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Jonathan Lewy - Drugs in Germany and the United States, 1819-1945

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Jonathan Lewy

Drugs in Germany and the United States, 1819-1945

Reihe: Wissen über Waren - Historische Studien zu Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln

Band 2 2017

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Age of Prohibition S. 241-258

„… . 852 See, for example, J. A. Homan, Prohibition-The Enemy of Temperance: An Exposition of the Liquor …” „… prohibitionist discourse hardly went silent with the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Indeed, the Woman’s Christian …” „… Age of Prohibition In the early days of the republic, alcohol featured prominently in everyday …”

Fighting the Drug Trade S. 259-286

„… Fighting the Drug Trade Prohibition divided America, with Wets and Drys struggling mightily against …” „… introduction, during the very same era, of a far more enduring form of prohibition – what is today, a century …” „… drugs shared several important features with the national prohibition on alcohol passed later that …”

Conclusions S. 299-310

„… few and far between and never reached the same intensity as Prohibition in the United States or the …” „… medical hybrid of a “moral disease.” Prohibition was the culmination of a moral panic rather than a …” „… medical concepts for the implementation of substance prohibition in the 20th century. In the new age of …”

Bibliography S. 311-334

„… . Homan, J. A., Prohibition-The Enemy of Temperance: An Exposition of the Liquor Problem in the Light of …” „… ). “Prohibition and Inebriety,” Journal of Mental Science (British Journal of Psychiatry), vol. 35/149 (1889 …” „… and the Tree of Knowledge: An Inquiry into the Legal History of American Marijuana Prohibition …”

Moral Diseases S. 209-240

„… stance these physicians ended up regarding prohibition. Science led to prohibition, or so claimed its …” „… Temperance Hospital in Chicago, advocated the total prohibition of alcohol, save for medicinal uses. As early …” „… . 736 “Prohibition and Inebriety,” Journal of Mental Science (British Journal of Psychiatry), 5:149 …”

Introduction S. 11-32

„… movements or alcohol prohibition altogether, but instead it refers to them when necessary to understand why …” „… experiment: Prohibition. The last two chapters deal with the legal measures taken against the drug trade both …” „… alcohol long before the final act of national Prohibition materialized in the 20th century in the form of …”

Meat vs. Rice S. 165-184

„… man’s problem, and its prohibition was intended to keep the Chinese away from America. Deady did not …” „… Fruit and the Tree of Knowledge: An Inquiry into the Legal History of American Marijuana Prohibition …” „… , 90-97. 598 James H. Timberlake, Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900-1925 (Cambridge MA …”

The Birth of a Panic S. 185-208

„… opium trade flourished.628 The prohibition of alcohol in Iowa in 1886 exerted pressure on pharmacists to …” „… , denied the charge before Congress in 1910 that prohibition caused drug use, or a ban on drugs would …” „… History of Marijuana Prohibition in the United States (New York: Lindesmith Center, 1999), 32-52, 354. 675 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… vs. Rice7. 167 The Birth of a Panic8. 185 Moral Diseases9. 209 Age of Prohibition10. 241 Fighting the …”

Index S. 335-338

„… Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten 279 Prohibition 19, 24, 175, 177, 198, 215, 216, 222, 225, 227, 241, 243–257, 259, 261, 264 …”

The Drinking Disease S. 33-66

„… that prohibition, like the version enforced in Maine in 1851, was ineffective. Although he believed it …” „… exerted by drinkers. Thus, barring prohibition, “one of the most effective prophylactic measures against …”

Treatment vs. Incarceration S. 287-298

„… Prohibition Bureau’s Narcotic Division. The head of the Narcotic Division, Levi G. Nutt, commended the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276380

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Udo Reifner

Using Money

Reihe: Schriften des Instituts für Finanzdienstleistungen e.V.

