. Today we would add watermarking, content filtering or …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748927051

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods - Perspectives on Platform Regulation

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Judit Bayer (ed.), Bernd Holznagel (ed.), Päivi Korpisaari (ed.), Lorna Woods (ed.)

Perspectives on Platform Regulation

Series: Recht und Digitalisierung | Digitization and the Law

Volume 1 2021

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Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content Filtering S. 233-260

„… Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights …” „… . Keywords: Social Media, Latin America, Copyright, Limitations, Content, Filtering, Regulation Introduction …” „… Determining what the regulation of social media content is in Latin America and how it is enforced is a …”

Jan Christopher Kalbhenn European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms S. 47-76

„… platforms such as Amazon and eBay are subject to the regulations on content moderation of illegal content …” „… shape content moderation is hidden in the regulation on trusted flags. This status can be granted to …” „… , there is already much case law on content moderation, see Holznagel and Kalbhenn “Media law regulation …”

Michael Geist Reshaping Canada’s Broadcasting Act: Solutions in Search of a Problem? S. 291-328

„… this content that require regulation where they access the Canadian market: • Curators – services that …” „… regardless of their preferred content. The BTLR panel, which recommended discoverability regulations, went …” „… regulations requiring the CRTC to regulate the way online services make their content available to subscribers …”

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits S. 565-584

„… in the EU and the evaluation of online content regulation approaches. Study for the European …” „… platforms. There are also approaches that focus on content regulation. Below, we attempt to typify and order …” „… , especially when it comes to content regulation. d. 5. Conclusions 581 The draft Digital Services Act plans to …”

Lorna Woods Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care S. 77-98

„… regulation to look at the services on which that content is created and disseminated. It argues that those …” „… : Addressing Harmful Content Online, p.25. Lorna Woods 80 to regulation would need, therefore, to be to some …” „… used. In moving away from content-focussed regulations, the difficulties in dealing with different …”

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany S. 261-290

„… regulations regarding these systems and thus also regarding content moderation on social networks, as well as …” „… Content-Moderation. Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany 279 concerned about the removal …” „… Topic-based Regulation: Media Law and Data Protection Media Law Regulation of Social Networks …”

Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Introduction S. 9-22

„… Content Introduction 13 Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Models of Platform Regulation …” „… the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content …” „… Bleyer-Simon Content 11 The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore 549 Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin …”

Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick Lessons learned from the first years with the NetzDG S. 415-432

„… control. Keywords: Content Regulation; Hate Speech; Social Networks; Overblocking; Compliance approach …” „… industry during this time: content regulation has often been in the media spotlight; Twitter has blocked …” „… become clear that states must become involved in content regulation in one way or another. The Approach …”

Richard Janda Protecting Democratic Expression Online: Canada’s Work in Progress S. 365-414

„… laws and regulations; • require independent compliance audits; • require enhancement of content …” „… harmful content”. Regulations are envisaged to determine what records OCSPs must keep. The Technical Paper …” „… that serve to amplify extreme content. Keywords: online hate, platform governance, duty to act …”

Lorna Woods The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms S. 329-350

„… Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1277), https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi /2008/1277/contents/made. 57 …” „… The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms Lorna Woods Abstract: This chapter provides an …” „… overview of three main strands of regulation in the UK that would affect the regulation of digital …”

Siwal Ashwini Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 S. 215-232

„… Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology …” „… towards a co-regulatory model relying both on statutory framework and self-regulation of SMPs. The chapter …” „… , Significant Social Media Intermediary, Digital News Portals, Social Media Regulation in India and Intermediary …”

Judit Bayer Rights and Duties of Online Platforms S. 23-46

„… of freedom of expression on social media platforms: EU content regulation through the lens of human …” „… regarding lawful content. What do they really do and is that activity subject to any legal regulation? The …” „… . It merely provides for compulsory self-regulation in the field of lawful but harmful content and …”

Sarah Hartmann Policy Developments in the USA to Address Platform Information Disorders S. 99-118

„… mandating data portability and interoperability. Keywords: Platform Regulation; Disinformation; Section 230 …” „… extreme content, conspiracy theories and false information to multiply.1 The term “information disorder …” „… ” refers to content with different levels and combinations of falseness and intent to harm.2 Chapter 1 …”

