Unlocking the Right to Data Portability
An Analysis of the Interface with the Sui Generis Database Right
Zusammenfassung
Die Datenwirtschaft der EU könnte sich in den nächsten Jahren verdoppeln, wenn politische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen rechtzeitig geschaffen werden. Den ersten Schritt hat die EU bereits mit der Einführung der DSGVO gemacht, die das Recht auf Datenübertragbarkeit (RtDP) einführte. Zwar zielt das RtDP primär darauf ab, betroffene Personen eine größere Kontrolle über ihre personenbezogenen Daten zu bieten, es hat jedoch auch einen wettbewerbsfördernden Charakter als Instrument zur Verringerung eines Lock-in-Effekts bei Verbrauchern.Das RtDP ist jedoch kein absolutes Recht, denn Art. 20(4) der DSGVO schreibt vor, dass es „die Rechte und Freiheiten anderer nicht nachteilig beeinträchtigen darf“ [englische Fassung]. Dies schließt wohl das von der Datenbankrichtlinie vorgeschriebene sui-generis Datenbankrecht ein, welches eine Möglichkeit für Verantwortliche darstellen könnte, eine Anforderung auf Datenübertragbarkeit nicht nachzukommen. Leider hat sich die zweite Ex-post-Bewertung der Datenbankrichtlinie durch die EU-Kommission nicht mit diesem potentiellen Konflikt befasst.Vor diesem Hintergrund soll die Schnittstelle zwischen dem RtDP und dem sui-generis Datenbankrecht, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Kontexts der Datenwirtschaft untersucht und neu definiert werden.
Abstract
The EU data economy could double within the next years if policy and legal framework conditions are put in place in time. The first step has been taken by the EU with adoption of the GDPR, which introduced the right to data portability (RtDP). While the RtDP’s primary objective is to provide data subjects with greater control over personal data, it also has a pro-competitive character, as a tool to decrease consumer lock in.The RtDP is, however, not an absolute right, as Article 20(4) GDPR sets forth that it ‘shall not adversely affect the rights and freedoms of others’. This arguably encompasses the sui generis database right under the Database Directive, which could represent a claim for controllers to not comply with a portability request. Unfortunately, the Commission’s second ex-post evaluation on the Database Directive did not approach such potential conflict.Against this background, this research aims to explore and redefine the interface between the RtDP and the sui generis database right, taking particular account of the data economy’s context.
Schlagworte
IPR right to data portability RtDP intellectual property right sui generis database right SGDR Database Directive DbD Article 20(4) Data Economy Data Access Right Database RightKeywords
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