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Eckhard Szimba - Interdependence between Transport Infrastructure Projects

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Eckhard Szimba

Interdependence between Transport Infrastructure Projects

Series: Karlsruher Beiträge zur wirtschaftspolitischen Forschung - Karlsruhe Papers in Economic Policy Research

Volume 25 2008

Results in this title

Applied Infrastructure Configuration S. 194-196

„… 194 B Applied Infrastructure Configuration B.1 Infrastructure assumptions Reference scenario 195 B …” „… .2 Infrastructure assumptions P_all scenario 196 C Demand Matrices C.1 Common-demand matrices …”

The Political Dimension of Transport Infrastructure Planning S. 35-36

„… 35 While the recognition of large-scale infrastructure planning on a Pan-European level was largely …” „… determined by the notion of “corridors”6, the planning by the EU for transport infrastructure in EU member …” „… projects, respectively. However, the two kinds of perception of the scope of largescale infrastructure …”

Visualisation of the Demand Markets of Infrastructure Projects S. 84-85

„… level of similarity of transport infrastructures’ demand, as well as on the type and extent of …” „… interdependence between transport infrastructure projects. However, the results do not allow conclusions …” „… infrastructure projects whose performance with regard to interdependence reveals an ambiguous pattern, since, for …”

Measurement of Similarity among Transport Infrastructure Projects S. 61-66

„… 61 6.2 Application of Cluster Analysis to Grouping Transport Infrastructure Projects According to …” „… of Similarity among Transport Infrastructure Projects 6.2.2.1 Selection of Suitable Similarity …” „… Measures The infrastructure projects’ demand is represented by the demand structure matrices RefX and …”

Impact Analysis for the Whole Infrastructure Investment Programme S. 48

„… set up by the calculation of the impact of the whole infrastructure investment programme (section 5.1 …” „… projects and as part of the whole infrastructure investment programme. Comparing these benefit values …” „… projects is discussed in section 5.3. 5.1 Impact Analysis for the Whole Infrastructure Investment Programme …”

Application of Cluster Analysis to Transport Infrastructure Projects S. 66-71

„… , equation (6.26) is applied in order to transform the similarity measures of transport infrastructure …” „… = ?? 1 ? . 6.2.3 Application of Cluster Analysis to Transport Infrastructure Projects 6.2.3.1 Types of …” „… infrastructure projects. 6.2.3.2 Hierarchical Clustering Approaches Formally, the agglomerative clustering …”

Overview of Priority Corridors under Consideration and Infrastructure Improvements S. 107-110

„… 107 9.2.3 Overview of Priority Corridors under Consideration and Infrastructure Improvements The …” „… infrastructure links which are subject to infrastructure improvements. Figure 21 and Figure 22 indicate the …” „… abbreviations of the corridors as applicable to addressing the infrastructure projects in official documents of …”

Analysis of Interdependencies within a Cluster of Infrastructure Projects S. 79-83

„… clusters, the main interdependencies are expected to occur among infrastructure projects within a cluster …” „… between clusters 80 If interdependencies occur, the benefit of a project depends on the infrastructure …” „… p in respect to an infrastructure configuration K, U p|K( ) , is determined by the following …”

General Overview of the Approach for the Generation of Groups of Infrastructure Projects S. 58-61

„… transport infrastructure projects are not necessarily restricted to pairs of projects. Therefore the …” „… infrastructure projects are grouped: the main goal is to obtain a grouping of infrastructure projects with a high …” „… generation of groups of projects 59 If such a partition of infrastructure projects – as indicated by …”

Characteristics of Amalgamation Rules and Application to the Grouping of Transport Infrastructure Projects S. 71-73

„… Amalgamation Rules and Application to the Grouping of Transport Infrastructure Projects Due to differences in …” „… Selected for the Grouping of Transport Infrastructure Projects According to Demand Pattern Taking into …” „… following two-step clustering method is applied for the segmentation of transport infrastructure projects …”

Clustering Algorithms Selected for the Grouping of Transport Infrastructure Projects According to Demand Pattern S. 73

„… 73 6.2.5 Clustering Algorithms Selected for the Grouping of Transport Infrastructure Projects …” „… transport infrastructure projects: the considered set of n infrastructure projects, 1 k nP= p , ..., p …” „… , ..., p{ } may comprise infrastructure projects which – due to their spatial and geographic location …”

Motivation S. 19-21

„… included a revised list of priority transport infrastructure corridors of the European Union (EU). The list …” „… amounts to around 225 billion Euros up to the year 2020 (EC 2005a). Some of the infrastructure measures of …” „… Messina, the Brenner or the Mont Cenis base tunnels – represent “mega infrastructure projects” in the …”

Exemplary Depiction of the Emergence of Interdependencies S. 37-40

„… 37 3 Interdependencies between Transport Infrastructure Projects Transport infrastructure …” „… investment programmes may consist of interdependent projects: some infrastructure projects might compete with …” „… realisation of infrastructure projects is higher than the sum of benefits obtained if the projects are …”

Summary and Outlook S. 165-167

„… developed to identify, to measure and to explain interdependencies between transport infrastructure projects …” „… transport infrastructure investment programmes which are often the result of a political compromise, and …” „… as part of the whole infrastructure programme. Such approaches give some insight into the emergence …”

Introduction S. 44-46

„… transport infrastructure projects. Furthermore, it should be able to explain the mechanisms responsible for …” „… the emergence of interdependencies, and of localising the infrastructure sections, which are …” „… baseline, the benefits of the whole infrastructure investment programme are measured and analysed in order …”

Measurement of Common Demand S. 50-55

„… 50 infrastructure configuration, which reveals the existence of substitutive interdependencies …” „… of infrastructure projects, the approach has two deficiencies: first, the approach does not provide …” „… interdependencies between infrastructure projects is – according to the findings of section 3.2 – restricted to …”

Historical Overview S. 23-33

„… 23 2 Transport Infrastructure Planning in Europe 2.1 Historical Overview At the very beginning of …” „… the development of transport networks in Europe, the transport infrastructure had to meet the …” „… administrative objectives. The era of mainly nationally oriented transport infrastructure planning has gradually …”

Typology and Measurement of Interdependencies S. 40-42

„… , if only a combination of infrastructure projects (like high-speed rail infrastructure sections which …” „… , modal split-induced interdependencies occur among infrastructure projects of the same mode. 3.2 Typology …” „… and Measurement of Interdependencies Interdependencies between transport infrastructure projects …”

Consideration of Interdependencies by National and Supra-National Assessment Approaches in Europe S. 42-43

„… the consideration of interdependencies for the evaluation of the impact of transport infrastructure …” „… projects that are part of an infrastructure programme: “The assessment […] must address the programme and …” „… not simply component projects, and must evaluate the return on a given infrastructure as additional or …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… Wirtschaftsforschungder Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Band 25Eckhard SzimbaInterdependence between Transport Infrastructure …” „… ProjectsAn Analytical Framework Applied to Priority Transport Infrastructure Projects of the European …” „… priority list. The developed framework is applied to a relevant sub-set of the 30 transport infrastructure …”

The Corridor Concept S. 33-35

„… infrastructure projects and the coordination of Community funding, checking the conformity of projects with …” „… transport policy rules and principles to be applied to the TEN infrastructure, and the provision of …” „… infrastructure along the corridors – has been allocated to a European Coordinator. The European Coordinators were …”

Interpretation of the Results Obtained by the Application of the Interdependency Evaluation Framework S. 161-163

„… infrastructure measures along the priority corridors are interdependent. Project pairs featuring particularly …” „… significantly depends on the (non-)realisation of infrastructure improvements on other priority corridors. Thus …” „… indicators usually taken into consideration for the appraisal of transport infrastructure investments. Third …”

Analysis of Interdependencies between Individual Projects and All Other Projects S. 48-50

„… set up by the calculation of the impact of the whole infrastructure investment programme (section 5.1 …” „… projects and as part of the whole infrastructure investment programme. Comparing these benefit values …” „… projects is discussed in section 5.3. 5.1 Impact Analysis for the Whole Infrastructure Investment Programme …”

Computed Cost Data S. 228-243

„… 228 F Computed Cost Data F.1 Individual priority corridors Infrastructure Configuration Time costs …” „… P_all_12 210,578.78 229 Infrastructure Configuration Time costs passenger transport (M€ p.a.) P_all_8 …” „… P_all 210,450.69 Notation applied for addressing infrastructure configurations Ref_N1 Infrastructure …”

Measurement of Interdependencies S. 55-56

„… infrastructure scenarios. Thus RefY and RefC refer to O/D relations, which in either or both of the …” „… infrastructure configurations are routed on both infrastructure projects. The contents of the matrices referring …” „… to the P_all scenario relate to just one infrastructure scenario. Therefore, P all k ly (p ,p )— and …”

Network Models S. 98-104

„… configuration of the infrastructure, land use data on the level of grid cells in order to compute inter-zonal …” „… Evaluation Framework. As concerns the infrastructure improvements associated with P16 (freight railway axis …” „… TEN-STAC project (TEN-STAC 2003c) by paying special attention to transport infrastructure investments in …”

Overview S. 21-22

„… infrastructure projects in the list of priority projects which create undesired interdependencies among each …” „… interdependencies among projects of a transport infrastructure investment programme. Apart from identifying and …” „… measuring interdependencies among transport infrastructure projects, the Interdependency Evaluation …”

Consideration of Multi-Modal Corridors S. 104-107

„… 104 9.2.1.2 Maximum Infrastructure Scenario In the maximum infrastructure scenario (P_all scenario …” „… calculation of benefits, the infrastructure measures on multi-modal priority corridors are not split up by …” „… model (P_all scenario) 107 9.2.3 Overview of Priority Corridors under Consideration and Infrastructure …”

List of References S. 168-178

„… : Spon Press. Banister, D. (1993): ‘Investing in Transport Infrastructure’, in: D. Banister and J …” „… Tánczos, K. (2003): ‘Multicriteria Analysis of the Financial Feasibility of Transport Infrastructure …” „… – Quelles priorités pour les infrastructures régionales de transport au Maghreb?’, Recherche Transports …”

Interdependencies at Disaggregate Level S. 85-86

„… 85 7.1 Visualisation of the Demand Markets of Infrastructure Projects In order to visualise the …” „… demand structure of infrastructure projects in terms of scope of catchment area, there are at least two …” „… infrastructure project, the originating and the destinating traffic of an infrastructure project can be …”

Overview and Summary S. 89-91

„… project (Reference scenario) and as part of the whole infrastructure programme (P_all scenario). The …” „… the cluster kp is allocated to and on the infrastructure configuration which minimises and maximises …” „… transport infrastructure projects. 90 Figure 14 Synthesis of the Interdependency Evaluation Framework …”

Synthesis of the Interdependency Evaluation Framework’s Results for a Specific Priority Corridor S. 156-161

„… individual project, and to 175.57 M€ in the context of the whole infrastructure programme. Thus, the value …” „… 17 is added to an infrastructure configuration in which the corridors of the other clusters B, C, D …” „… minimum marginal benefit if it is added to an infrastructure configuration in which the priority corridors …”

Lessons Learned from the Application of the Interdependency Evaluation Framework S. 163-164

„… interdependencies between the transport infrastructure projects of an investment programme and delivers …” „… Interdependency Evaluation Framework deals with infrastructure investments which – for certain reasons – are …” „… pattern, additional projects could be defined for the infrastructure sections which, according to …”

Re-Integration of Outliers S. 76-77

„… = { }% % % % , with each kP% consisting of a set of transport infrastructure projects j 1 k uP p , ..., p , ..., p …” „… to further considerations. Infrastructure projects whose demand structure is different from the …” „… not been considered in the actual clustering approach. However, infrastructure projects identified as …”

Methodology Applied to the Calculation of Time Costs S. 110-111

„… infrastructure investments can be expected to have an impact on the generation and distribution of trips, as well …” „… induced demand or re-distributed trips, a fixed total O/D matrix was applied to each infrastructure …” „… calculated for each infrastructure configuration individually. For the calculation of time costs, the …”

Impact at the Aggregated Level S. 112-114

„… priority infrastructure corridors of the EU are illustrated and discussed. While aggregate results are …” „… Evaluation Framework: the baseline is set in section 10.1, in which the impacts of the maximum infrastructure …” „… the Interdependency Evaluation Framework (section 10.8). 10.1 Impact of the Whole Infrastructure …”

Interdependencies between Corridors within a Cluster S. 149-153

„… / Dresden). In Bulgaria, the infrastructure improvements of P22 are partly parallel to the infrastructure …” „… investments on P07, which belongs to a different cluster. However, since several of the infrastructure …” „… “Ref_6_24” is the marginal benefit, which is generated if P17 is added to an infrastructure …”

Further Evaluation of the Results S. 56-57

„… transport infrastructure projects: while the absolute values Refk l| ? p , p |( ) and P_all k l| ? p ,p …” „… |( ) give information on the extent of interdependencies prevailing between the infrastructure projects kp …” „… . P_allk l? p , p 0( ) < implies the same, but refers to the infrastructure configuration k lP \ p p …”

Consolidation of Results by Using Interdependence Evaluation Sheets S. 87-89

„… , identification and explanation of interdependencies between transport infrastructure projects requires the …” „… between projects and to cluster transport infrastructure projects according to their demand pattern. The …” „… measurement of common demand for a pair of infrastructure projects – and the subsequent cluster analysis – is …”

Determination of the Number of Clusters S. 73-74

„… 73 6.2.5 Clustering Algorithms Selected for the Grouping of Transport Infrastructure Projects …” „… transport infrastructure projects: the considered set of n infrastructure projects, 1 k nP= p , ..., p …” „… , ..., p{ } may comprise infrastructure projects which – due to their spatial and geographic location …”

Measurement of Common Demand S. 121-125

„… prevail between the infrastructure measures. P13, P26 and P01 reveal a considerable decrease in benefit …” „… corridors can only be expected if the infrastructure measures have an impact on a common set of O/D …” „… infrastructure improvement33. For the measurement of common demand, multi-modal corridors are split up into rail …”

Interdependencies between Corridor Clusters S. 153-156

„… . Cluster A’s maximum marginal benefit is obtained if cluster A is added to an infrastructure configuration …” „… infrastructure configuration in which clusters B, C and F are realised (resulting in a decrease in marginal …” „… infrastructure investments associated with P24, P17 and P06, complementary interdependencies arise with …”

Selected Maps and Figures (Colour Prints) S. 179-194

„… ) 184 Figure 21 Priority corridors and sections subject to infrastructure improvements (rail) 185 …” „… Figure 22 Priority corridors and sections subject to infrastructure improvements (road) 186 Figure 23 …” „… Interdependencies of pairs of priority corridors with regard to the minimum and the maximum infrastructure …”

Evaluation of Obtained Clustering Results S. 74-76

„… % consisting of a set of transport infrastructure projects j 1 k uP p , ..., p , ..., p= { }% . P% is referred …” „… considerations. Infrastructure projects whose demand structure is different from the demand structure of other …” „… actual clustering approach. However, infrastructure projects identified as outliers may well generate …”

Adaptation of the Results Obtained from the Cluster Analysis by Incorporation of Interdependency Measures S. 142-149

„… infrastructure measures associated with P01r and P20 have to be seen in the context of the infrastructure …” „… multimodal priority includes both the rail and the road infrastructure investments. 144 two million € per …” „… corridors. The network links which are subject to infrastructure improvements are marked by white lines …”

Impact at the Disaggregate Level S. 114-120

„… benefit from the infrastructure investments amounts to at least 250,000 € per year. In several cases, the …” „… the infrastructure measures, particularly Stockholm, Västeras, Karlstad, Göteborg as well as …” „… infrastructure measures, especially Turku and Helsinki. In Poland, particularly high benefits accrue along a …”

Generation of Corridor Clusters Based on the Demand Analysis S. 135-142

„… road infrastructure projects are named by attaching an “r” to the respective corridor number, i.e. “P12 …” „… with eight clusters can be regarded as an ideal solution for both types of infrastructure scenario. As …” „… diagrams below to the P_all infrastructure configuration. The data underlying the Reference scenario …”

Cross-Checking of Clusters with Interdependency Measures in Pairs S. 77-79

„… 77 regarded as being independent from other infrastructure projects. In this case, lp? is defined …” „… main motivation for the application of the cluster analysis is to obtain a grouping of infrastructure …” „… . High internal homogeneity refers to the intention to group infrastructure projects with a high level of …”

Types of Effects under Consideration and Calculation of Benefits S. 46-47

„… 46 Figure 6 gives an overview of the scope and the denotation of infrastructure scenarios applied …” „… within the Interdependency Evaluation Framework. Figure 6 Transport infrastructure scenarios applied …” „… and their denotation The column labels of the matrix in Figure 6 indicate, how infrastructure …”

Sequence of a Cluster Analysis S. 61

„… 61 6.2 Application of Cluster Analysis to Grouping Transport Infrastructure Projects According to …” „… of Similarity among Transport Infrastructure Projects 6.2.2.1 Selection of Suitable Similarity …” „… Measures The infrastructure projects’ demand is represented by the demand structure matrices RefX and …”

Requirements of the Applied Transport Model S. 87

„… , identification and explanation of interdependencies between transport infrastructure projects requires the …” „… between projects and to cluster transport infrastructure projects according to their demand pattern. The …” „… measurement of common demand for a pair of infrastructure projects – and the subsequent cluster analysis – is …”

Interdependencies between Individual Corridors and the Other Corridors S. 120-121

„… variations in the scope of infrastructure improvements: for example, the values associated with corridor P02 …” „… priority corridor P24, which encompasses a set of large-scale infrastructure measures, such as the new …” „… prevail between the infrastructure measures. P13, P26 and P01 reveal a considerable decrease in benefit …”

Generation and Distribution S. 92-95

„… 92 9 Application of the Interdependency Evaluation Framework to Priority Transport Infrastructure …” „… Interdependency Evaluation Framework to priority infrastructure corridors of the European Union. One assessment …” „… matrices per mode and trip purpose specific to an infrastructure configuration, as well as information on …”

Analysis of Interdependencies among Clusters of Projects S. 83

„… among Clusters of Projects The calculation and analysis of infrastructure projects within clusters can …” „… . Hence a calculation of marginal utilities in the context of both a minimum and a maximum infrastructure …”

Assignment S. 97-98

„… speed-flow functions represent curves that have been applied to transport infrastructure assessment on behalf …” „… -econoomic data and forecasts at a regional level, assumptions on the configuration of the infrastructure …”

Interdependencies between Corridor Pairs S. 128-131

„… certain infrastructure project, particularly when it comes to deciding whether transport corridors should …” „… of priority corridors with regard to the minimum and the maximum infrastructure configuration 131 …”

Interdependencies between Pairs of Corridors at the Disaggregated Level S. 131-134

„… most of the O/D relations, a realisation of infrastructure measures along P23 and P25 results in …” „… the infrastructure investments on P06 assumed to be realised, a routing via Lyon, the Mont Cenis base …”

Schematic Overview of the VACLAV Model S. 98

„… configuration of the infrastructure, land use data on the level of grid cells in order to compute inter-zonal …”

Interdependency Evaluation Forms S. 209-228

„… 225 226 227 228 F Computed Cost Data F.1 Individual priority corridors Infrastructure Configuration …”

Similarity Matrices S. 134-135

„… infrastructure projects are named by attaching an “r” to the respective corridor number, i.e. “P12r” refers to …”

Modal Split S. 95-97

„… speed-flow functions represent curves that have been applied to transport infrastructure assessment on behalf …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207551

Martin Schiefelbusch - Trains across borders

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Martin Schiefelbusch

Trains across borders

Series: Historische Dimensionen Europäischer Integration

Volume 19 2013

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Infrastructure development S. 67-68

„… 67 4.4 Infrastructure development The reconstruction of war-damaged rail infrastructure took place …” „… modifications to rail infrastructure (cf. Schulze 1962), but were not met with enough interest by those whose …” „… up to 1970 dealt with infrastructure development, although this was to change a few years later with …”

Governing infrastructures - the research context S. 18-20

„… 18 Elements of the development of two international infrastructure projects are discussed in …” „… different classification systems. 3. Governing infrastructures - the research context1 The issues presented …” „… analyse processes of integration in various infrastructure sectors, and hence to study international …”

Synthesis S. 194-203

„… constructing transport infrastructure, hence the essential prerequisite for moving around and “integrating …” „… infrastructure projects (author’s compilation) Common elements Period 1 Period 2 influence of spatial setting …” „… interdependence of route/ infrastructure design and operating possibilities dominance of longdistance traffic …”

Outlook S. 203-216

„… more infrastructure projects have been completed, both national and crossborder ones. In spite of this …” „… growth taking place to a large extent in other modes, there is now a need to expand rail infrastructure …” „… reason to believe that both growth in demand and the task of infrastructure development will continue for …”

Introduction: From vision to agreement S. 83-86

„… 83 Martin Schiefelbusch III International infrastructure projects1 1. Introduction: From vision to …” „… agreement The physical infrastructure is clearly the most visible, long lasting and capitalintensive element …” „… . chapter I, section 7) have to do with railway infrastructure design. In spite of this, the present chapter …”

Standardisation and integration - key definitions S. 20-23

„… illustrate similarities and differences in the integration of infrastructure in (Western) Europe in the …” „… ), A comparative analysis (synchronous and diachronic) was to be made of all five infrastructure …” „… sectors in order to refine specific typologies of infrastructure integration. Ideally, this will lead to a …”

Service development S. 57-67

„… was perhaps the reference to the grim state of the Bundesbahn’s infrastructure and rolling stock …” „… infrastructure modernised. Technical issues were also discussed on a supra-national level, even though common …” „… infrastructure works of international interest had been carried out since 1945, such as the Vogelfluglinie (cf …”

Analysis S. 68-72

„… 68 The only specific infrastructure project that had sufficient symbolic appeal to be mentioned in …” „… developed (cf Ossig 1964). Hence considering the importance of infrastructure for the quantity and quality …” „… of service that can be provided, it is surprising that the framework set by infrastructure parameters …”

The Railway as object of integration: the need for coordination in the system S. 26-32

„… of infrastructure and operations, which requires a high precision in planning and operations. While …” „… planning of these different services became more reliant on infrastructure design. This was especially the …” „… networks. The formation of common standards and visions for infrastructure development, edited by M …”

Overview of contents S. 16-18

„… infrastructure in different sectors. The focus of interest was mainly historical, but the aim was also to learn …” „… ), international infrastructure projects (chapter III) and international flexible (rover) fares (chapter IV). Each …” „… development of two international infrastructure projects are discussed in chapter III: The examples of the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… and complicated task 15 2. Overview of contents 16 3. Governing infrastructures - the research …” „… international express services around 1970 64 4.4 Infrastructure development 67 5. Analysis 68 6. Outlook 72 …” „… Martin Schiefelbusch III International infrastructure projects 83 1. Introduction: From vision to …”

International collaboration S. 47-54

„… unity that characterises their infrastructure as well as their material to research together the most …” „… “networks” (a term not introduced before, but arguably referring to rail infrastructure) are called upon to …” „… (…) The state railways will continue to manage the infrastructure but by late 1980s amalgamation into a …”

Christian Henrich-Franke Integration, co-operation and standardisation - a comment S. 295-302

„… infrastructure integration in Europe (Ambrosius/ Henrich-Franke 2013; Anastasiadou 2012). It will approach …” „… system. The enormous importance of the role of governments in network planning and large infrastructure …” „… was a specific characteristic of infrastructure integration and standardisation at this time …”

Content - service design issues S. 104-115

„… issue of tariffs (cf. section 2.2.5).28 2.3.2 Case study: International infrastructure connections As …” „… trains, was added later. 110 ? Railway infrastructure is subject to taxation in the country where it is …” „… Italia (AI) operates stations and maintains the infrastructure out of its own budget. AI does not run …”

The Railway as means of integration: the shrinking of spatial distances S. 24-26

„… countries was actually a conglomerate of infrastructure networks owned by different public and/or private …” „… transformations of space and society through the emergence of fixed infrastructure (tracks, buildings, facilities …” „… . The reasons for this situation are based in the close interlocking of infrastructure and operations …”

Content - shaping a complex project S. 158-194

„… decisions regarding infrastructure enhancement on the German section were: ? Two further passing loops were …” „… infrastructure design: ? Only very limited provision was made for steam locomotives (initially no facilities at …” „… (Rødby town and Burg). However, on the German side this traffic would have to use the VFL infrastructure …”

Market environment S. 54-57

„… bear the European dimension in mind when developing rail infrastructure, as was normal practice for …” „… of the Bundesbahn’s infrastructure and rolling stock, whose repair after the damages caused by the …” „… and diesel combustion engines, and at least the mainline infrastructure modernised. Technical issues …”

Structural issues S. 115-128

„… infrastructure and the allocation of capacity differed in several respects, which can explain the positions taken …” „… road infrastructure works, including the Danish part of the VFL (cf. anon. 1954a). The “kilometres …” „… defining the detailed design of the new infrastructure. Major areas of concern were the way the Fehmarnsund …”

The role of fare standards in railway development S. 220-224

„… long-distance traffic flows continued to exist. As the debate on infrastructure development discussed elsewhere …” „… on the possibilities offered by infrastructure and rolling stock (cf. Schiefelbusch/Dienel 2010 …” „… can be pursued to some extent without necessitating adjustments to infrastructure and services, making …”

Crossing borders - a simple and complicated task S. 15-16

„… infrastructure, symbols or advertisements and of course language to find out in which country they are. With …” „… integration of infrastructure in different sectors. The focus of interest was mainly historical, but the aim …”

The “railway age” and “automobile age” as periods of study S. 23-24

„… of infrastructure networks owned by different public and/or private companies, the latter being more …” „… emergence of fixed infrastructure (tracks, buildings, facilities) on the one hand, and through newly …”

Synthesis S. 283-294

„… . Changing Patterns of Infrastructure Governance in the Transport and Communication Sectors in Europe, in …” „… Internationalization of Infrastructures. Proceedings of the 12th Conference on the Economics of Infrastructures, edited …”

List of tables S. 13-14

„… of the two infrastructure projects 195 Chapter IV Table 1: Types of coupons 235 Table 2: Ticket …”

Structural issues S. 86-95

„… dimension and comparable topics between the two cases such as competition from other routes, infrastructure …” „… innovation in infrastructure governance, because it provided for the first time in railway history for ? an …”

Outlook S. 72-82

„… integration of transport infrastructure and services have without doubt increased significantly in intensity …” „… fer. Révue Générale des Chemins de Fer, 537–553. van der Vleuten, E. 2004. Infrastructures and …”

Introduction, topic and definitions S. 33-34

„… systems..In the field of infrastructure, the main challenge is to achieve coherent, interoperable networks …”

Procedural issues S. 128-158

„… sector involvement in the later infrastructure works. But the Danish reaction now was decidedly negative …” „… the future viability of an infrastructure project such as the VFL. But in spite of the need for a …” „… resources necessary to complete the German parts of the infrastructure, DB obtained two thirds of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250397

Edwin Bancroft Henderson - The Grandfather of Black Basketball

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Edwin Bancroft Henderson

The Grandfather of Black Basketball

2024

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Building the Infrastructure S. 63-74

doi.org/10.5771/9781538163627

Hans-Helmuth Gander, Walter Perron, Ralf Poscher, Gisela Riescher, Thomas Würtenberger - Resilienz in der offenen Gesellschaft

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Hans-Helmuth Gander (ed.), Walter Perron (ed.), Ralf Poscher (ed.), Gisela Riescher (ed.), Thomas Würtenberger (ed.)

Resilienz in der offenen Gesellschaft

Series: Sicherheit und Gesellschaft. Freiburger Studien des Centre for Security and Society

Volume 1 2012

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Jean-Pierre Galland A critique of the notion of critical infrastructure S. 301-321

„… 301 A critique of the notion of critical infrastructure Jean-Pierre Galland 1 In recent years …” „… , critical infrastructures have been a subject of close scrutiny in most industrialised countries. On the …” „… infrastructures and the most effective ways of protecting these, while, on the other hand – essentially Anglo …”

Gerhard J. A. Schneider Some thoughts on harming privacy by protecting critical infrastructures (statement) S. 133-139

„… 133 Some thoughts on harming privacy by protecting critical infrastructures Gerhard J. A …” „… . Schneider Critical infrastructures As most people seem to be unaware of the complex dependencies of our …” „… society on technology and infrastructure, it is a challenge to identify such critical infrastructures and …”

Stefan Kaufmann, Sabine Blum Governing (In)Security: The Rise of Resilience S. 233-259

„… strategic objective for individuals, communities, infrastructures, schools, hospitals and even whole …” „… of infrastructures, the development of a specific (organizational) culture of security and the …” „… roughly three headings: the reduc- 244 tion of physical vulnerabilities of infrastructures and urban …”

Klaus Thoma, Tobias Leismann, Daniel Hiller The Concept of Resilience in the Context of Technical Sciences S. 321-341

„… infrastructures. Our modern industrial societies – their populations are continuously concentrated around large …” „… urban areas 1 – are interlinked with infrastructure networks providing citizens with mobility, energy …” „… infrastructures and the concurrent accessibility of means of destruction to terrorist groups and individual …”

Sandro Etalle, Daniel Trivellato A posteriori compliance control S. 125-133

„… data in electronic format – to be enforced by the IT infrastructure (that is, by some mechanism within …” „… system (access control), or within systems sharing a common IT infrastructure (DRM). Nowadays, however …” „… to be willing to merge their IT infrastructure for the time required by the cooperation. Instead, the …”

Meir Elran Societal Resilience: A Key Response to Severe Terror S. 291-301

„… when no terror is in sight. 301 A critique of the notion of critical infrastructure …” „… Jean-Pierre Galland 1 In recent years, critical infrastructures have been a subject of close scrutiny in …” „… their respective critical infrastructures and the most effective ways of protecting these, while, on …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Gerhard J. A. Schneider Some thoughts on harming privacy by protecting critical infrastructures …” „… Galland A critique of the notion of critical infrastructure 301 Klaus Thoma, Tobias Leismann & Daniel …”

Günter Müller Informationsasymmetrien, Resilienz und Kritische Infrastrukturen bei WEB 2.0 (statement) S. 341-344

„… Response to “Resilience and Critical Infrastructure“ Günter Müller I. Natur der kooperativen Dienste …”

Patricia H. Longstaff Complexity and Resilience: Concepts for Community Security S. 259-281

„… . Homeland Security Advisory Council Critical Infrastructure Taskforce (HSAC CITF) favors this definition …” „… (DHS) uses this definition: “Resilience is the ability of systems, infrastructures, government …” „… : ecological, economic, physical infrastructure, social, governance, and information systems. Some of these …”

Wolfgang Hochbruck Security and Society in Cultural Studies (statement) S. 101-113

„… been: - the reduction of vulnerabilities, - the development of robust infrastructure systems, - the …” „… infrastructures. Given the importance of power and water supply lines, electricity generating plants, and public …”

Günter Müller Mit sicheren IT-Infrastrukturen zu einem beherrschbaren Finanzsystem S. 113-125

„… , G. et al. (Hrsg.): Multilateral Security in Communications. Technology, Infrastructure, Economy, S …”