Index S. 595-601

„… ., 276–278, 434–440, 453–458, 510–514, 544 595 content regulation 26, 29, 37, 77, 415–418, 420, 429 f., 453 …” „… 599 regulation 25-163; 187-364; 489-506; 549-563 regulation of content 233-259 regulatory responses 20 …” „… (AADC) 336 f. AIQ 332 f. algorithmic transparency 56, 391 amplification of content 108, 452, 510 …”

Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore S. 549-564

„… The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin Abstract: IT-savvy …” „… online and what is not”.1 Chapter 1. 1 ICJ, “Singapore: Parliament must reject internet regulation bill …” „… gapore-parliament-must-reject-internet-regulation-bill-that-threatens-freedom-of-ex pression/. 549 Notwithstanding the criticism, and perhaps because of the legend of Singapore being …”

Trisha Meyer, Alexandre Alaphilippe Platform (un)accountability. Reviewing Platform Responses to the Global Disinfodemic One Year Onward S. 507-530

„… known hierarchy of principles and stringent transparency and review measures. Keywords: content …” „… illegal content – and increasingly, too, more broadly and vaguely, harmful content.3 Attention for …” „… , in an effort to further our understanding of their content moderation practices. We start by …”

Izumi Aizu Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? S. 187-214

„… to ten years ago. Industry self-regulation on Internet content While the explicit scope of HSEA …” „… remains outside of the online space, industry self-regulation on the illegal and harmful content in …” „… Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? Izumi Aizu Abstract: With the …”

Giovanni De Gregorio, Nicole Stremlau Platform Governance at the Periphery: Moderation, Shutdowns and Intervention S. 433-450

„… , Nicole Stremlau Abstract: After illustrating how the spread of dangerous content has led to troubling …” „… intervention; content moderation; disinformation; media; online speech Introduction The spread of online hate …” „… Online platforms that process content rely on a mix of human moderators and artificial intelligence …”

Elda Brogi, Konrad Bleyer-Simon Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms S. 531-548

„… , platform regulation, EDMO, Media Pluralism Monitor Introduction In the past years, disinformation has …” „… become another challenging issue in content moderation online, next to hate speech; although it is often …” „… required social media providers to proactively remove certain types of criminal content. This requirement …”

Jörg Becker, Bernd Holznagel, Kilian Müller Interoperability of Messenger Services. Possibilities for a Consumer-Friendly Approach S. 119-144

„… scope of the directive and regulation. In particular, content providers are not to be covered, as can be …” „… obligation in practice. Keywords: Platform Regulation, Messenger Services, Federated Protocols, Competition …” „… which content can be broadcast by a sender and then be displayed to various consumers, in messenger …”

Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang „Open with Caution“. How Taiwan Approaches Platform Governance in the Global Market and Geopolitics S. 165-186

„… introduced new regulations. While the United States has largely relied on platform self-governance and given …” „… , Taiwan). Email: hi@poren.tw. 167 much leeway to shape their own terms of content removal and privacy …” „… up effective systems to manage complaints regarding hate speech and unlawful content; France …”

The Authors and Editors S. 585-594

„… Washington DC linked to platform regulation, transatlantic relations, and hybrid threats, where he emphasises …” „… research work lies in Telecommunication and Media Law as well as in network regulation, notably energy law …” „… of an academic consortium for questions of regulation of the Bundesnetzagentur (Federal Network …”

Enni Ala-Mikkula The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Legislation in Hate Speech Regulation. Employers’ responsibility to prevent and respond to the risk of hate speech at work – the Finnish perspective S. 489-506

„… hate crime in the EU and the evaluation of online content regulation approaches. Brussels: European …” „… content regulation approaches (Brussels: European Union, 2020), 14, https://doi.org/10.2861/28047. 57 Atte …” „… The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Legislation in Hate Speech Regulation. Employers …”

Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship? S. 451-472

„… intermediary liability to counter online harms, ‘outsourcing’ government mandated content regulation to private …” „… horizontalization of content moderation and the resulting ramifications on free speech, this chapter proposes …” „… in the ambit of content moderation of contentious speech. Keywords: human rights, freedom of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… .) Perspectives on Platform Regulation Concepts and Models of Social Media Governance Across the Globe Recht …” „… Regulation Concepts and Models of Social Media Governance Across the Globe Assistant Editor Jan Kalbhenn …” „… Perspectives on Platform Regulation Concepts and Models of Social Media Governance Across the Globe Judit Bayer …”

Mårten Schultz Six Problems with Facebook’s Oversight Board. Not enough contract law, too much human rights. S. 145-164

„… , Facebook, content moderation, self-regulation, community standards. Introduction Background In 2018 …” „… . Mårten Schultz Abstract: After intense criticism against Facebook’s content moderation process, CEO Mark …” „… of reviewing appeals against Facebook’s content moderation decisions. “You can imagine some sort of …”

Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari Online Shaming - a New Challenge for Criminal Justice S. 473-488

„… Hate and Harmful Content: Cross- National Perspectives (London: Routledge, 2017). 11 The concepts of …” „… . 18 Keipi et al., Online Hate and Harmful Content, 71. 19 See ECtHR, Magyar Tartalomszolgáltatók …” „… .” Information & Communications Technology Law 24, no. 1 (2015): 16-40. 33 Proposal for a Regulation of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929789

Alberto De Franceschi, Reiner Schulze - Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

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Alberto De Franceschi (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

2023

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Hans Christoph Grigoleit Digital Content Regulation as Building Block of the Private Law Harmonization S. 729-738

„… successful judicial processing of the digital content regulation.However, the procedural gap that is …” „… III.RESHAPING CONTRACTS IN THE DIGITAL AGEDigital Content Regulation as Building Blockof the …” „… Kontinuität im europäischen Vertragsrecht‘ (2019) 27 ZEuP, 695 (701 seq.).Digital Content Regulation as …”

Zafeirios Tsolakidis Greece S. 301-318

„… of digital content or digital service” in a separate regulation system (art. 3–32 L. 4967/2022). On …” „… ”) contains 30 articles and provides regulation for the “Contract for the provision of digital content or …” „… 20.Non conformity of the digital content or the digital serviceThe structure of the regulation for …”

Plamena Markova Bulgaria S. 89-116

„… content/digital serviceThe conditions differ slightly between the regulation of DC/DS and goods. According to the …” „… free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)(OJ L …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34VII. Incorrect installation and/or integration of the goods and/or the digital content …”

Rita Simon, Jiří Hrádek Czech Republic S. 167-190

„… Regulation of Digital Content and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11IV. Data as …” „… . The new Regulation of Digital Content and ServicesThe Act established a new contract type on providing …” „… contained in Section 2389g para. 2 CzCC. It states that the regulation on the provision of digital content …”

Mireille M. Caruana Malta S. 471-490

„… that the regulations also apply where the trader supplies or undertakes to supply digital content or …” „… of the Directives: S.L.378.20 regulations 5 (‘conformity of the digital content or digital service …” „… of digital content / digital services.S.L. 378.20, regulation 3(6)(b) provides that the regulations …”

Zuzana Adamová Slovakia S. 581-604

„… and align the regulation of liability for defects in goods, digital services and digital content with …” „… adversely affect the subscriber; or(d) arise from a specific regulation.Thus, the transposition of the DCD …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37IV. Incorrect Installation of Digital Content or Digital Service …”

Kaspars Balodis Latvia S. 409-424

„… content and digital services have been separated from the general regulation on conformity of goods and …” „… services. There is no specific regulation for the interruption of long-term supply of digital content or …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8C. Conformity of Goods, Digital Content and Digital Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 …”

Juanita Goicovici Romania S. 541-580

„… contentGeneral guidelines for determining the scope of legal regulationsThe provisions of Directive (EU) 2019/771 …” „… an express regulation in the content of art. 5 lit. (b) of G.E.O. no. 140/2021, which states that for …” „… new regulation on B2C contracts on the providing of digital content and digital services.II. Remedies …”

Karin Sein Estonia S. 211-228

„… include the digital content provisions in the regulation of sales contracts and add references to the …” „… regulation as to whether consumers have the right to eg resell digital content or transfer computer game …” „… regulation for the interruption of long-term supply of digital content or digital services. Further, § 6211(3 …”

