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Stefan Ahlswede - Israel's European policy after the Cold War

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Stefan Ahlswede

Israel's European policy after the Cold War

Reihe: Düsseldorfer Schriften zu Internationaler Politik und Völkerrecht

Band 6 2009

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

The politicians S. 207-211

„… the programme involved.667 4.8.3. The politicians The third group of actors to look at are, of course …” „… , the politicians. Following the tripartite model, the policy process can be subdivided into three …” „… the politicians’ role in agenda setting. Closer association with the EC/ EU has been on Israel’s …”

The politicians S. 121-123

„… A?airs, Miki Bavli, emerged as an important actor, too. 3.7.2. The politicians Let’s now have a look at …” „… the actors in Israel’s European policy on the politicians’ level. Who amongst the politicians has had …” „… under analysis. Typically, like the other Israeli politicians scrutinised here, the Prime Minister has …”

The politicians S. 232-235

„… with the politicians. 5.2.1. The politicians Politicians with a role in the policy process have been …” „… government ministers and members of the cabinet. Politicians outside of this small group of actors did not …” „… , it has not been possible to establish a clear picture of the politicians’ role as operators of the …”

A special case: Avi Primor S. 211-212

„… 211 4.8.3.2. Politicians in implementation Primarily, though, politicians have been active in the …” „… almost exclusively. When they acted in implementation, Israeli politicians took on a second role …” „… Israeli politicians acted as mere exponents of their respective ministries –, in dealing with their …”

The Inter-Ministerial Director Generals’ Committee for Economic International Affairs S. 205-207

„… o?cials seek to keep the political level out as much as possible, since interference of politicians is …” „… participation in the programme involved.667 4.8.3. The politicians The third group of actors to look at are, of …” „… course, the politicians. Following the tripartite model, the policy process can be subdivided into three …”

The ministerial officials S. 235-237

„… Agriculture. Their main field of action as far as these politicians have been involved in an issue at all …” „… inter-ministerial squabbles aside and championed the Israeli interest in negotiations. In summary, politicians have …” „… politicians. The most important processors of European policy on the o?cials’ level have come from the Foreign …”

The ministerial officials S. 119-121

„… hand, and the politicians acting in government positions on the other. 3.7.1. The ministerial o?cials …” „… politicians. We can certainly assume that o?cials will have played their standard operational roles, but only …” „… . The other posts of the policy process were occupied by politicians, for reasons we will look into …”

Administrative units S. 123-124

„… , when we see top politicians acting as central if not decisive processors in each of this chapter’s case …” „… relations with Europe as a high policy field deserving of being dealt with by its top politicians. In fact …” „… , the mechanism making top Israeli politicians deal with European relations works the other way around …”

Misperceptions and policy failure S. 231-232

„… then the implementation of this intended behaviour. We will start with the politicians. 5.2.1. The …” „… politicians Politicians with a role in the policy process have been government ministers and members of the …” „… cabinet. Politicians outside of this small group of actors did not have a perceivable influence on …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… 3.7. Actors 119 3.7.1. The ministerial o?cials 119 3.7.2. The politicians 121 3.7.3. Administrative …” „… . The politicians 207 4.8.3.1. Politicians in policy formulation 208 4.8.3.1.1. Peres’ inter-ministerial …” „… panel 209 4.8.3.1.2. The Prime Minister 210 4.8.3.2. Politicians in implementation 211 4.8.4. A special …”

Confusion over Israel’s goal S. 146-153

„… started was far from clear. Israeli politicians and o?cials presented oddly incompatible scenarios of what …” „… themselves, Israeli politicians and o?cials often used the terms EFTA-like status and anchorage to describe …” „… Israeli politicians and o?cials to name Israel’s goal in the negotiations, or even beyond. “EFTA status …”

Conflicting aims: contain Europe or embrace Europe? S. 267-268

„… important and central to Israel’s well-being. But even so, if top politicians deal with Europe at times …” „… top Israeli politicians for its centrality: peace process policy. Any state venturing into this arena …” „… will receive the attention of Israel’s top politicians, irrespective of the importance accredited to …”

Incompatible visions: European or Middle Eastern? S. 268-270

„… Israel’s well-being. But even so, if top politicians deal with Europe at times, this does not necessarily …” „… will be that the EU has moved into a policy field classically dealt with by top Israeli politicians for …” „… of Israel’s top politicians, irrespective of the importance accredited to bilateral relations as such …”

A third leg – Counterbalance a possible decrease of American commitment S. 113-119

„… vanished.”307 In the perception of many Israeli politicians and government o?cials, particularly to the …” „… irrelevancy. Israeli politicians and pro-Israeli commentators have claimed to discern a new strategic value of …” „… potentially worse was that at around the same time US politicians, most prominently Senator Robert Dole …”

Israel’s motivation to agree S. 77-85

„… , several politicians of Shamir’s Likud party argued that the involvement of French, German and Italian …” „… Israeli Foreign Ministry 190 Ahlswede, 1998m; Ahlswede, 1998i. In fact, the politicians’ statements …” „… politician’s profile and to receive attention, in the usual way in which a parliamentary democracy works. 191 …”

The actors S. 75-76

„… non-action: Israel hibernated. Without action there are no actors. We have a number of politicians that were …” „… of policy. The politicians’ contribution to policy output aimed at Europe, correspondingly, was …”

Exploratory talks S. 144-146

„… be aiming for once negotiations started was far from clear. Israeli politicians and o?cials presented …” „… during the negotiations themselves, Israeli politicians and o?cials often used the terms EFTA-like status …”

The research design: structured empiricism S. 21-26

„… average Israeli politician or o?cial within the scope of this study, let alone 26 establish specific …” „… , roughly 80 politicians, o?cials, diplomats and analysts have been interviewed, in Brussels and Germany …”

Tactic S. 70-75

„… . Without action there are no actors. We have a number of politicians that were involved, albeit in a …” „… politicians’ contribution to policy output aimed at Europe, correspondingly, was almost exclusively …”

External operational environment S. 29-42

„… cooperation and meetings amongst politicians, business people, academics, youth and various civil society …” „… has pursued this line, whilst leading politicians of both large parties and Prime Ministers typically …” „… overestimated.45 Finally, in the eighties, Israeli politicians and pro-Israeli American analysts added Israel’s …”

Bureaucratic units S. 237

„… actors The politicians, o?cials and bureaucratic units named above have constituted the processors of …”

Politics and economics shall not be linked? S. 262

„… agreements with the PLO and, one year later, Jordan, Israeli politicians and o?cials not only felt that in …”

Rhetoric S. 186-193

„… extent Israel’s politicians and o?cials were aware of how flimsy the link between deficit and trade …” „… commonplace amongst Israeli politicians and o?cials, and it is not conceivable at first glance why this should …”

Images – Israel’s self-perception S. 50-57

„… taken of its place in the world and of its foreign relations. Zionist and Israeli politicians have …” „… example amongst the politicians covered in this analysis. Of course, the extreme positions on our scale …”

The data basis S. 26-27

„… . In the course of this research, roughly 80 politicians, o?cials, diplomats and analysts have been …”

Bounded slippage and emergencism S. 261-262

„… the PLO and, one year later, Jordan, Israeli politicians and o?cials not only felt that in this case …”

Further actors S. 237-239

„… actors The politicians, o?cials and bureaucratic units named above have constituted the processors of …”

The dynamics of further European integration S. 130-132

„… ministerial bureaucracy has been repeatedly attacked by members of the public, the media and politicians of …”

The dispute on public procurement S. 164-166

„… contrast to a number of Israeli politicians who pushed the issue, the ministries’ o?cials dealing with …”

The ministerial officials S. 202-205

„… di?erent levels: the ministerial o?cials, the DGC, and the politicians. 658 Redmond, 1995, p. 129 f. 659 …”

What we need: form follows function S. 18-21

„… conducted to a high degree not by politicians but by o?cials, bureaucrats that is, so we will need a solid …”

Perception of the EU’s attitude S. 228-231

„… , though, statements to that end were made by government o?cials and politicians too, most notably by …”

The dispute on rules of origin S. 160-164

„… . In contrast to a number of Israeli politicians who pushed the issue, the ministries’ o?cials dealing …”

Has Israel’s European Policy changed? S. 263-267

„… beginning of the period under investigation as well at its end. Other politicians, too, have played their …”

Perspective on integration S. 274-278

„… have been calls from a number of Israeli politicians and academics for full Israeli membership to the …”

Israel’s perspective S. 108-113

„… vanished.”307 In the perception of many Israeli politicians and government o?cials, particularly to the …”

Further measures S. 195-202

„… actors of three di?erent levels: the ministerial o?cials, the DGC, and the politicians. 658 Redmond …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219189

Gonen Dori-Hacohen, Eean Grimshaw, Menno H. Reijven - Politicians at Night

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Gonen Dori-Hacohen, Eean Grimshaw, Menno H. Reijven

Politicians at Night

2024

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

The Real Celebrity Politician S. 111-140

doi.org/10.5771/9781666910612

Thomas Brändle - Selection of Public Servants into Politics

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Thomas Brändle

Selection of Public Servants into Politics

Reihe: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Band 12 2013

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Pay for politicians S. 20-25

„… remuneration of politicians,parties, electoral rules, primaries, (gender) quotas, term limits, incompatibility …” „… institutions in providing incentives for selection hasreceived much less attention.2.1 Pay for politiciansIn …” „… : Low-quality politiciansgenerate a negative externality for high-quality politicians since the reputation of …”

Electoral rules and parties S. 25-26

„… the effect of the two-tier system of the Italian electoral rule on politicians’behavior.18 For a …” „… selection and allocation of politicians.The closer electoral races in the districts are the more do parties …” „… important quality dimension of politicians,namely their professional background. We select two prominent …”

Lawyers in politics S. 29-31

„… representation of lawyers at thecountry level.304 DiscussionQuality of politiciansWhen we think of the pool of …” „… politicians as fiduciaries.Figure II.1 Representation of lawyers in selected national parliamentsNotes: The …” „… a politician. WoodrowWilson (cited in Podmore 1977: 184), for instance, stated: ”[T]he profession I …”

Discussion S. 31-34

„… 4 DiscussionQuality of politiciansWhen we think of the pool of politicians as being endogenous, the …” „… questions of whatdefines a ”good” or a high-quality politician and which characteristics matter most …” „… forbeing a ”good” politician become major concerns. Earlier conceptions and especiallyagency-theoretic …”

References S. 121-134

„… .Galasso, Vincenzo and Tommaso Nannicini (2011a). Competing on Good Politicians.American Political Science …” „… Antonio Merlo (2008). Political Careers or Career Politicians?Journal of Public Economics 92(3-4): 597-608 …” „… ): 359-379.Alesina, Alberto and Guido Tabellini (2007). Bureaucrats or Politicians? Part I: ASingle Policy …”

Businessmen in politics S. 26-29

„… thebeneficial effect of political competition on the selection and allocation of politicians.The closer …” „… politicsIn this section, we turn our attention to one important quality dimension of politicians,namely their …” „… argued that differences in the averagequality of politicians between majoritarian and proportional …”

Implications for economic research S. 119-120

„… politicians.The emerging literature sheds new light on established insights in political economy. Inparticular …” „… politiciansincreases in the salary paid. Yet, before informing about the appropriate remunerationrule for politicians …” „… politicians; i.e., professional background. We select the prominentand single largest professional group in …”

Introduction S. 35-36

„… politicians.We pursue three goals with our contribution. First, we aim to document the phenomenon of the strong …” „… politicians matters for the political process and good government. Thisseems to be self-evident as political …” „… of politicians in terms of their professional backgrounds.This is important, firstly, for determining …”

Implications for constitutional choice S. 117-119

„… accessible rich micro-data on politicians.The emerging literature sheds new light on established insights in …” „… dimension of politicians; i.e., professional background. We select the prominentand single largest …” „… . The results indicate that institutions primarilyset up to hold politicians accountable influence …”

Introduction S. 77-79

„… attributable. Thus, it is relevant for constituents’ evaluations of a politician’sperformance. We take the use …” „… parliamentary oversight for the democratic process. Second, we discuss politicians’ incentives, trade-offs and …”

Political selection S. 18-20

„… considered as nonbinding. Politicians are elected without a clear and enforceable mandate and …” „… politicians based on their ideology and most importantly on theirpast behavior (in office). Disciplining the …” „… politicians while in office is achieved if thereare re-electoral incentives and voters who vote …”

Political sanctioning S. 17-18

„… politicians. In particular, we take a closer look at the pay for politicians and therole of parties under …” „… paid to the structuring of the principal-agent relationship between citizens and politicians and the …” „… electoral system are considered the major means to provide the proper incentives to politicians (see Besley …”

Relevance of parliamentary oversight S. 79-80

„… parliamentary oversight for the democratic process. Second, we discuss politicians’ incentives, trade-offs and …” „… Ferejohn and Krehbiel 1987). Politicians can spend time oncampaigning, legislating, services to district …” „… constituents, earning outside income andoversight. For politicians with the relevant political expertise …”

Incentives for parliamentary oversight S. 80-81

„… (e.g., Banks 1989,Calvert et al. 1989, and Ferejohn and Krehbiel 1987). Politicians can spend time …” „… politicians with the relevant political expertise, oversight is an activitythat helps them to distinguish …” „… themselves from other politicians in the competition forvotes. Oversight expertise is acquired during a …”

Introduction S. 13-16

„… politicians with different identity and qualitycharacteristics influence policy choice? And, what determines …” „… the selection of heterogeneous politicians in the first place? We select one important quality …” „… dimension; i.e.,the professional background of politicians. It fundamentally shapes the personal …”

Concluding remarks S. 53-54

„… . We arguethat the individual characteristics of politicians matter for public policy choices …” „… that good governance is (solely) the result of institutions whichallow that politicians are held …” „… honest politicians in order to remedymalfunctions such as corrupt behavior.Obviously, the two views are …”

Summary S. 115-117

„… relationship between citizens and politicians and the role of competition in disciplining political agents …” „… political selection; i.e., the composition of the pool of politicians with regard to quality? And, are there …” „… primarily set up with the intention to hold politicians accountable? We therefore provide in chapter II an …”

Empirical analysis S. 49-53

„… process. We arguethat the individual characteristics of politicians matter for public policy choices …” „… that good governance is (solely) the result of institutions whichallow that politicians are held …” „… honest politicians in order to remedymalfunctions such as corrupt behavior.Obviously, the two views are …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… economy: How does the selection of politicians with different identity and qualitycharacteristics …” „… influence policy choice? And, what determines the selection of heterogeneous politicians in the first place …” „… one important quality dimension; i.e., theprofessional background of politicians. In particular, I …”

Concluding remarks S. 74-76

„… at least 40% of theelected politicians had a public service background. Moreover, we find that …” „… substantive representation. Towhat extent do the elected politicians with a public service background …” „… theresult of holding politicians accountable.75 …”

Public servants as legislators S. 81-82

„… concentrates on electoral accountabilityin a politician’s district. However, politicians are also faced with …”

Additional determinants of parliamentary oversight S. 82-84

„… concentrates on electoral accountabilityin a politician’s district. However, politicians are also faced with …”

Political selection of public servants S. 102-103

„… politicians with regard to quality characteristics matter for political outcomes. We focus on one important …” „… politicians cannot implement their preferred policy immediately after election and rather have to implement it …”

Data S. 39-41

„… offer databases or systematic information about individual politicians’ professions prior to entering …” „… expressed relative to those politicians whose occupation is specified. Theunadjusted or raw fraction is 29.4 …”

Results S. 41-47

„… correlation for the incompatibility variable remains robust in panel II.If politicians have to disclose the …” „… , the stricter the rules in force are, the higher will be the opportunity costsof becoming a politician …”

Results S. 69-74

„… politicians had a public service background. Moreover, we find that institutionalrestrictions in terms of …” „… the elected politicians with a public service background represent and74 …”

The cost-benefit calculus of running for political office S. 58-63

„… compensation of politicians is an important policy variable in an economic model ofpolitical selection (e.g …” „… self-employed people (with the exception of professional politicians). Inaddition, at the local level head …”

Concluding remarks S. 114

„… decision-makingpower from politicians to high-ranking bureaucrats.114 …”

Concluding remarks S. 97-98

„… political selection or theresult of holding politicians accountable, and of when both mechanisms …”

Political patronage S. 101-102

„… the compositionof the pool of politicians with regard to quality characteristics matter for political …”

Selection effects of incompatibility rules S. 38-39

„… parliamentary onlineservices. They either offer databases or systematic information about individual politicians …”

Ineligibility and incompatibility of public service with a parliamentary mandate S. 57-58

„… sectors.6Pecuniary compensation for the political mandateThe compensation of politicians is an important …”

Data S. 103-105

„… intuition for this assumption about the time structure is that politicians cannot implement their preferred …”

A short recapitulation of (in)compatibility regimes S. 36-38

„… politicians with a public sectorbackground is 31% in our sample. With regard to incompatibility rules, we …”

The trade-off between conflicts of interest and competence S. 47-49

„… the opportunity costsof becoming a politician for candidates with a public sector background. If the …”

Estimation strategy and empirical results S. 105-114

„… bureaucratic and political decision-makingpower from politicians to high-ranking bureaucrats.114 …”

Appendix S. 135-166

„… political activitiesProfessional politicians or professions related to political activities 87 0.1415Other …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246437

Hans Peter Bull, Dieter Schimanke, Sylvia Veit - Bürokratie im Irrgarten der Politik

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Hans Peter Bull (Hrsg.), Dieter Schimanke (Hrsg.), Sylvia Veit (Hrsg.)

Bürokratie im Irrgarten der Politik

Reihe: Schriften der Deutschen Sektion des Internationalen Instituts für Verwaltungswissenschaften

Band 36 2012

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

B. Guy Peters The Contemporary Public Service: Politicians, Bureaucrats or Hybrids? S. 101-115

„… 101 II. Politiker und Bürokraten 1. The Contemporary Public Service: Politicians, Bureaucrats or …” „… politicians and bureaucrats is one of the most crucial for governing, and especially democratic forms for …” „… legitimacy and other resources into the policy process. For the politicians the legitimacy derived from their …”

Salvador Parrado Corporate Leadership at the Top? Creating Separated Senior Civil Service in Comparative Perspective S. 227-256

„… institution’.4 Vertically, the SCS mediates between the political arena (executive politicians and political …” „… increasingly cross-department policies, and politicians and political appointees are faced with the …” „… control of politicians on appointment is significantly reduced. The absence of rules gives full control …”

Jørgen Gønnegård Christensen Weber’s Modern Form – The Persistence of Merit Bureaucracy in Danish Central Government S. 125-151

„… elected politicians. This was one of the indications that bureaucracy preceded democracy in continental …” „… / Putnam/ Rockman: Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies, Cambridge, 1981. 13 See Aberbach …” „… service. This is nothing new. When in the 1970s a leading politician launched the idea to introduce …”

Thomas Gehring, Dieter Schimanke, Jan Ziekow Vorwort S. 5-8

„… Jann 85 II. Politiker und Bürokraten 101 1. The Contemporary Public Service: Politicians, Bureaucrats …”