Wolf R. Dombrowski Resilience from a sociological viewpoint S. 281-291

„… infrastructure, schools, and hospitals.10 From then on, “resilience” swelled to a global political ambition …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845238098

Michael Krail - System-Based Analysis of Income Distribution Impacts on Mobility Behaviour

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Michael Krail

System-Based Analysis of Income Distribution Impacts on Mobility Behaviour

Series: Karlsruher Beiträge zur wirtschaftspolitischen Forschung - Karlsruhe Papers in Economic Policy Research

Volume 28 2009

Results in this title

Infrastructure Module S. 57

„… . 3.2.6 Infrastructure Module The main objective of the Infrastructure (INF) module is the simulation of …” „… module does not depict the transport assignment, infrastructure investments derived both from the …” „… economic development provided by the MAC and from infrastructure investment policies alter the …”

Policy Scenario Results S. 168-174

„… following figure. 169 Carbon TaxTRA CostsNew Car RegistrationsRevenuesSubsidiesH2 InfrastructureShare H2 …” „… a carbon tax and parallel investments into hydrogen infrastructure. All indicators besides exports …”

Transport Module S. 55-57

„… costs per O/D and trip purpose depend on influencing factors like infrastructure capacity and travel …” „… speeds both provided by the Infrastructure module, composition of vehicle fleets, transport charges, fuel …” „… the government model. 3.2.6 Infrastructure Module The main objective of the Infrastructure (INF …”

Vehicle Fleet Module S. 57-59

„… . 3.2.6 Infrastructure Module The main objective of the Infrastructure (INF) module is the simulation of …” „… module does not depict the transport assignment, infrastructure investments derived both from the …” „… economic development provided by the MAC and from infrastructure investment policies alter the …”

Welfare Measurement Module S. 60-61

„… include infrastructure investments. Then the multiplier is calculated as the ratio of increases in GDP …” „… the value applied in Germany for national transport infrastructure planning, but this could be …” „… infrastructure investments are considered. Second, since the model also calculates the changes of investments in …”

Environment Module S. 59-60

„… calculation of investment multipliers which makes sense mainly for policies that include infrastructure …” „… Germany for national transport infrastructure planning, but this could be selected). For the investments …” „… to consider there would be two alternatives: first, only the direct infrastructure investments are …”

Population Module S. 40-44

„… (FOT), • Regional economic module (REM), • Transport module (TRA), • Infrastructure module (INF …” „… Vehicles, VATDisposable IncomeInfrastructureInvestmentExports, ImportsGDP, Productivity Goods FlowsGDP …” „… = EnvironmentINF = InfrastructureWEM = Welfare MeasurementASTRA Modules and InteractionsConsumption, Investment in …”

Baseline Scenario Definition S. 148-152

„… infrastructure scenarios were studied. Several technological scenarios considering predefined, prospective …” „… by a carbon tax or subsidies were applied for the funding of hydrogen or biofuel infrastructure in …” „… station infrastructure and a competitive hydrogen production industry must be developed in parallel. The …”

Macroeconomic Module S. 44-49

„… initiated by new transport infrastructure investments, additional road charging expenditures, energy price …” „… module and Infrastructure (INF) module provide necessary information for the investments of transport …” „… employees pricing revenues from state-owned transport infrastructure are opposed to expenditures, like …”

Policy Scenario Definition S. 166-168

„… dependency on oil through the creation of a market-based transportation infrastructure that supports electric …” „… infrastructure development which enables mass production of fuel under the constraint of lowest possible …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-20

„… Freight Distribution 54 3.2.5 Transport Module 55 3.2.6 Infrastructure Module 57 3.2.7 Vehicle Fleet …” „… Infrastructure module IRL Ireland ISCED International Standard Classification of Education of the United Nations …”

References S. 179-185

„… Assessment of Transport Infrastructure Plans”, Dissertation thesis at IWW, Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden …” „… ”, deliverable D5 of TIPMAC (Transport infrastructure and policy: a macroeconomic analysis for the EU), funded by …”

Foreign Trade Module S. 49-50

„… contributions from employees pricing revenues from state-owned transport infrastructure are opposed to …”

Comparison with Ex-Ante ASTRA Model S. 163-166

„… dependency on oil through the creation of a market-based transportation infrastructure that supports electric …”

Concept of ASTRA S. 38-40

„… federal cross-modal transport infrastructure plan BVWP (GÜHNEMANN 2000). The modellers analysed and …”

Car Technology Choice Model S. 127-137

„… development of technology and filling station infrastructure. Taking into account these significant impacts …”

Baseline Scenario Results S. 152-163

„… the markets via improvement of filling station infrastructure play an important role for this trend …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216591

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