Gesundheit von LGBT-Personen in der Schweiz
Unter Mitarbeit von Stefanie C. Boulila | David Garcia Nuñez | Laurent Michaud | Irene Müller | Rafael Traber
Zusammenfassung
Die Schweizer Studie identifiziert Bereiche, in denen LGBTQ+-Personen im Vergleich zur übrigen Bevölkerung ungleiche Gesundheitschancen haben, u. a. psychische und sexuelle Gesundheit, Diskriminierungs- und Gewalterfahrungen, Barrieren in der Gesundheitsversorgung und Substanzkonsum. Mit Daten der Schweizerischen Gesundheitsbefragung (2012, 2017) und einer 2021 eigens durchgeführten groß angelegten nationalen Befragung von LGBTQ+ Personen werden Unterschiede im Gesundheitszustand und bezüglich gesundheitsförderlichem bzw. -schädlichem Verhalten herausgearbeitet. Die Studie beinhaltet zudem ein Review der aktuellen Literatur zum Thema und schließt mit Empfehlungen dazu, wie die Gesundheit von LGBTQ+ Personen gestärkt werden kann.
Abstract
This Swiss study identifies areas where LGBTQ+ people have unequal health opportunities compared to the general population, including mental and sexual health, discrimination and violence, barriers to healthcare and substance use. Using data from the Swiss Health Survey (2012, 2017) and a large-scale national survey of LGBTQ+ people conducted in 2021, the authors identify differences in health status as well as behaviour which promotes and is detrimental to health. The study also includes a review of the current research literature on this topic and concludes with recommendations on how to strengthen the health of LGBTQ+ people.
Schlagworte
Akzeptanz Diversität Pflege Queer System Transperson Gesundheitsverhalten körperlich psychisch LGBTQ+ Menschen transgender trans nicht-binär non-binär bisexuell lesbisch schwul Schweiz Belastung Krankheit- 33–36 1. Einleitung 33–36
- 86–242 4. Ergebnisse 86–242
- 251–270 Literaturverzeichnis 251–270
- 271–276 Anhang 271–276
- Ahuja, A., Webster, C., Gibson, N., Brewer, A., Toledo, S., & Russell, S. (2015). Bullying and Suicide: The Mental Health Crisis of LGBTQ Youth and How You Can Help. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2015.1007417
- Albuquerque, G. A., Garcia, C. d. L., Da Quirino, G. S., Henrique Alves, M. J., Belem, J. M., dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter, . . . Adami, F. (2016). Access to health services by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons: systematic literature review. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0072-9
- Backhaus, K., Erichson, B., Plinke, W., & Weiber, R. (2003). Multivariate Analysemethoden: Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung (10th ed.). Berlin: Springer.
- Baeriswyl, M. (2016). Queering Psychotherapie: Geschlechtervarianz, Geschlechtsidentität und die Ideologie der Zweigeschlechtlichkeit. Psychotherapie-Wissenschaft, 6(2), 109–121. Retrieved from http://www.psychotherapie-wissenschaft.info/index.php/psy-wis/issue/archive
- Bailey, J. M., Vasey, P. L., Diamond, L. M., Breedlove, S. M., Vilain, E., & Epprecht, M. (2016). Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science. Psychological science in the public interest, 17(2), 45-101.
- Balik, C. H. A., Bilgin, H., Uluman, O. T., Sukut, O., Yilmaz, S., & Buzlu, S. (2020). A Systematic Review of the Discrimination Against Sexual and Gender Minority in Health Care Settings. International Journal of Health Services, 50(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731419885093
- Balthasar, H., Jeannin, A., & Dubois-Arber, F. (2007). Surveillance des comportements face au VIH/sida chez les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes—Suisse, 1992-2004. International journal of public health, 52(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-006-5086-6
- Balthasar, H., Jeannin, A., & Dubois-Arber, F. (2009). First anal intercourse and condom use among men who have sex with men in Switzerland. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(6), 1000–1008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9382-5
- Baram, S., Myers, S. A., Yee, S., & Librach, C. L. (2019). Fertility preservation for transgender adolescents and young adults: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update, 25(6), 694–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz026
- Bartig, S., Kalkum, D., Le, H. M., & Lewicki, A. (2021). Diskriminierungsrisiken und Diskriminierungsschutz im Gesundheitswesen – Wissensstand und Forschungsbedarf für die Antidiskriminierungsforschung. Berlin. Retrieved from https://www.antidiskriminierungsstelle.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/publikationen/Expertisen/diskrimrisiken_diskrimschutz_gesundheitswesen.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2
- Bauquis, O. (2011). Operative Geschlechtsumwandlung bei Störungen der Geschlechtsidentität. Swiss Med Forum, 11(4), 58-64.
- Bauquis, O. (2014). Geschlechtsangleichende Chirurgie: von der Unkenntnis zum Vorurteil. Swiss Med Forum, 14(49), 919-923.
- Becasen, J. S., Denard, C. L., Mullins, M. M., Higa, D. H., & Sipe, T. A. (2019). Estimating the Prevalence of HIV and Sexual Behaviors Among the US Transgender Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2006-2017. American Journal of Public Health, 109(1), E1-E8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304727
- Berger, I., & Mooney-Somers, J. (2017). Smoking Cessation Programs for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex People: A Content-Based Systematic Review. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 19(12), 1408–1417. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw216
- Berrut, S. (2016). Les lesbiennes en consultation gynécologique. Genève.
- Berrut, S., Descuves, A., Romanens-Pythoud, S., & Jeannot, E. (2020). La Santé sexuelle et reproductive des femmes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des femmes en Suisse romande. Online-Poster (Swiss Public Health Conference 2020). Retrieved from https://www.unilu.ch/en/faculties/department-of-health-sciences-and-medicine/events/swiss-public-health-conference-2020/#section=c95677
- Besse, M., Lampe, N. M., & Mann, E. S. (2020). Experiences with Achieving Pregnancy and Giving Birth Among Transgender Men: A Narrative Literature Review. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 93(4), 517–528.
- Béziane, C., Anex, E., Le Pogam, M.‑A., & Künzle, M. (2020). Enquête sur la santé des femmes* qui ont des relations sexuelles avec des femmes (FSF) 2019. Rapport préliminaire accompagnant les résultats. Retrieved from https://www.profa.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Rapport-preliminiaire-enquete-info-fouffe.pdf
- Bize, R., Volkmar, E., Berrut, S., Medico, D., Balthasar, H., Bodenmann, P., & Makadon, H. J. (2011). Vers un accès à des soins de qualité pour les personnes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuelles et transgenres. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21987880
- Blawert, B., & Dennert, G. (2020). InTraHealth – Fragebogen. Dortmund.
- Blondeel, K., Say, L., Chou, D., Toskin, I., Khosla, R., Scolaro, E., & Temmerman, M. (2016). Evidence and knowledge gaps on the disease burden in sexual and gender minorities: A review of systematic reviews. International Journal for Equity in Health, 15, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0304-1
- Bouris, A., Everett, B. G., Heath, R. D., Elsaesser, C. E., & Neilands, T. B. (2016). Effects of Victimization and Violence on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adolescents. LGBT Health, 3(2), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2015.0037
- Braun, D. L., Hampel, B., Kouyos, R., Nguyen, H., Shah, C., Flepp, M., . . . Fehr, J. S. (2019). High Cure Rates With Grazoprevir-Elbasvir With or Without Ribavirin Guided by Genotypic Resistance Testing Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus-coinfected Men Who Have Sex With Men. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 68(4), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy547
- Braun, D. L., Hampel, B., Martin, E., Kouyos, R., Kusejko, K., Grube, C., . . . Fehr, J. S. (2019). High Number of Potential Transmitters Revealed in a Population-based Systematic Hepatitis C Virus RNA Screening Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Men Who Have Sex With Men. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 68(4), 561–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy545
- Bryan, A., & Mayock, P. (2017). Supporting LGBT Lives? Complicating the suicide consensus in LGBT mental health research. Sexualities, 20(1-2), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460716648099
- Bundesamt für Gesundheit [BAG] (2021a). BAG-Bulletin (No. 30). Bern.
- Bundesamt für Gesundheit [BAG] (2021b). BAG-Bulletin (No. 48). Bern.
- Bundesamt für Statistik [BfS] (2020). Schweizerische Gesundheitsbefragung. Dokumentation der Indizes von 1992 bis 2017. Neuenburg.
- Caceres, B. A., Brody, A., Luscombe, R. E., Primiano, J. E., Marusca, P., Sitts, E. M., & Chyun, D. (2017). A Systematic Review of Cardiovascular Disease in Sexual Minorities. American Journal of Public Health, 107(4), E13-E21. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630
- Caceres, B. A., Travers, J., Primiano, J. E., Luscombe, R. E., & Dorsen, C. (2020). Provider and LGBT Individuals’ Perspectives on LGBT Issues in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review. Gerontologist, 60(3), E169-E183. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz012
- Cardom, R., Rostosky, S., & Danner, F. (2013). Does «it get better» for depressed sexual minority youth in young adulthood? The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 53(5), 671–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.023
- Carrico, A. W., Zepf, R., Meanley, S., Batchelder, A., & Stall, R. (2016). When the Party is Over: A Systematic Review of Behavioral Interventions for Substance-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men. Jaids-Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 73(3), 299–306.
- Chapin-Bardales, J., Schmidt, A. J., Guy, R. J., Kaldor, J. M., McGregor, S., Sasse, A., . . . Sullivan, P. S. (2018). Trends in human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses among men who have sex with men in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, 2000-2014. Annals of Epidemiology, 28(12), 874–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.09.006
- Chen, H., Cohen, P., & Chen, S. (2010) How Big is a Big Odds Ratio? Interpreting the Magnitudes of Odds Ratios. Epidemiological Studies, Communications in Statistics – Simulation and Computation, 39(4), 860-864, doi: 10.1080/03610911003650383
- Cicero, E. C., Reisner, S. L., Silva, S. G., Merwin, E. I., & Humphreys, J. C. (2019). Health Care Experiences of Transgender Adults An Integrated Mixed Research Literature Review. Advances in Nursing Science, 42(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000256
- Clerc, O., Darling, K., Calmy, A., Dubois-Arber, F., & Cavassini, M. (2016). Hepatitis C Virus Awareness Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Southwest Switzerland. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 43(1), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000378
- Connolly, D., Davies, E., Lynskey, M., Barratt, M. J., Maier, L., Ferris, J., . . . Gilchrist, G. (2020). Comparing intentions to reduce substance use and willingness to seek help among transgender and cisgender participants from the Global Drug Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 112, 86–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2020.03.001
- Connolly, D., & Gilchrist, G. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of substance use among transgender adults: A systematic review. Addictive Behaviors, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106544
- Dalgard, O. S., Bjørk, S., & Tambs, K. (1995). Social support, negative life events and mental health. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 166(1), 29–34.
- Dangerfield, Derek T., II, Smith, L. R., Williams, J., Unger, J., & Bluthenthal, R. (2017). Sexual Positioning Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Narrative Review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(4), 869–884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0738-y
- De Quervain, D., Aerni, A., Amini, E., Bentz, D., Coynel, D., Gerhards, C., … Zuber, P. (2020). The Swiss Corona Stress Study. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/jqw6a
- Delgado-Ruiz, R., Swanson, P., & Romanos, G. (2019). Systematic Review of the Long-Term Effects of Transgender Hormone Therapy on Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density and Their Potential Effects in Implant Therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060784
- Dickson-Spillmann, M., Sullivan, R., Zahno, B., & Schaub, M. P. (2014). Queer quit: A pilot study of a smoking cessation programme tailored to gay men. BMC Public Health, 14, 126. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-126
- Dinesh, S., Franz, M., & Kuethe, F. (2020). Coronary Embolism and Myocardial Infarction in a Transgender Male Undergoing Hormone Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Cardiology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4829169
- Döring, N., & Bortz, J. (2016). Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation in den Sozial- und Humanwissenschaften (5th ed.). Heidelberg/Berlin: Springer.
- Dubois-Arber, F., Jeannin, A., Lociciro, S., & Balthasar, H. (2012). Risk reduction practices in men who have sex with men in Switzerland: Serosorting, strategic positioning, and withdrawal before ejaculation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(5), 1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9868-4
- Eisenberg, M. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Suicidality among gay, lesbian and bisexual youth: The role of protective factors. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 39(5), 662–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.024
- Eliason, M. J., Ingraham, N., Fogel, S. C., McElroy, J. A., Lorvick, J., Mauery, D. R., & Haynes, S. (2015). A Systematic Review of the Literature on Weight in Sexual Minority Women. Womens Health Issues, 25(2), 162–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2014.12.001
- Epprecht, L., Messerli, M., Samuel, R., Seule, M., Weber, J., Fournier, J.‑Y., & Surbeck, W. (2018). Sexual dysfunction after good-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurgery, 111, 449–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.091
- Eres, R., Postolovski, N., Thielking, M., & Lim, M. H. (2021). Loneliness, mental health, and social health indicators in LGBTQIA+ Australians. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(3), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000531
- European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights [FRA] (2014). Being Trans in the European Union. Wien. Retrieved from https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2014-being-trans-eu-comparative-0_en.pdf
- European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights [FRA] (2020). A long way to go for LGBTI equality. Wien. Retrieved from https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2020-lgbti-equality-1_en.pdf
- Fan, E. M., Gordner, C., & Luty, J. (2020). Venous Thromboembolism in a Transgender Adolescent on Testosterone Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review. Journal of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, 42(5), E352-E354. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0000000000001755
- Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Simoni, J. M., Kim, H.‑J., Lehavot, K., Walters, K. L., Yang, J., . . . Muraco, A. (2014). The health equity promotion model: Reconceptualization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health disparities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(6), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000030
- Frohn, D., Meinhold, F., & Schmidt, C. (2017). „Out im Office?!“ Sexuelle Identität und Geschlechtsidentität, (Anti-)Diskriminierung und Diversity am Arbeitsplatz. Köln. Retrieved from https://www.vlsp.de/sites/default/files/pdf/ida_out_im_office_2018_04_04_web.pdf
- Garcia Núñez, D. (2014). Von der Transsexualität zur Gender-Dysphorie: Beratungs- und Behandlungsempfehlungen bei TransPersonen. Swiss Med Forum, 14(19), 382-387.
- Garcia Nuñez, D., & Schneeberger, A. R. (2018). Trauma unter dem Regenbogen: Stigmatisierung von Gender- und sexuellen Minderheiten. In M. Büttner (Ed.), Sexualität und Trauma (S. 167-195). Schattauer.
- Garcia Núñez, D., Sandon, P., Burgermeister, N., Schönbucher, V., & Jenewein, J. (2015). Protektive und dysfunktionale Internalisierungsprozesse an der Geschlechtergrenze. In Wiebke Driemeyer, Benjamin Gedrose, Armin Hoyer, Lisa Rustige (Ed.), Grenzverschiebungen des Sexuellen: Perspektiven einer jungen Sexualwissenschaft. Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag.
- Giannetti, S. (2004). Transsexualität und Identität. Wenn der Körper das Ich behindert. Edition Soziothek.
- Gilbert, P. A., Pass, L. E., Keuroghlian, A. S., Greenfield, T. K., & Reisner, S. L. (2018). Alcohol research with transgender populations: A systematic review and recommendations to strengthen future studies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.016
- Gilbey, D., Mahfouda, S., Ohan, J., Lin, A., & Perry, Y. (2020). Trajectories of Mental Health Difficulties in Young People Who are Attracted to the Same Gender: A Systematic Review. Adolescent Research Review, 5(3), 281–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00128-8
- Gmel G., Kuendig H., Notari L., & Gmel C. (2017). Suchtmonitoring Schweiz - Konsum von Alkohol, Tabak und illegalen Drogen in der Schweiz im Jahr 2016. Bern. Retrieved from https://www.suchtmonitoring.ch/docs/library/gmel_5lbj5rqv9y5i.pdf
- Gredig, D., Uggowitzer, F., Hassler, B., Weber, P., & Nideröst, S. (2016). Acceptability and willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Switzerland. AIDS Care, 28 Suppl 1, 44–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1146212
- Grosse, A., Grosse, C., Lenggenhager, D., Bode, B., Camenisch, U., & Bode, P. (2017). Cytology of the neovagina in transgender women and individuals with congenital or acquired absence of a natural vagina. Cytopathology: Official Journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology, 28(3), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.12417
- Gumy, C., Jeannin, A., Balthasar, H., Huissoud, T., Jobin, V., Häusermann, M., . . . Dubois-Arber, F. (2012). Five-year monitoring of a gay-friendly voluntary counselling and testing facility in Switzerland: Who got tested and why? BMC Public Health, 12, 422. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-422
- Haas, A. P., Eliason, M., Mays, V. M., Mathy, R. M., Cochran, S. D., D’Augelli, A. R., . . . Clayton, P. J. (2011). Suicide and Suicide Risk in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations: Review and Recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 10–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.534038
- Hafeez, H., Zeshan, M., Tahir, M. A., Jahan, N., & Naveed, S. (2017). Health Care Disparities Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth: A Literature Review. Cureus, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.1184
- Hässler, T., & Eisner, L. (2020). Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel – 2020 Summary Report. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kdrh4
- Hässler, T., & Eisner, L. (2019). Schweizer LGBTIQ+ Umfrage 2019: Abschlussbericht. Retrieved from https://osf.io/76waf/
- Hegna, K., & Wichstrøm, L. (2007). Suicide Attempts among Norwegian Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Youths: General and Specific Risk Factors. Acta Sociologica, 50(1), 21–37.
- Heinecke-Müller, M. (2019a). Kontrollüberzeugungen, internale vs. externale Kontrolle im Dorsch Lexikon der Psychologie. Retrieved from https://dorsch.hogrefe.com/stichwort/kontrollueberzeugungen-internale-vs-externale-kontrolle
- Heinecke-Müller, M. (2019b). Wirksamkeitsüberzeugungen, Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen im Dorsch Lexikon der Psychologie. Retrieved from https://dorsch.hogrefe.com/stichwort/wirksamkeitsueberzeugungen-selbstwirksamkeitsueberzeugungen
- Heng, A., Heal, C., Banks, J., & Preston, R. (2018). Transgender peoples’ experiences and perspectives about general healthcare: A systematic review. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(4), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1502711
- Hepp, U., Kraemer, B., Schnyder, U., Miller, N., & Delsignore, A. (2005). Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58(3), 259–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.08.010
- Hepp, U., & Milos, G. (2002). Gender identity disorder and eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10090
- Herrick, S. S. C., & Duncan, L. R. (2018). A Systematic Scoping Review of Engagement in Physical Activity Among LGBTQ plus Adults. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 15(3), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0292
- Hess, K. L., Crepaz, N., Rose, C., Purcell, D., & Paz-Bailey, G. (2017). Trends in Sexual Behavior Among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in High-Income Countries, 1990-2013: A Systematic Review. AIDS and Behavior, 21(10), 2811–2834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1799-1
- Huang, X., Hou, J., Song, A., Liu, X., Yang, X., Xu, J., . . . Wu, H. (2018). Efficacy and Safety of Oral TDF-Based Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00799
- Hunt, R., Bates, C., Walker, S., Grierson, J., Redsell, S., & Meads, C. (2019). A Systematic Review of UK Educational and Training Materials Aimed at Health and Social Care Staff about Providing Appropriate Services for LGBT plus People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244976
- Inderbinen, M., Schaefer, K., Schneeberger, A., Gaab, J., & Garcia Nuñez, D. (2021). Relationship of Internalized Transnegativity and Protective Factors With Depression, Anxiety, Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Tendency in Trans Populations: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 636513. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636513
- Jäggi, T., Jellestad, L., Corbisiero, S., Schaefer, D. J., Jenewein, J., Schneeberger, A. R., . . . Garcia Nuñez, D. (2018). Gender Minority Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Transitioned Swiss Transpersons. BioMed Research International, 2018, 8639263. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8639263
- James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Ma’ayan, A. (2016). The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. Washington, DC.
- Jones, B. A., Haycraft, E., Bouman, W. P., & Arcelus, J. (2018). The Levels and Predictors of Physical Activity Engagement Within the Treatment-Seeking Transgender Population: A Matched Control Study. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 15(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0298
- Jurcek, A., Downes, C., Keogh, B., Urek, M., Sheaf, G., Hafford-Letchfield, T., . . . Higgins, A. (2020). Educating health and social care practitioners on the experiences and needs of older LGBT plus adults: Findings from a systematic review. Journal of Nursing Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13145
- Kcomt, L. (2019). Profound health-care discrimination experienced by transgender people: rapid systematic review. Social Work in Health Care, 58(2), 201–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2018.1532941
- Kouyos, R. D., Rauch, A., Braun, D. L., Yang, W.‑L., Böni, J., Yerly, S., . . . Günthard, H. F. (2014). Higher risk of incident hepatitis C virus coinfection among men who have sex with men, in whom the HIV genetic bottleneck at transmission was wide. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 210(10), 1555–1561. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu315
- Kraemer, B., Hobi, S., Rufer, M., Hepp, U., Büchi, S., & Schnyder, U. (2010). Partnerschaft und Sexualität von Frau-zu-Mann transsexuellen Männern. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 60(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1103264
- Krüger, P., Pfister, A., Eder, M., & Mikolasek, M. (2022). Gesundheit von LGBT Personen in der Schweiz: Schlussbericht. Luzern. Retrieved from https://www.bag.admin.ch/dam/bag/de/dokumente/nat-gesundheitsstrategien/nat-programm-migration-und-gesundheit/forschung-migration-und-gesundheit/laufende-forschungsprojekte-migration-und-gesundheit/hslu-bericht-zur-gesundheit-von-lgbt-personen.pdf.download.pdf/HSLU%20Bericht%20zur%20Gesundheit%20von%20LGBT%20Personen.pdf
- Kuhn, A., Hiltebrand, R., & Birkhäuser, M. (2007). Do transsexuals have micturition disorders? European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 131(2), 226–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.03.019
- Kuhn, A., Santi, A., & Birkhäuser, M. (2011). Vaginal prolapse, pelvic floor function, and related symptoms 16 years after sex reassignment surgery in transsexuals. Fertility and Sterility, 95(7), 2379–2382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.029
- Künzler-Heule, P., Engberg, S., Battegay, M., Schmidt, A. J., Fierz, K., Nguyen, H., . . . Nicca, D. (2019). Screening HIV-positive men who have sex with men for hepatitis C re-infection risk: Is a single question on condom-use enough? A sensitivity analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19(1), 821. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4456-7
- Landgraf, R., Aberle, J., Birkenfeld, A. L., Gallwitz, B., Kellerer. M., Klein, H., Müller-Wieland, D., Nauck, M. A., Reuter, H.-M. & Siegel, E. (2020). Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes. Diabetologe, 16, 266-287
- Lerner, J. E., & Robles, G. (2017). Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Health Care Utilization in the United States for Transgender People: A Review of Recent Literature. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 28(1), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2017.0014
- Liu, R. T., & Mustanski, B. (2012). Suicidal ideation and self-harm in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.023
- Lociciro, S., & Bize, R. (2015). Les comportements face au VIH/Sida des hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec des hommes: Enquête Gaysurvey 2014. Retrieved from https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_1304865F4ACC.P001/REF
- Lociciro, S., Jeannin, A., & Dubois-Arber, F. (2010). Les comportements face au VIH/SIDA des hommes qui ont des relations sexuelles avec des hommes: Résultats de Gaysurvey 2009. Raisons de santé, 163. Retrieved from https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_4D69BEED81C4.P001/REF
- Lociciro, S., Jeannin, A., & Dubois-Arber, F. (2012). Les hommes qui ont des relations sexuelles avec des hommes: Résultats de l’enquête EMIS 2010. Raisons de Santé, 194. Retrieved from http://www.emis-project.eu/sites/default/files/public/publications/emis_nationalreport_switzerland.pdf
- Löwe, B., Spitzer, R. L., Zipfel, S., & Herzog, W. (2002). PHQ-D. Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten: Manual Komplettversion und Kurzform. Retrieved from https://www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de/fileadmin/Psychosomatische_Klinik/download/PHQ_Manual1.pdf
- MacCarthy, S., Poteat, T., Xia, Z., Roque, N. L., Kim, A., Baral, S., & Reisner, S. L. (2017). Current research gaps: a global systematic review of HIV and sexually transmissible infections among transgender populations. Sexual Health, 14(5), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17096
- Marshal, M. P., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R., King, K. M., Miles, J., Gold, M. A., . . . Morse, J. Q. (2008). Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: A meta-analysis and methodological review. Addiction, 103(4), 546–556. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02149.x
- Marshall, A. (2016). Suicide Prevention Interventions for Sexual & Gender Minority Youth: An Unmet Need. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 89(2), 205–213.
- Matacotta, J. J., Rosales-Perez, F. J., & Carrillo, C. M. (2020). HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment as Prevention – Beliefs and Access Barriers in Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) and Transgender Women: A Systematic Review. Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, 7(3), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.17294/2330-0698.1737
- Maxwell, S., Gafos, M., & Shahmanesh, M. (2019). Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use and Medication Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Janac-Journal of the Association of Nurses in Aids Care, 30(4), E38-E61. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNC.0000000000000105
- Maxwell, S., Shahmanesh, M., & Gafos, M. (2019). Chemsex behaviours among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Drug Policy, 63, 74–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.014
- McCann, E., & Brown, M. (2018). The inclusion of LGBT plus health issues within undergraduate healthcare education and professional training programmes: A systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 64, 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.02.028
- McDermott, E., Hughes, E., & Rawlings, V. (2017). The social determinants of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth suicidality in England: A mixed methods study. Journal of Public Health, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx135
- McFarlane, T., Zajac, J. D., & Cheung, A. S. (2018). Gender-affirming hormone therapy and the risk of sex hormone-dependent tumours in transgender individuals – A systematic review. Clinical Endocrinology, 89(6), 700–711. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13835
- McNamara, G., & Wilson, C. (2020). Lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals experience of mental health services – a systematic review. Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice, 15(2), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMHTEP-09-2019-0047
- Meads, C., Hunt, R., Martin, A., & Varney, J. (2019). A Systematic Review of Sexual Minority Women’s Experiences of Health Care in the UK. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173032
- Meads, C., Martin, A., Grierson, J., & Varney, J. (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and respiratory condition epidemiology in sexual minority women. BMJ Open, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020776
- Medico, D., Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Galantino, G. J., & Zufferey, A. (2020). « J’aimerais mourir. » Comprendre le désespoir chez les jeunes trans par le concept d’oppression développementale. Frontières, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.7202/1070338ar
- Medico, D., Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Zufferey, A., Galantino, G., Bosom, M., & Suerich-Gulick, F. (2020). Pathways to gender affirmation in trans youth: A qualitative and participative study with youth and their parents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25(4), 1002–1014. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104520938427
- Medico, D., & Zufferey, A. (2018). Un futur pour les enfants et les jeunes transgenres: Que savons-nous sur les besoins et les solutions ? Revue médicale suisse, 14(621), 1765–1769.
- Mereish, E. H., O’Cleirigh, C., & Bradford, J. B. (2014). Interrelationships between LGBT-based victimization, suicide, and substance use problems in a diverse sample of sexual and gender minorities. Psychology Health & Medicine, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2013.780129
- Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
- Mijuskovic, B., Schaefer, D. J., & Garcia Nuñez, D. (2020). Optimierung chirurgischer Behandlungen für trans Personen. Schweizerische Ärztezeitung. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.4414/saez.2020.18420
- Misoch, S. (2017). «Lesbian, gay & grey». Besondere Bedürfnisse von homosexuellen Frauen und Männern im dritten und vierten Lebensalter. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 50(3), 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-016-1030-4
- Mongelli, F., Perrone, D., Balducci, J., Sacchetti, A., Ferrari, S., Mattei, G., & Galeazzi, G. M. (2019). Minority stress and mental health among LGBT populations: an update on the evidence. Minerva Psichiatrica, 60(1). https://doi.org/10.23736/S0391-1772.18.01995-7
- Moreau-Gruet, F., Jeannin, A., Dubois-Arber, F., & Spencer, B. (2001). Management of the risk of HIV infection in male homosexual couples. AIDS, 15(8), 1025–1035. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200105250-00011
- Morris, M., Cooper, R. L., Ramesh, A., Tabatabai, M., Arcury, T. A., Shinn, M., . . . Matthews-Juarez, P. (2019). Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review. BMC Medical Education, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1727-3
- Muchicko, M. M., Lepp, A., & Barkley, J. E. (2014). Peer victimization, social support and leisure-time physical activity in transgender and cisgender individuals. Leisure/Loisir, 38(3-4), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2015.1048088
- Mustanski, B., & Liu, R. T. (2013). A longitudinal study of predictors of suicide attempts among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(3), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-0013-9
- Narring, F., Stronski Huwiler, S. M., & Michaud, P. A. (2003). Prevalence and dimensions of sexual orientation in Swiss adolescents: A cross-sectional survey of 16 to 20-year-old students. Acta Paediatrica, 92(2), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00532.x
- Nöstlinger, C., Nideröst, S., Platteau, T., Müller, M. C., Staneková, D., Gredig, D., . . . Colebunders, R. (2011). Sexual protection behavior in HIV-positive gay men: Testing a modified information-motivation-behavioral skills model. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(4), 817–827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9682-4
- Nussbaum, M.‑L. (2019). Geschlechtsinkongruenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Theoretische Erkenntnisse und Praxishilfen für Diagnostik und Therapie. P & E, 45(1), 46–53. Retrieved from http://www.skjp.ch/de/zeitschrift-pe/
- O’Brien, K. H. M., Putney, J. M., Hebert, N. W., Falk, A. M., & Aguinaldo, L. D. (2016). Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Suicide: Understanding Subgroup Differences to Inform Interventions. LGBT Health, 3(4), 248–251. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0031
- Ott, A., & Garcia Nuñez, D. (2018). Der Substanzkonsum von trans* Personen aus der Minoritätenstressperspektive. Suchttherapie, 19(04), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0715-0896
- Ott, A., Regli, D., & Znoj, H. (2017). Minoritätenstress und soziale Unterstützung: Eine Online-Untersuchung zum Wohlbefinden von Trans*Personen in der Schweiz. Zeitschrift Für Sexualforschung, 30(2), 138–160. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-109081
- Pahud, O. (2020). Erfahrungen der Wohnbevölkerung ab 18 Jahren mit dem Gesundheitssystem – Situation in der Schweiz und im internationalen Vergleich (OBSAN Bericht No. 12/2020). Neuchâtel. Retrieved from https://www.obsan.admin.ch/sites/default/files/obsan_12_2020_bericht_korr.pdf
- Pamfile, D., Soldati, L., Brovelli, S., Pécoud, P., Ducommun, I., Micali, N., . . . Typaldou, S. (2020). Rôle du psychiatre-psychothérapeute dans la prise en charge de la dysphorie de genre. Revue médicale suisse, 16(709), 1877–1880. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33026731
- Parpan-Blaser, A., Pfister, A., Nideröst, S., & Gredig, D. (2009). Freier im mann-männlichen Sexgewerbe. Beweggründe für den Kauf von Sex. Neue Praxis, 39(6), 565–578. Retrieved from http://www.fhnw.ch/sozialearbeit
- Patterson, J. G., Jabson, J. M., & Bowen, D. J. (2017). Measuring Sexual and Gender Minority Populations in Health Surveillance. LGBT Health, 4(2), 82–105. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0026
- Pauli, D. (2017). Geschlechtsinkongruenz und Genderdysphorie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. PSYCH Up2date, 11(6), 529–543. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-115159
- Pauli, D. (2019). Nicht-binäre Geschlechtsorientierung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Eine Herausforderung für die Betroffenen, das Umfeld und die Behandelnden. Kinderanalyse, 27(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.21706/ka-27-1-53
- Peng, P., Su, S., Fairley, C. K., Chu, M., Jiang, S., Zhuang, X., & Zhang, L. (2018). A Global Estimate of the Acceptability of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Among Men Who have Sex with Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior, 22(4), 1063–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1675-z
- Perez-Brumer, A., Day, J. K., Russell, S. T., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2017). Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Youth in California: Findings From a Representative, Population-Based Sample of High School Students. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(9), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.06.010
- Peter, T., Taylor, C., & Campbell, C. (2016). «You can’t break … when you’re already broken»: The importance of school climate to suicidality among LGBTQ youth. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 20(3), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2016.1171188
- Pfister, A. (2009). Sexarbeiter und HIV, Aids: Karrierewege und HIV-Schutzverhalten im mann-männlichen Sexgewerbe. Marburg: Tectum-Verlag.
- Pfister, A., & Mikolasek, M. (2019). Suizidversuche von LGBT-Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Einschätzung der Machbarkeit einer qualitativen Untersuchung in der Schweiz. Luzern. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3527711
- Pfister, A., Parpan-Blaser, A., Nideröst, S., & Gredig, D. (2008). Mann-männliche Prostitution und HIV / Aids. Zeitschrift Für Sexualforschung, 21(2), 105–123. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1076815
- Plöderl, M. (2016). Out in der Schule? Bullying und Suizidrisiko bei LGBTI Jugendlichen. Suizidprophylaxe, 2016(43), 7–13.
- Plöderl, M., Yazdi, K., Kralovec, K., & Fartacek, R. (2007). Geschlechtsrollennonkonformität in der Kindheit als Suizidrisikofaktor am Beispiel von homo- und bisexuellen Personen. Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 3(3), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11326-007-0060-3
- Pompili, M., Lester, D., Forte, A., Seretti, M. E., Erbuto, D., Lamis, D. A., . . . Girardi, P. (2014). Bisexuality and suicide: A systematic review of the current literature. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11(8), 1903–1913. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12581
- Rauch, A., Rickenbach, M., Weber, R., Hirschel, B., Tarr, P. E., Bucher, H. C., . . . Furrer, H. (2005). Unsafe sex and increased incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 41(3), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1086/431486
- Rauchfleisch, U. (2007). Diskriminierung Transexueller. In Steger, F. (Hg.), Was ist krank? Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung in Medizin und Psychotherapie (S. 189-196). Giessen.
- Rauchfleisch, U. (2016a). Beziehungsgestaltung in der Begleitung und Therapie von Lesben, Schwulen, Bisexuellen und Transidenten. Eine Analyse mit Hilfe der Konzepte von Übertragung und Gegenübertragung. Psychotherapie-Wissenschaft, 6(2), 130–139. Retrieved from http://www.psychotherapie-wissenschaft.info/index.php/psy-wis/issue/archive
- Rauchfleisch, U. (2016b). Leben an Grenzen. Eine Herausforderung für uns alle. Existenzanalyse, 33(2), 35–39. Retrieved from https://www.existenzanalyse.net/
- Rauchfleisch, U. (2017). «Trans*Menschen», Psychoanalyse und Psychotherapie. Transsexualität, Transidentität, Gender-Dysphorie – und wie weiter? Forum der Psychoanalyse, 33(4), 431–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00451-017-0289-4
- Robinson, K., Galloway, K. Y., Bewley, S., & Meads, C. (2017). Lesbian and bisexual women’s gynaecological conditions: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 124(3), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14414
- Rodger, A. J., Cambiano, V., Bruun, T., Vernazza, P., Collins, S., Degen, O., . . . Janeiro, N. (2019). Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. The Lancet, 393(10189), 2428–2438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30418-0
- Rosendale, N., & Albert, M. A. (2020). The Intersection of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Race/Ethnicity on Cardiovascular Health: a Review of the Literature and Needed Research. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-020-00651-7
- Roth, J. A., Franzeck, F. C., Balakrishna, S., Lautenschlager, S., Thurnheer, M. C., Trellu, L. T., . . . Battegay, M. (2020). Repeated Syphilis Episodes in HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study on Risk Factors and the Potential Role of Syphilis Immunity. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 7(1), ofaa019. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa019
- Ruetsche, A. G., Kneubuehl, R., Birkhaeuser, M. H., & Lippuner, K. (2005). Cortical and trabecular bone mineral density in transsexuals after long-term cross-sex hormonal treatment: A cross-sectional study. Osteoporosis International, 16(7), 791–798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-004-1754-7
- Salazar-Vizcaya, L., Kouyos, R. D., Zahnd, C., Wandeler, G., Battegay, M., Darling, K. E. A., . . . Rauch, A. (2016). Hepatitis C virus transmission among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men who have sex with men: Modeling the effect of behavioral and treatment interventions. Hepatology, 64(6), 1856–1869. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.28769
- Salazar-Vizcaya, L., Kusejko, K., Schmidt, A. J., Carrillo-Montoya, G., Nicca, D., Wandeler, G., . . . Rauch, A. (2020). Clusters of Sexual Behavior in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Men Who Have Sex With Men Reveal Highly Dissimilar Time Trends. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 70(3), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz208
- Salway, T., Ross, L. E., Fehr, C. P., Burley, J., Asadi, S., Hawkins, B., & Tarasoff, L. A. (2019). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Disparities in the Prevalence of Suicide Ideation and Attempt Among Bisexual Populations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(1), 89–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1150-6
- Savin-Williams, R. C., & Ream, G. L. (2003). Suicide attempts among sexual-minority male youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(4), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3204_3
- Schmidt, A. J., & Altpeter, E. (2019). The Denominator problem: Estimating the size of local populations of men-who-have-sex-with-men and rates of HIV and other STIs in Switzerland. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 95(4), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053363