Band 13 2007

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Usury: Thresholds and Prohibition S. 47-49

„… : Thresholds and Prohibition What can we do? We should commit to the principle of indivisible justice in the EU …” „… the fundamental principle of the usury threshold and the prohibition of usury in all its forms. We …”

Jurisprudence and Morals S. 44-45

„… protection for the European Commission, which set out the prohibition against usury in its many ramifications …” „… recognises the prohibition against improvident extension of credit. Swiss law similarly has modernised and …”

Against Social Discrimination S. 45-46

„… European Commission, which set out the prohibition against usury in its many ramifications. Anatocism …” „… the prohibition against improvident extension of credit. Swiss law similarly has modernised and …”

Usury and Bribery S. 15-18

„… prohibitions contained in Art. 138 para.2 Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (German Civil Code – “BGB”) and §12 Gesetz …” „… . The courts have embarked on this process and added a more social prohibition against the exploitation …”

Charity – “Love Thy Neighbour” S. 38-39

„… with borrowers, the prohibition against profit from rescheduling debt or new thinking on insurance for …”

Our Services S. 137-138

„… prohibition against contact before tendering makes no sense for research because there is no other opportunity …”

Berlemont: The 26<sup>th</sup> state of the EU? S. 46-47

„… : Thresholds and Prohibition What can we do? We should commit to the principle of indivisible justice in the EU …”

A Year of Auditors and Authorities S. 138-139

„… prohibition against contact before tendering makes no sense for research because there is no other opportunity …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Against Social Discrimination 45 Berlemont: The 26th state of the EU? 46 Usury: Thresholds and Prohibition …”

Facilitating Self-determined and Effective Consumption S. 59-61

„… . It took 200 years to achieve a prohibition of cartels under civil law. If courts and supervisory …”

“Creditworthy Lenders” S. 35-38

„… borrowers, the prohibition against profit from rescheduling debt or new thinking on insurance for …”

Money as a Security S. 49-59

„… Adam Smith saw as a fundamental principle. It took 200 years to achieve a prohibition of cartels under …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204529

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Christoph Grabenwarter

European Convention on Human Rights

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2014

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– Prohibition of discrimination S. 361-385

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 14 – Prohibition of discriminationThe enjoyment of …” „… ; Heringa/van Hoof, Prohibition of discrimination (Article 14), in: van Dijk/van Hoof/van Rijn/Zwaak …” „… 14 – Prohibition of discriminationArt. 14340Reemers Publishing Services GmbHo:/Beck …”

– Prohibition of torture S. 52-73

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 3 – Prohibition of tortureNo one shall be subjected …” „… oude´gradants.Bibliography: Cassese, Prohibition of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, in …” „… as a sanction); ECtHR, 7/7/1989, Soeringv UK, No. 14038/88 (prohibition of extradition due to death …”

– Prohibition of slavery and forced labour S. 74-81

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 4 – Prohibition of slavery and forced labour1. No …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1II. Prohibition of slavery and servitude …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2III. Prohibition on Forced or Compulsory Labour …”

Protocol No. 4 S. 431-443

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmProtocol No. 4Article 1 – Prohibition of imprisonment for …” „… interferences withthe prohibition of imprisonment for debt, the principles established under Article 5apply to …” „… , m.n. 5.4 EComHR, 15/5/1996, Ninin v FRA, No. 27373/95.Article 1 – Prohibition of imprisonment for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-21

„… ................................................................. 25Article 3 – Prohibition of torture …” „… .................................................................................. 51Article 4 – Prohibition of slavery and forced labour …” „… ..................................................................................................................... 54II. Prohibition of slavery and servitude …”

Index S. 566-577

„… – prevention of 5, 16, 21Absolute rights/prohibitions 3, 7; 4, 2, 3; 6, 67Abuse of right of complaint 6, 69 …” „… , 20; P7-1, 3Alternative national service 4, 8; 6, 11Analogy, prohibition of 7, 5Ancillary right 13, 2 …” „… Assembly 11, 5– counter-demonstration 11, 6– peaceful assemblies 11, 6– prohibition 11, 12, 20 …”

Protocol No. 12 S. 464-466

„… B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmProtocol No. 12Article 1 – General prohibition of …” „… the general prohibition of discrimination is applicable, theCourt, for the interpretation of the …” „… general prohibition of discrimination concerns, first,the right not to be discriminated against in the …”

– Freedom of assembly and association S. 318-339

„… tradeunion); ECtHR, 30/1/1998 (GC), United Communist Party of Turkey a. o. v TUR, No. 19392/92(prohibition of …” „… a political party); ECtHR, 25/5/1998, Socialist Party a. o. v TUR, No. 21237/93(prohibition of a …” „… TUR, No. 41340/98 (prohibition of a political party); ECtHR,11/1/2006, Sørensen and Rasmussen v DEN …”

Full text of the European Convention on Human Rights (including Protocols Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 12 and 13) S. 468-503

„… detained;(c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.ARTICLE 3Prohibition …” „… orpunishment.ARTICLE 4Prohibition of slavery and forced labour1. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.2. No one …” „… : 160.00mm 240.00mmARTICLE 14Prohibition of discriminationThe enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set …”

– Right to marry S. 340-347

„… family, and the prohibition of discrimination, in: Boelle-Woelki/Fuchs (ed.),Legal recognition of …” „… (temporary prohibition on remarriage following divorce); ECtHR, 27/9/1990, Cossey v UK, No. 10843/84 …” „… argument that a temporary prohibition of remarriage isdesigned to preserve the rights of others, namely …”

– Freedom of expression S. 272-317

„… Article 19 of the ICCPR. In addition, theICCPR includes a ‘prohibition of propaganda for war and advocacy …” „… One might argue the prohibition of the abuse of rights laid down in Article 17leads to a different …” „… disturbance, the fine imposed was disproportionate.19Taking account of the prohibition of abuse when …”

– No punishment without law S. 192-203

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52. Prohibition of retrospective application of criminal law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63. The …” „… requirement of a sufficiently clear legal basis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104. Prohibition of …” „… in Article 15: Article 15stipulates that Article 7 (together with the prohibition of torture and of …”

– Freedom of thought, conscience and religion S. 255-271

„… ; ECtHR, 24/2/1998, Larissis vGRE, No. 23372/94 et al (prohibition of proselytism); ECtHR, 27/6/2000 (GC …” „… ,10/11/2005 (GC), Leyla Sahin v TUR, No. 44774/98 (prohibition on wearing religious head coverings in State …” „… communities interfere with the freedom of religion.58 However, the prohibition of ritual slaughtering does not …”

– Right to liberty and security S. 82-118

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104. Exceptions to the prohibition of deprivation of liberty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11a …” „… exhaustive list of exceptions to the prohibition of deprivation of liberty and sets the conditions under …” „… oforigin. In this sphere, it is primarily the prohibition of torture and inhuman ordegrading treatment or …”

– Obligation to respect human rights S. 22-32

„… Convention. Exceptionally, the nationalityis decisive for the prohibition of expulsion of nationals and the …” „… . This is the case for the right to life,the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment …” „… (Article 2 and 3), aswell as the right to liberty and security (Article 5), the prohibition of the …”

– Right to family life S. 204-254

„… family life, the rightto marry and to found a family, and the prohibition of discrimination, in …” „… from the right to life guaranteed under Article 2 and the prohibition of torture and inhuman and …” „… physical integrity.24The distinction between the prohibition of inhuman treatment and securingphysical …”

– Right to Life S. 33-51

„… from the intentional and unlawful taking of life. This prohibition isrestricted by the one exception of …” „… the execution of a death sentence. In connectionwith the prohibition of intentional taking of life …” „… prohibition ofintentional killing under Article 2 (2) of the Convention are covered by Article 52 (3)of the …”

Protocol No. 6 S. 444-463

„… benefit from the prohibition ofinhuman or degrading treatment under Article 3 and the right to respect for …” „… right to respectfor family life (Article 8), the right to marry (Article 12) and the prohibition …”

Protocol No. 1 S. 386-430

„… prohibitions on construction, issued by the government, that wereclosely linked to it. The Court held that …” „… closely linked to the prohibition of discriminationunder Article 14. The phrase ‘No person shall…’ lays …”

– Right to an effective remedy S. 348-360

„… Article 2, the prohibition of torture underArticle 3 and with the right to respect for private and family …”

– Right to a fair trial S. 119-191

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258942

Kerstin von der Decken, Angelika Günzel - Staat – Religion – Recht

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Kerstin von der Decken (Hrsg.), Angelika Günzel (Hrsg.)

Staat – Religion – Recht

2020

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Lina Papadopoulou Prohibitions of Religiously Loaded Speech. (How) Can Advocacy for Allowing Blasphemy be Reconciled with Supporting the Prohibition of Hate Speech? S. 847-864

„… Prohibitions of Religiously Loaded Speech. (How) Can Advocacy for Allowing Blasphemy be Reconciled …” „… with Supporting the Prohibition of Hate Speech? Lina Papadopoulou* From Blasphemy to the Prohibition of …” „… many European legal orders or/and international law. These prohibitions constitute a – at least prima …”

Miguel Rodríguez Blanco Public Funding of Religions in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights S. 595-614

„… guarantees not to endow any religion” (Article 44.2). We may also encounter legal prohibitions on the …” „… permitted.11 This is also the case with France, where the prohibition of funding under Article 2 of the Law …” „… prohibition on discrimination. Another key concern has emerged in certain other cases, in which the Court has …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Speech: Some Thoughts in the Light of Recent Strasbourg Judgments 831 Javier Martínez-Torrón Prohibitions …” „… the Prohibition of Hate Speech? 847 Lina Papadopoulou Privilegierung eigener Staatsangehöriger im …”

Mark Hill Limitations on Freedom of Religion: Assessing the Reach of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights S. 815-830

„… prohibition or restriction on certain conduct) which prevents or inhibits religiously motivated practices …” „… face coverings in public places. The Government argued that the prohibition was necessary in the …” „… demonstrates that the earlier prohibition was not of crucial importance.”46 These conclusions can be contrasted …”

Javier Martínez-Torrón Freedom of Expression and Abusive Speech: Some Thoughts in the Light of Recent Strasbourg Judgments S. 831-846

„… cases several times since Otto-Preminger-Institut, in 1994, concerning the judicial prohibition of a …” „… the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church. Ibragim Ibragimov6 involved the prohibition and seizure …” „… , together with the sentence “Islam out of Britain – Protect the British People” and a prohibition sign with …”

Volker Krey About the Criminal Liability of Wives for Adultery: A classic Example of oppressing Women. Reflections on Legal History. Pre-State Societies, the Code of Hammurabi with Sumerian Precursors, and German... S. 63-90

„… prohibitions/taboos, there existed informal instruments for conflict resolution, in particular the following ones …” „… behavioural norms being part of the pre-legal social order, such as incest taboo, prohibition of adultery, and …”

Michael Wiener From “Religions versus Human Rights” to “Faith for Rights” S. 319-332

„… of 24 March 2011, UN Doc. A/HRC/RES/16/18. 17 Rabat Plan of Action on the Prohibition of Advocacy of …”

Balázs Schanda The Constitutional Protection of Hungary’s Christian Culture S. 1023-1036

„… principle of neutrality stems (freedom of conscience and religion, the prohibition of negative …”

Alexander Proelß Flüchtlings- und menschenrechtliche Aspekte der Pflicht zur Seenotrettung S. 885-902

„… humanitarian law and international human rights law, including in particular the prohibition of refoulement.”12 …”

Michał Rynkowski The Case of Dr JQ – Dr Rommelfanger’s Case of the 21st Century? S. 521-538

„… a particular justification, the prohibition of entry/circulation would require the EU to state which …”

Silvio Ferrari Religious Minorities and Legal Pluralism in Europe S. 353-368

„… of the European Convention of Human Rights26 (prohibition of discrimination) in conjunction with …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748909873

David Krivanek - The Weapons Provisions in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and in the German Code of Crimes Against International Law

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David Krivanek

The Weapons Provisions in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and in the German Code of Crimes Against International Law

2010

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Subject of a comprehensive prohibition S. 165-172

„… of armedconflict occurred.Subject of a comprehensive prohibitionThe next requirement of Article 8 (2 …” „… ) (b) (xx) of the Rome Statute is that the meansare 'subject of a comprehensive prohibition'.e.III.IV …” „… prohibition.Preliminary conclusionIt has been found that a comprehensive prohibition of the use of nuclear weaponsdoes not …”

Weapons encompassed by Article 8 (2) (b) (xviii) of the Rome Statute S. 93-117

„… theexisting prohibition of chemical agents and at the same time to codify a prohibitionof the use of …” „… asphyxiatingor toxic properties.IV.1.431 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and …” „… . Baxter, Buergenthal, 64 AJIL 1970, at 856: "[T]he prohibition … in its English text …could hardly have …”

Scope of application S. 92-93

„… encompassedby the prohibition in this Protocol. The Geneva Protocol proscribes, first and foremost, the …” „… containing a general prohibition of all formsof chemical agents.428 In fact, some delegations at the Rome …” „… to its paragraph 5, the prohibition extends to the employment of bacteriological means of warfare.430 …”