Christiana Markou Cyprus S. 139-166

„… , given the absence of regulation on digital content and services contracts,31 the provisions of Law 155(I …” „… Content and Digital Services Law of 2021, (Law 155(I)/2021) respectively. Just like the Directives, the …” „… goods are the main addition to the consumer acquis brought by the SGD.On the other hand, the regulation …”

Hans Schulte-Nölke The EU Digital Services Act and EU Consumer Law S. 705-714

„… infringement by those providers of their obligations under this Regulation.According to Recital (121), this …” „… The EU Digital Services Act and EU Consumer LawA. Overview of the DSA: History and main content …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3II. Scope and main content of the DSA …”

Geraint Howells, Fidelma White Ireland S. 357-380

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79A. IntroductionThe Digital Content Directive1 (DCD) and Sale of Goods Directive2 (SGD) have been …” „… 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital …” „… May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU …”

Laurynas Didžiulis Lithuania S. 425-448

„… time in Lithuanian law has introduced concept of the digital content (transposed in 2013), as well as …” „… (second) section in the chapter XVIII1 titled “Consumer contracts for supply of digital content and …” „… supply of digital content by their nature are new type of contractus nominatus. Instead, rules on digital …”

Emilia Mišćenić Croatia S. 117-138

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11III. Incorrect Installation and Integration and Modification of Digital Content or Digital Service …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14I. Specific Rules on Single / Long-term Supply of Digital Content and Digital Services …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26III. Restitution in Contracts on Digital Content or Digital Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 …”

Brigitta Zöchling-Jud Austria S. 33-68

„… . Implications for General Contract Doctrine and Contract Types for the Provision of Digital Services or Content …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263. National Regulations on the Availability of Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 …” „… . Relationship of the Transposition Measures to the Ecodesign Regulation 2007 …”

Alberto De Franceschi,, Reiner Schulze Harmonizing Digital Contract Law – an Introduction S. 1-30

„… explained in more detail in the part of this volume on internet platform regulation).At the same time, the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9III. Supply of Digital Content …” „… Digital Content or Digital Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35IV. The …”

Klaus Viitanen Finland S. 229-248

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12II. Earlier regulation of digital contents and services …” „… similar or totally identical articles.II. Earlier regulation of digital contents and servicesBefore the …” „… obvious that most consumers will choose the repair.The regulation of digital contents and digital services …”

Damjan Možina, Jernej Renko Slovenia S. 605-624

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8IV. Modification of digital content or digital service …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256. Restitution after termination in contract for the supply of digital content and services …” „… application of the implemented regime for contracts for the supply of digital content and services.II …”

M.B.M. Loos The Netherlands S. 491-512

„… regulation of consumer sales but under that of digital content and digital services. It seems difficult to …” „… such rules or such provisions are adopted by way of a European regulation.II. Sale of Second-hand …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1II. Digital Content Contracts before Transposition of the Digital Content Directive …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Spain S. 625-648

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24G. The modification of the digital content and digital services contract . . . . . . . . . 26H …” „… provisions concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services. However, the …” „… .Esther Arroyo Amayuelas 6251new contract for the supply of digital content and digital services …”

Laura Aade, Elise Poillot Luxembourg S. 449-470

„… contract law and ask for restitution.65V. Geo-Blocking RegulationRepairing or replacing goods delivered in …” „… of Goods, Digital Content and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13D …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51V. Geo-Blocking Regulation …”

Alberto De Franceschi Italy S. 381-408

„… content or digital service in way of implementation of the SGD. Therefore, as an explicit regulation is …” „… RegulationThe Italian legislator did not adopt specific measures for enhancing environmental sustainability or …” „… coordination with the EC Eco-Design Directive and the forthcoming EU Eco-Design Regulation …”

Reiner Schulze Germany S. 273-300

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37VI. Modification of Digital Content or Digital Service …” „… Civil CodeGermany has transposed the "twin directives" on Digital Content and Digital Services (DCD) and …” „… provisions from the "twin directives" on digital content and services and on the sale of goods. Just as with …”

Jori Munukka Sweden S. 649-678

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112A. IntroductionI. The Transpositions of the Twin DirectivesThe Digital Content Directive …” „… of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital …” „… aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive …”

Bert Keirsbilck, Evelyne Terryn Belgium S. 69-88

„… : “SGD”)1 and Digital Content and Digital Services Directive (hereafter: “DCD”)2 were implemented in …” „… Belgian provisions apply to sales contracts concluded from 1 June 2022 and to digital content and digital …” „… in some regards can be relevant in the context of supply of digital content or services8). General 1 …”

Friedrich Graf von Westphalen Some major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services Some major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 S. 681-704

„… II.DIGITAL SERVICES AND THE NEW PLATFORMS REGULATIONSome major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 on …” „… Regulation.III. Protection of the vested interests of a third party within the legal regime of German law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33II. Indications within this Regulation concerning consumer protection . . . . . . . . 351. Within …”

Marie Jull Sørensen Denmark S. 191-210

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29III. Incorrect Installation of the Digital Content or Digital Service …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33IV. Modification of Digital Content and Digital Services …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36II. Interruption of Long-Term Supply of Digital Content/Digital Services . . . . . . 391. Force …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715III.RESHAPING CONTRACTS IN THE DIGITAL AGEDigital Content Regulation as Building Block of the …” „… challenges of digitization, as recently shown in particular by the Internet Platform Regulation.In view of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649II.DIGITAL SERVICES AND THE NEW PLATFORMS REGULATIONSome major issues of EU Regulation 2019/1150 on …”

Jorge Morais Carvalho Portugal S. 527-540

„… 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital …” „… contracts for the sale of goods, amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC, and repealing …” „… Elements, Digital Content and Digital Services in Directives 2019/770 and 2019/771” (2020) 2 Revista de …”

Jean-Sébastien Borghetti France S. 249-272

„… on digital content (DCD)4 and on Sale of Goods (SGD)5, and their implementation in French law, offer …” „… contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services.5 Directive (EU) 2019/771 of the European …” „… ), was an occasion to modernise the CC by bringing into it the notion of digital content and services …”

Ádám Fuglinszky Hungary S. 319-356

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56b) Supply of Digital Content and Services …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752. Modification of the Digital Content or Digital Service (Art. 19 DCD) . . . . 783. Right of …” „… the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content …”

Philipp Fabbio The Impact of the EU Digital Markets Act on Contract Law S. 715-726

„… neighbouring areas of antitrust, unfair competition and sectoral competition regulation.The DMA has already …” „… regulation.Nonetheless, there remains ample room for interpreting these legal provisions, including the ones that are …” „… contract law.The DMA is a piece of market regulation, and is not intended to regulate contracts as such …”

Hugo-Maria Schally The Impact on Private Law of the Product Policy Initiatives under the European Green Deal S. 751-768

„… Directive and other Directives and Regulations.A range of tools are designed to enable consumers to make …” „… recyclability of products.December 2015Proposal for an implementing regulation on televisions and displays End …” „… vehicles 2015 onwardsStepping up enforcement of revised Waste Shipment regulation 2016 onwardsPromotion of …”

Sjef van Erp Smart Contracts S. 739-750

„… traditional distinction between formation, content and performance, the way we until looked at the average …” „… Key Information Document (KID) as prescribed in Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 of the European …” „… public law (the General Data Protection Regulation or GDPR, to give but one example) and private law, and …”

Fryderyk Zoll, Katarzyna Południak-Gierz, Wojciech Bańczyk Poland S. 513-526

„… Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and …” „… a contract directly related to his economic activity, where the contents of this contract indicate …” „… serious, since also the directive 2019/770 on supply of digital content and services was not implemented …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748941415

Christoph Krönke, Michael W. Müller, Wenguang Yu, Wei Tian - Paradigms of Internet Regulation in the European Union and China

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Christoph Krönke (ed.), Michael W. Müller (ed.), Wenguang Yu (ed.), Wei Tian (ed.)