- Schmidt, A. J., Bourne, A., Weatherburn, P., Reid, D., Marcus, U., & Hickson, F. (2016). Illicit drug use among gay and bisexual men in 44 cities: Findings from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS). The International Journal on Drug Policy, 38, 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.09.007
- Schmidt, A. J., Falcato, L., Zahno, B., Burri, A., Regenass, S., Müllhaupt, B., & Bruggmann, P. (2014). Prevalence of hepatitis C in a Swiss sample of men who have sex with men: Whom to screen for HCV infection? BMC Public Health, 14, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-3
- Schmidt, F., Schondelmayer, A.‑C., & Schröder, U. B. (Eds.) (2015). Selbstbestimmung und Anerkennung sexueller und geschlechtlicher Vielfalt: Lebenswirklichkeiten, Forschungsergebnisse und Bildungsbausteine. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
- Schmuckli, L., & Gross, P. (2016). Der Herr ist nicht Frau in seinem eigenen Hause: Psychoanalytische Fragmente zur Thematik der trans*Identität. Psychotherapie-Wissenschaft, 6(2), 122–129. Retrieved from http://www.psychotherapie-wissenschaft.info/index.php/psy-wis/issue/archive
- Schneeberger, A. R., Rauchfleisch, U., & Battegay, R. (2002). Psychosomatische Folgen und Begleitphänomene der Diskriminierung am Arbeitsplatz bei homosexuellen Menschen. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 153(3), 137–143. Retrieved from https://sanp.ch/
- Schuler, D., Tuch, A., & Peter, C. (2020). Psychische Gesundheit in der Schweiz. Monitoring 2020 (OBSAN Bericht No. 15/2020). Neuchâtel. Retrieved from https://www.obsan.admin.ch/de/publikationen/2020-psychische-gesundheit-der-schweiz
- Schwappach, D. L. B. (2008). Smoking behavior, intention to quit, and preferences toward cessation programs among gay men in Zurich, Switzerland. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10(12), 1783–1787. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200802443502
- Schwappach, D. L. B. (2009). Queer quit: Gay smokers’ perspectives on a culturally specific smoking cessation service. Health Expectations, 12(4), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00550.x
- Sekoni, A. O., Gale, N. K., Manga-Atangana, B., Bhadhuri, A., & Jolly, K. (2017). The effects of educational curricula and training on LGBT-specific health issues for healthcare students and professionals: a mixed-method systematic review. Journal of the International Aids Society, 20. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.1.21624
- Sheinfil, A. Z., Foley, J. D., Ramos, J., Antshel, K. M., & Woolf-King, S. E. (2019). Psychotherapeutic depression interventions adapted for sexual and gender minority youth: A systematic review of an emerging literature. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 23(4), 380–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2019.1622616
- Silva, J. F., & Cavalcanti Costa, G. M. (2020). Health care of sexual and gender minorities: an integrative literature review. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 73. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0192
- Simoni, J. M., Smith, L., Oost, K. M., Lehavot, K., & Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. (2017). Disparities in Physical Health Conditions Among Lesbian and Bisexual Women: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. Journal of Homosexuality, 64(1), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1174021
- Sinclair, V. G., & Wallston, K. A. (2004). The development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Assessment, 11(1), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191103258144
- Singh-Ospina, N., Maraka, S., Rodriguez-Gutierrez, R., Davidge-Pitts, C., Nippoldt, T. B., Prokop, L. J., & Murad, M. H. (2017). Effect of Sex Steroids on the Bone Health of Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 102(11), 3904–3913. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01642
- Skerrett, D. M., Kolves, K., & Leo, D. de (2016). Factors Related to Suicide in LGBT Populations. Crisis, 37(5), 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000423
- Skerrett, D. M., Kõlves, K., & Leo, D. de (2017). Pathways to Suicide in Lesbian and Gay Populations in Australia: A Life Chart Analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5), 1481–1489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0827-y
- Slade, T., Gross, D. P., Niwa, L., McKillop, A. B., & Guptill, C. (2020). Sex and gender demographic questions: improving methodological quality, inclusivity, and ethical administration. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2020.1819518
- Snow, A., Cerel, J., Loeffler, D. N., & Flaherty, C. (2019). Barriers to Mental Health Care for Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Adults: A Systematic Literature Review. Health & Social Work, 44(3), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlz016
- Sobecki-Rausch, J. N., Brown, O., & Gaupp, C. L. (2017). Sexual Dysfunction in Lesbian Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 35(5), 448–459. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604455
- Soldati, L., Hischier, M., & Aubry, J.‑M. (2016). Réseau de soins pour patients souffrant de dysphorie de genre. Revue médicale suisse, 12(531), 1557–1560. Retrieved from https://www.revmed.ch/RMS/2016/RMS-N-531/Reseau-de-soins-pour-patients-souffrant-de-dysphorie-de-genre
- Stocker, D., Schläpfer, S., Németh, P., Jäggi, J., Liechti, L., & Künzi, K. (2021). Der Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit der Schweizer Bevölkerung und die psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Versorgung in der Schweiz. Schlussbericht. Bern.
