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Regularisations of Irregularly Staying Migrants in the EU / Introduction
Regularisations of Irregularly Staying Migrants in the EU / Introduction
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25–54
Introduction
25–54
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A. The challenge at hand
B. Hypothesis and structure
C. Current research
D. Methodology
I. Critical-contextual approach
1. The starting point: functionalism
2. Adding the context and…
3. …Critical approaches to functionalism
II. Critical-contextual comparison in this study
1. Content and choice of Member States
2. Integrated approach
3. Analysis from the perspective of irregularly staying migrants
III. Translation
55–132
Part I – Regularisations and irregular migration in the EU legal framework
55–132
Details
Chapter 1 – Conceptualising regularisations
A. Definition
I. Overview of current definitions
II. Elements
1. