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Politicians' Expressions of Anger and Leadership Evaluations / 4 Methods and Approaches to the Study of Emotion Expressions
Politicians' Expressions of Anger and Leadership Evaluations / 4 Methods and Approaches to the Study of Emotion Expressions
Contents
Chapter
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Page
1–18
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–18
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19–45
1 Introduction: Why Politicians’ Emotion Expressions Matter
19–45
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1.1 The Relevance of Studying Politicians’ Emotion Expressions
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1.2 Emotions and Emotional Displays
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1.2.1 The Structure of Emotions
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1.2.2 Emotion Expressions of Anger and Indignation
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1.3 Outline of the Book
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46–88
2 Candidate Appearances and Candidate Evaluations
46–88
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2.1 Candidate Evaluations Based on Appearances
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2.2 Candidate Evaluations Based on Politicians’ Emotion Expressions
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2.2.1 The Social Function of Emotions
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2.2.2 Affective Responses
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2.2.3 Cognitive Responses
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2.2.4 Social-Contextual Factors
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2.3 Candidate Evaluations Based on Politicians’ Anger Expressions
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2.3.1 Anger and Affective Responses
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2.3.2 Anger and Cognitive Responses
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2.3.3 Anger and Social-Contextual Factors
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2.3.4 Review: Theoretical Expectations and Hypotheses Regarding the Impact of Anger Expressions
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89–100
3 The Prevalence of Anger Expressions on German Television
89–100
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3.1 The Visual Media Content Analysis of German News and Talk Shows
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3.2 Politicians’ Emotional Expressions on German Television
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101–174
4 Methods and Approaches to the Study of Emotion Expressions
101–174
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4.1 Determining an Appropriate Research Method
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4.2 The Experimental Method
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4.3 The Experimental Design
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4.3.1 Pre-Test: The Structure of Politicians’ Emotion Expressions
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4.3.2 The Procedure
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4.3.3 The Material
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4.3.4 The Sample
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4.3.5 Potential Threats to the Internal Validity of the Study
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4.4 The Measurement of Key Concepts
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4.4.1 Measurements of the Dependent Variable: The Structure of Leadership Evaluations
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4.4.2 Measurements of Covariates and Moderating Variables
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4.5 Manipulation Checks of the Experimental Treatment
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4.5.1 Self-Reported Affective and Cognitive Responses
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4.5.1.1 Perceptions of Emotional Expressions
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4.5.1.2 Affective Responses Based on Emotional Expressions
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4.5.2 The Facial Expressions of Anger
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4.5.3 Political Issues and Anger Expressions
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175–234
5 The Impact of Anger Expressions on Leadership Evaluations
175–234
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5.1 The Average Treatment Effects
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5.1.1 The Evaluation of Overall Favorability Ratings
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Evaluations in Sub-Experiment Type 1 (Politicians in General)
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Evaluations in Sub-Experiment Type 2 (Merkel and Gysi)
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Evaluations in Sub-Experiment Type 3 (Gabriel and Merkel)
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5.1.2 The Evaluation of Warmth
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5.1.2.1 The Evaluation of Likeability Ratings
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Treatment: Sub-Experiment Type 1 (Politicians in General)
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Treatment: Sub-Experiment Type 2 (Gysi and Merkel)
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Treatment: Sub-Experiment Type 3 (Gabriel and Merkel)
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5.1.2.2 The Evaluation of Trustworthiness
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5.1.3 The Evaluation of Competence
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5.1.3.1 Problem-Solving Skills
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5.1.3.2 Leadership Skills
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5.1.4 The Evaluations of Specific Candidate Impressions
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5.1.4.1 Evaluations of Emotionality
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5.1.4.2 Evaluations of Politeness
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5.1.4.3 The Evaluation of Agitation
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5.1.4.4 The Evaluation of Aggressiveness
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5.1.4.5 The Evaluation of Arrogance
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5.1.4.6 The Evaluation of Gender Stereotypical Attributes
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5.1.4.6.1 The Evaluation of Decisiveness
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5.1.4.6.2 The Evaluation of Resilience
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5.1.4.7 The Evaluation of External Efficacy
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5.1.5 Summary of the Main Effects
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5.2 Overview of Potential Moderating Factors
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5.3 The Broader Implications of the Experimental Treatment
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5.3.1 The Longevity of the Treatment Effects
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5.3.2 Spillover Effects on Political Parties
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5.3.3 The Response Time
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5.3.4 Summary of the Broader Implications
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235–246
6 Conclusion: Current Evidence and Future Directions in Research on Politicians’ Emotion Expressions
235–246
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6.1 Summary of Empirical Findings
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6.2 Concluding Remarks and Implications for Future Research
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247–282
Bibliography
247–282
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References
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Datasets & Questionnaires
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Software & Software Packages
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Appendix
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Politicians' Expressions of Anger and Leadership Evaluations , page 101 - 174
4 Methods and Approaches to the Study of Emotion Expressions
Autoren
Lena Masch
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748906803-101
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-6563-8
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-0680-3
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doi.org/10.5771/9783748906803-101
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