- Streed, C. G., Jr., Harfouch, O., Marvel, F., Blumenthal, R. S., Martin, S. S., & Mukherjee, M. (2017). Cardiovascular Disease Among Transgender Adults Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Narrative Review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(4). https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-0577
- Sweileh, W. M. (2018). Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature in transgender health (1900-2017). BMC International Health and Human Rights, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-018-0155-5
- Szücs, D., Köhler, A., Holthaus, M. M., Güldenring, A., Balk, L., Motmans, J., & Nieder, T. O. (2021). Gesundheit und Gesundheitsversorgung von trans Personen während der COVID‑19-Pandemie: Eine Online-Querschnittstudie in deutschsprachigen Ländern. Bundesgesundheitsblatt – Gesundheitsforschung – Gesundheitsschutz, 64(11), 1452–1462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03432-8
- Takács, J., Szalma, I., & Bartus, T. (2016). Social Attitudes Toward Adoption by Same-Sex Couples in Europe. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(7), 1787–1798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0691-9
- Tanini, S., Fisher, A. D., Meattini, I., Bianchi, S., Ristori, J., Maggi, M., & Lo Russo, G. (2019). Testosterone and Breast Cancer in Transmen: Case Reports, Review of the Literature, and Clinical Observation. Clinical Breast Cancer, 19(2), E271-E275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clbc.2018.12.006
- Timmins, L., Rimes, K. A., & Rahman (2017). Gender Identity Self-Stigma Scale [Measurement instrument]. Retrieved from https://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/depts/psychology/research/researchgroupings/gender-identity-self-stigma-scale.pdf
- Tomkins, A., George, R., & Kliner, M. (2019). Sexualised drug taking among men who have sex with men: a systematic review. Perspectives in Public Health, 139(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913918778872
- Utamsingh, P. D., Kenya, S., Lebron, C. N., & Carrasquillo, O. (2017). Beyond Sensitivity. LGBT Healthcare Training in U.S. Medical Schools: A Review of the Literature. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 12(2), 148–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2017.1298070
- Vaitses Fontanari, A. M., Zanella, G. I., Feijo, M., Churchill, S., Rodrigues Lobato, M. I., & Costa, A. B. (2019). HIV-related care for transgender people: A systematic review of studies from around the world. Social Science & Medicine, 230, 280–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.016
- Valentine, S. E., & Shipherd, J. C. (2018). A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States. Clinical Psychology Review, 66, 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.003
- Van der Helm, J. J., Prins, M., Del Amo, J., Bucher, H. C., Chêne, G., Dorrucci, M., . . . Geskus, R. B. (2011). The hepatitis C epidemic among HIV-positive MSM: Incidence estimates from 1990 to 2007. AIDS, 25(8), 1083–1091. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283471cce
- Van Sighem, A., Vidondo, B., Glass, T. R., Bucher, H. C., Vernazza, P., Gebhardt, M., . . . Low, N. (2012). Resurgence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Switzerland: Mathematical modelling study. PloS One, 7(9), e44819. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044819
- Wahlen, R., Bize, R., Wang, J., Merglen, A., & Ambresin, A.‑E. (2020). Medical students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards LGBT people and their health care needs: Impact of a lecture on LGBT health. PloS One, 15(7), e0234743. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234743
- Waldis, L., Borter, N., & Rammsayer, T. H. (2020). The interactions among sexual orientation, masculine and feminine gender role orientation, and facets of sociosexuality in young heterosexual and homosexual men. Journal of Homosexuality. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2020.1717837
- Wang, J., Dey, M., Soldati, L., Weiss, M. G., Gmel, G., & Mohler-Kuo, M. (2014). Psychiatric disorders, suicidality, and personality among young men by sexual orientation. European Psychiatry, 29(8), 514–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.05.001
- Wang, J., Häusermann, M., Vounatsou, P., Aggleton, P., & Weiss, M. G. (2007). Health status, behavior, and care utilization in the Geneva Gay Men’s Health Survey. Preventive Medicine, 44(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.013
- Wang, J., Häusermann, M., Wydler, H., Mohler-Kuo, M., & Weiss, M. G. (2012). Suicidality and sexual orientation among men in Switzerland: Findings from 3 probability surveys. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(8), 980–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.014
- Wang, J., Plöderl, M., Häusermann, M., & Weiss, M. G. (2015). Understanding Suicide Attempts Among Gay Men From Their Self-perceived Causes. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203(7), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000319
- Wao, H., Aluoch, M., Odondi, G. O., Tenge, E., & Iznaga, T. (2016). MSM’s Versus Health Care Providers’ Perceptions of Barriers to Uptake of HIV/AIDS-Related Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence. International Journal of Sexual Health, 28(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2016.1153560
- Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30, 473–483.
- Weatherburn, P., Hickson, F., Reid, D. S., Schink, S. B., Marcus, U., & Schmidt, A. J. (2019). EMIS-2017. The European Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men Internet Survey: Key findings from 50 countries. Stockholm.
- Weber, P., Gredig, D., Lehner, A., & Nideröst, S. (2019). European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2017): Länderbericht für die Schweiz. Olten.
- Whitaker, K., Shapiro, V. B., & Shields, J. P. (2016). School-Based Protective Factors Related to Suicide for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.008
- WHO (2014). Health in all policies: Helsinki statement. Framework for country action. Geneva: World Health Organization.
- Wicki, M., Marmet, S., Studer, J., Epaulard, O., & Gmel, G. (2020). Mental Health Across the Spectrum of Sexual Orientation – a Study Among Young Swiss Men. Online-Poster (Swiss Public Health Conference 2020). Retrieved from https://www.unilu.ch/en/faculties/department-of-health-sciences-and-medicine/events/swiss-public-health-conference-2020/#section=c95677
- Widmer, A., Regli, D., Frei, L., & Znoj, H. (2014). Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialer Unterstützung und Suizidalität bei homo- und bisexuellen Personen. Zeitschrift Für Sexualforschung, 27(3), 220–236. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1385057
- Wirth, M., Inauen, J., & Steinke, H. (2020). Neue Strategien der HIV-Prävention für „Men who have sex with men“ (MSM): Die Präexpositionsprophylaxe (PrEP) und eine ethische Evaluierung ihrer Potentiale und Probleme. Ethik in der Medizin. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00481-020-00589-9
- Wolff, M., Wells, B., Ventura-DiPersia, C., Renson, A., & Grov, C. (2017). Measuring Sexual Orientation: A Review and Critique of U.S. Data Collection Efforts and Implications for Health Policy. Journal of Sex Research, 54(4-5), 507–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1255872
- World Health Organization [WHO] (2014). Review of social determinants and the health divide in the WHO European Region: final report. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
- Wozolek, B., Wootton, L., & Demlow, A. (2017). The School-to-Coffin Pipeline: Queer Youth, Suicide, and Living the In-Between. Cultural Studies-Critical Methodologies, 17(5), 392–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616673659
- Wray, T. B., Grin, B., Dorfman, L., Glynn, T. R., Kahler, C. W., Marshall, B. D. L., . . . Operario, D. (2016). Systematic review of interventions to reduce problematic alcohol use in men who have sex with men. Drug and Alcohol Review, 35(2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12271
- Yıldız, E. (2018). Suicide in sexual minority populations: A systematic review of evidence-based studies. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(4), 650–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.03.003
- Zahnd, C., Salazar-Vizcaya, L., Dufour, J.‑F., Müllhaupt, B., Wandeler, G., Kouyos, R., . . . Keiser, O. (2016). Modelling the impact of deferring HCV treatment on liver-related complications in HIV coinfected men who have sex with men. Journal of Hepatology, 65(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.030
- Ziegler, E., Valaitis, R., Carter, N., Risdon, C., & Yost, J. (2020). Primary Care for Transgender Individuals: A Review of the Literature Reflecting a Canadian Perspective. Sage Open, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020962824