Effects of the gas, substance or device S. 91-92

„… application has to be seen in the light of what is encompassedby the prohibition in this Protocol. The Geneva …” „… reason, itis usually interpreted very broadly as containing a general prohibition of all formsof chemical …” „… interpretation of the Geneva Protocol.429 Further,according to its paragraph 5, the prohibition extends to the …”

Scope of application S. 118-123

„… omitted. So have chemicalweapons, unless they can be considered to be included by the prohibition of …” „… has implemented the Convention by means of the Act on theConvention on the Prohibition of the …” „… criminali?es violations of the prohibition contained inSec. 18, thus even exceeding the Convention …”

General Comment S. 87-89

„… pre-existing instruments onthe prohibition of such weapons.389 These include the Declaration concerning …” „… prohibition being largely obeyed in the periodbetween the wars, although there have been allegations of Italy …” „… opinion of the civili?ed world; andWhereas the prohibition of such use has been declared in Treaties to …”

General Comment S. 38-39

„… of the LieberCode.108Nowadays, more general prohibitions of the employment of poison, extendingthe …” „… prohibition to the 'rendering useless', i.e., the contamination, of water-supplyinstallations and foodstuffs …” „… .), Elements of Crimes, at 178. This is documented by thefact that a prohibition of poison or poisonous weapons …”

Possible applicability to other weapons S. 136-138

„… particular when seen inlight of the prohibition of superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering. Nevertheless …” „… appropriate. It is one thing to establish the prohibition of aparticular means of warfare either by a specific …” „… , however, something quite different to draw an inferencefrom such prohibition by analogy to the criminal …”

General Comment S. 127-128

„… Law of Armed Conflict, marginal no. 6.9.1: "This prohibition[of bullets which expand or flatten easily …” „… ) concerningExpanding Bullets.585 The prohibition contained in this Declaration originates fromthe principle of …” „… Declaration has generally been adheredto,589 making it safe to consider the prohibition of such bullets part …”

Of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering or inherently indiscriminate S. 149-165

„… prohibitionThe next requirement of Article 8 (2) (b) (xx) of the Rome Statute is that the meansare 'subject of a …” „… comprehensive prohibition'.e.III.IV.837 This is already implied by the name of the most common riot control …” „… an armed conflictis to weaken the military forces of the opponent.721More recently the prohibition to …”

Bullets that expand or flatten easily in the human body S. 128-135

„… design or the effect of the bullet as the decisive criterion for the prohibition. An initial proposal …” „… pointammunition'; U.S. Law of War Handbook, at 178.606 Askin puts this prohibition into the right context when …” „… referred to when considering the prohibition of weapons yet unknownin 1899: Article 22 of the Hague …”

Bibliography S. 201-232

„… ) concerning Asphyxiating Gases. 29 July 1899.The Hague Declaration (IV,3) concerning the Prohibition of Using …” „… and Noxious Gases in Warfare. Washington, 6 February1922.Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in …” „… December 1966. 999 UNTS(1976) 171.201Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the …”

Relationship to Article 8 (2) (b) (xviii) of the Rome Statute S. 44-46

„… the Rome Statute is based, as a starting point, the prohibition of the use of poisongenerally refers …” „… prohibition of smearing bullets with poison.148It is debatable whether the use of poisonous gases is also …” „… ofpoisonous gas.154Moreover, the provisions have different backgrounds: The prohibition of poisoncontained in …”

Future Review Conferences S. 190-193

„… prohibition of theuse of nuclear weapons since the Rome Conference, although the InternationalCourt of Justice …” „… has stated in its Nuclear Weapons advisory opinion that "[t]here995 For options of such a prohibition …” „… the most well-established and fundamental prohibitions,1003 the development of international …”

Employing weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare S. 148-149

„… unique. Not only does it not, as the otherthree provisions, contain a prohibition of specific means of …” „… forces of the opponent.721More recently the prohibition to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary …” „… on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps andOther Devices, 3 May 1996.149 …”

Gas or other analogous substance or device S. 89-90

„… prohibition of the use of such substances has been reinforced when theU.N. Secretary-General affirmed its …” „… Secretary-General did not use the exact wording of the Geneva Protocol.409 Convention on the Prohibition of the …” „… existing rules relating to the prohibition of the use of chemicalweapons owing to the threshold of the …”

Comparing the contextual elements of the Rome Statute and of the CCAIL S. 181-185

„… … cover such areas as … [a] prohibition of means of warfareproscribed in international armed conflicts.944 …” „… weapons prohibitions that the criminal provisions in the Rome Statuteare derived from are regarded as …” „… weapons by Iraq in the 1980samply demonstrates a prohibition – and criminality – of the employment of …”

Drafting history of the weapons provisions in the Rome Statute S. 27-31

„… Committee submitted a proposal which included the prohibition ofcertain projectiles and bullets as well as …” „… the other ones in so far asit included no list at all, but simply a general prohibition of the use of …” „… as defined in article 2 of the 1993 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production …”

Overview of the Rome Statute's weapons provisions S. 21-23

„… discussed in the context of these prohibitions.These include in particular nuclear, biological and chemical …” „… ) (b)(xvii) – (xix) of the Statute. Being based on specific weapons prohibitions, theseprovisions call, first …” „… are the subject of a comprehensive prohibition and are included in anannex to this Statute, by an …”

Effects of the substance S. 42-44

„… .1.131 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use ofChemical …” „… ) (b) (xvii)of the Rome Statute is based, as a starting point, the prohibition of the use of …” „… the prohibition of smearing bullets with poison.148It is debatable whether the use of poisonous gases …”

Other bullets S. 142-145

„… , as has been outlined above, created to prohibit the employmentof dum-dum bullets,691 a prohibition …” „… has included a prohibition of the use of leadshot in its military manual under the provision …” „… prohibition of the use of shotgun ammunition.Yet, it has been pointed out that this German understanding was …”

In violation of the international law of armed conflict S. 165

„… of armedconflict occurred.Subject of a comprehensive prohibitionThe next requirement of Article 8 (2 …” „… ) (b) (xx) of the Rome Statute is that the meansare 'subject of a comprehensive prohibition'.e.III.IV …”

Employment S. 89

„… prohibition of the use of such substances has been reinforced when theU.N. Secretary-General affirmed its …” „… Secretary-General did not use the exact wording of the Geneva Protocol.409 Convention on the Prohibition of the …”

Introduction S. 141-142

„… regarding the customary character ofsome of these prohibitions.686Implementation of Article 8 (2) (b) (xix …” „… , as has been outlined above, created to prohibit the employmentof dum-dum bullets,691 a prohibition …”

General Comment S. 147-148

„… comprehensive prohibition and are included inan annex to this Statute, by an amendment in accordance with the …” „… prohibition of specific means of warfare. It was alsodecided not to bestow any Elements of crime on this …”

Decision taken at the Review Conference S. 195-196

„… prohibition of such weapons may seem doubtful. Also the criminalityof the employment of anti-personnel mines …” „… consideringthe existing evidence of State practice regarding prohibitions of the use of these means ofwarfare in …”

Comparison with the weapons provisions of the Code of Crimes against International Law S. 23-24

„… methods of warfare are the subject of a comprehensive prohibition and are included in anannex to this …” „… relating to the prohibition of the use of certainweapons. For as long as wars have been waged,11 weapons …”

In violation of the international law of armed conflict S. 135-136

„… might arguably allow for the prohibition – andcriminali?ation – of the use of bullets that are currently …” „… incorporating such a prohibition in a new Protocolto the 1980 Conventional Weapons Convention; Prokosch, idem …”

Conclusion regarding the scope of application of Sec. 12 (1) No. 3 of the CCAIL S. 146

„… are modelled after the prohibition contained in the 1899Declaration concerning Expanding Bullets.VI.G …”

Comparing Article 8 (2) (b) (xix) of the Rome Statute and Sec. 12 (1) No. 3 of the CCAIL S. 146

„… are modelled after the prohibition contained in the 1899Declaration concerning Expanding Bullets.VI.G …”

Conclusion regarding the scope of application of Article 8 (2) (b) (xviii) of the Rome Statute S. 118

„… omitted. So have chemicalweapons, unless they can be considered to be included by the prohibition of …”

Introduction S. 118

„… omitted. So have chemicalweapons, unless they can be considered to be included by the prohibition of …”

Introduction S. 176

„… particularly true with regard to the prohibition of the use of certain means ofwarfare in non-international …”

Element of Crime 1: The perpetrator employed certain bullets. S. 128

„… design or the effect of the bullet as the decisive criterion for the prohibition. An initial proposal …”

Article 8 (2) (b) (xx) of the Rome Statute S. 23

„… methods of warfare are the subject of a comprehensive prohibition and are included in anannex to this …”

Conclusion regarding the scope of application of Sec. 12 (1) No. 1 of the CCAIL S. 85

„… the prohibition of which has beenspecifically created in order to make combat more humane. Therefore …”

Scope of application S. 142

„… , as has been outlined above, created to prohibit the employmentof dum-dum bullets,691 a prohibition …”

Aggravating circumstances S. 145-146

„… are modelled after the prohibition contained in the 1899Declaration concerning Expanding Bullets.VI.G …”

Mental Element S. 117-118

„… chemicalweapons, unless they can be considered to be included by the prohibition of theGeneva Protocol. The use of …”

Findings S. 187-188

„… nuclear weapons is one thing. Although goodarguments militate in favor of a general prohibition and as a …”

Employment S. 39-40

„… & Security Law 2006, p. 201, at 219 et seq.116 Cf. for an earlier affirmation that the prohibition of the use …”

Conclusion regarding the scope of application of Article 8 (2) (b) (xix) of the Rome Statute S. 140-141

„… customary character ofsome of these prohibitions.686Implementation of Article 8 (2) (b) (xix) of the Rome …”

Comparing Article 8 (2) (b) (xvii) of the Rome Statute and Sec. 12 (1) No. 1 of the CCAIL S. 85-86

„… the prohibition of which has beenspecifically created in order to make combat more humane. Therefore …”

Asphyxiating or toxic properties S. 90-91

„… ofthis Element on other existing rules relating to the prohibition of the use of chemicalweapons owing to …”

Included in an annex to the Statute S. 172-173

„… ) (b) (xx) ofthe Statute and agree on them being subject of a comprehensive prohibition. Thechanges …”

Introduction S. 194-195

„… protocols, eventhe general prohibition of such weapons may seem doubtful. Also the criminalityof the …”

History of restricting the use of certain means of warfare S. 24-25

„… prohibition of the use of certainweapons. For as long as wars have been waged,11 weapons have been used, and …”

Toxic properties S. 40-42

„… need to stop injuries not passingII.1.131 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production …”

Elements of Crimes of the new provisions S. 196-198

„… State practice regarding prohibitions of the use of these means ofwarfare in non-international armed …”

Weapons encompassed by Article 8 (2) (b) (xvii) of the Rome Statute S. 46-67

„… prohibition, i.e., poisonous weapons. Undoubtedly, themain effect of means of warfare prohibited under Article …” „… or prohibited. Since the absence ofa prohibition militates in favor of permission and no objections …” „… internationalconsensus on the prohibition of the use of depleted uranium projectiles yet.280 No detailed elaboration of …”

Mental Element: The perpetrator was aware that the nature of the bullets was such that their employment would uselessly aggravate suffering or the wounding effect. S. 138-140

„… solution was, again,to have recourse to the philosophy behind the prohibition of the weapons encompassed by …”

Aggravating circumstances S. 83-85

„… or seriously injured by weapons the prohibition of which has beenspecifically created in order to …”

Overview of new provisions in the Rome Statute S. 25-27

„… Committee submitted a proposal which included the prohibition ofcertain projectiles and bullets as well as …”

Contextual element 1 S. 176-179

„… particularly true with regard to the prohibition of the use of certain means ofwarfare in non-international …”

Mental Element S. 67-70

„… internationalconsensus on the prohibition of the use of depleted uranium projectiles yet.280 No detailed elaboration of …” „… Beckett, 3 Chinese Journal of International Law 2004, at 58, "[t]he prohibitionson poison warfare must …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… Subject of a comprehensive prohibitionIV. 165Nuclear weapons1. 166Chemical weapons2. 169Biological weapons …”

Weapons encompassed by Sec. 12 (1) No. 1 of the CCAIL S. 73-81

„… Prohibition of the Development,Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their …”

Other weapons encompassed by Sec. 12 (1) No. 2 of the CCAIL S. 123-125

„… prohibit and penali?ethe use of biological and chemical weapons. None of these include a prohibitionof the …”

Mental element S. 125-126

„… biological and chemical weapons. None of these include a prohibitionof the use of nuclear weapons; nor do the …”

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