Paradigms of Internet Regulation in the European Union and China

2018

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Michael W. Müller Mapping Paradigms of European Internet Regulation – The Example of Internet Content Control S. 31-48

„… Mapping Paradigms of European Internet Regulation – The Example of Internet Content Control Michael …” „… regulation and applies them to the history of internet content control in Europe. It builds on Thomas Kuhn’s …” „… regard to the regulation of internet content control in Europe and analyses three paradigm-shifts that …”

Yu Wenguang Regulation on Internet Intermediaries' Liabilities: Focusing on Illegal Online Hate Speech S. 49-68

„… between regulation and innova‐ tion, how to involve all stakeholders in regulating online content in terms …” „… debate between cyber-libertar‐ ians and cyber-paternalists about the regulation of internet content …” „… Regulation on Internet Intermediaries' Liabilities: Focusing on Illegal Online Hate Speech Yu …”

Christoph Krönke, Michael W. Müller, Yu Wenguang, Tian Wei Introduction: Paradigms of Internet Regulation in the European Union and China S. 15-30

„… unrestricted spread of illegal contents. Chinese internet regulation appears to lie at the opposite end of the …” „… . Finally, the European and national regulations and administrative struc‐ tures affecting the content layer …” „… other administrative agen‐ cies also participate in internet content regulation, for instance the State …”

Walther Michl Digital Border Controls S. 159-174

„… and equally controversial example of content regulation since the abolition of the Access Impediment …” „… a role for internet regulation, espe‐ cially whether an equivalent to physical border controls for …” „… , regulation, blocking, take-down Introduction While most people across all civilizations can agree on a basic …”

Laura Münkler Space as Paradigm of Internet Regulation S. 139-158

„… to regulate online-platforms by way of content regulation have become distinguishable.47 While the …” „… speak of first approaches to impose an obligation on private individuals.49 However, content regulation …” „… Space as Paradigm of Internet Regulation Laura Münkler* Abstract Right now internet regulation is …”

Chen Xuan Boundary of Criminal Responsibility of Internet Service Providers – A Lesson from the Qvod Case S. 69-82

„… should decide the criminal responsibility of ISPs according to their functions and the content of their …” „… internet regulation in China. While in the field of criminal law, a large part of the discussion re …” „… ‐ garding cybercrimes and internet regulation has been focusing on the criminal responsibility of the …”

Christoph Krönke Data Regulation in the Internet of Things S. 83-98

„… Data Regulation in the Internet of Things Christoph Krönke* Abstract These reflections on data …” „… regulation in the internet of things provide an overview of the different conceptions and legal problems of a …” „… extent these issues are covered by traditional data protection regulations and highlights the conceptual …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-11

„… European Internet Regulation – The Example of Internet Content Control 31 Michael W. Müller Regulation on …” „… Paradigms of Internet Regulation in the European Union and China Krönke | Müller | Yu | Tian (eds …” „… .) Krönke | Müller | Yu | Tian (eds.) Paradigms of Internet Regulation in the European Union and China …”

Xiong Bingwan Adjudicating the Regulatory Penalties against Non-professional Taxis in China and the European Union S. 111-138

„… special regulation regarding non-professional taxis, was issued by the Ministry of Transport and six other …” „… 1146557/ n1146624/c5218603/content.html (last visited May 16, 2018). This act was jointly issued by …” „… CHEN Mingyi, 进入限制、价格管制与黑车泛滥——来自北京、上海出租车市场的经验分 (Entry restrictions, price regulation and black-taxis …”

Daniel Wolff Fundamental Rights in the Digital Era, Horizontal Effect and the Distinction between “State” and “Society” in German and European Constitutional Theory S. 175-192

„… requirements which regulation in general – whether in the European Union or in Germany – and therefore also …” „… internet regulation must fulfil: fundamental rights. Par‐ ticularly the German legal system is based on …” „… im‐ portant public debate about internet regulation in the EU. However, as the 4 An English …”

Ding Xiaodong Personal Data Protection: Rethinking the Reason, Nature and Legal Framework S. 99-110

„… . In the EU, the European Parliament and the Council have passed the General Data Protection Regulation …” „… simplify the regulatory environment for interna‐ tional business by unifying regulation within the EU. In …” „… consensus on the standard, content and method of this law. Some people, for example, argue that Chi‐ 1 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845293820

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