Sylvia Veit Zwei getrennte Eliten? Karrieremuster von Exekutivpolitikern und Spitzenbeamten in den deutschen Bundesländern S. 175-193

„… : Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies, Cambridge/Massachusetts/London, 1981. 4 Siehe Derlien …” „… , Robert D./Rockman, Bert A.: Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies …”

Jörg Bogumil, Falk Ebinger, Linda Jochheim Spitzenbeamte und ihr Verhalten bei politisch relevanten Entscheidungen S. 151-175

„… . Aberbach/ Putnam/ Rockman: Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies, Cambridge, Mass./London …” „… A.: Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies, Cambridge, Mass./London, 1981. Behr, Werner …”

Schriftenverzeichnis Hans-Ulrich Derlien S. 355-366

„… and Mutual Role Expectations, 1998 Bureaucrats and Politicians in Bonn, 1970-1987, 1999 Regieren …”

Sabine Kuhlmann Public Service Systems: Öffentliche Dienste und Personalreformen im internationalen Vergleich S. 193-227

„… .: Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies, Cambridge/Mass., 1981. Aberbach, J. D./Derlien, H.-U …” „… political arena (executive politicians and political appointees) and the administrative field (civil …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845234168

Helga Dickow - Religion and Attitudes towards Life in South Africa

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Helga Dickow

Religion and Attitudes towards Life in South Africa

Reihe: Studien zu Ethnizität, Religion und Demokratie

Band 13 2012

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

South African politicians and their followers S. 166-169

„… politicians and their followers Is this also reflected in respondents' voting preferences? The questionnaire …” „… Mandela, is in third place with eight percent. He is still as popular as ever. The following politicians …” „… ANC in 1996, the United Democratic Movement (UDM), Pieter Mulder, the only surviving politician from …”

Controversial issues S. 62-63

„… pulpit. I do not use the pulpit as my platform, so I don’t invite any politicians to speak in my church …” „… be greater influence. We encourage people to vote but not for whom. Politicians should be asked for …” „… politicians but as prophets, in order to give spiritual directions to government. It should be a Godly …”

South Africa's political party landscape and the social profile of their voters S. 169-175

„… Movement (UDM), Pieter Mulder, the only surviving politician from the apartheid era, today leader of the …” „… substantially diverge from the first. The most unpopular politicians are Jacob Zuma, Thabo Mbeki and Mangosuthu …” „… for which politician?321 T h a b o M b e k i is disproportionately popular among blacks, the two …”

Churches in the new South Africa S. 60-62

„… any politicians to speak in my church. I can clearly separate politics from religion. Hope of Glory …” „… of Christ there would be greater influence. We encourage people to vote but not for whom. Politicians …”

Introduction S. 9-10

„… Political information and perceptions of political problems 159 South African politicians and their …”

Outlook on the future S. 198-199

„… politicians in an election. Do Grace Bible Church members accept other fundamental pillars of democracy such …”

Growth S. 29-30

„… with politicians. Does your church take part in the public debate of political issues? If yes, which …”

South African constitution S. 63-64

„… role as leaders not as politicians but as prophets, in order to give spiritual directions to government …”

Foundation and history S. 28-29

„… other issues with cabinet ministers. We shared the same platform. We can join hands with politicians …”

Social functions S. 56-57

„… , Stellenbosch A pastor who is also a politician is very critical about the emphasis on material riches and the …”

Conclusion S. 199-202

„… office in government is a different matter from support for aspiring politicians in an election. Do …”

Leadership/Abuse of power S. 66-69

„… politics or become politicians so that righteousness and justice prevails. Assemblies of God, Athlone, Cape …”

Potential for prosperity S. 53-56

„… contribution. Shofar, Stellenbosch A pastor who is also a politician is very critical about the emphasis on …”

Old and New Pentecostal Churches S. 17-20

„… a popular destination for South African politicians, as the Church's millions of members are viewed …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845237961

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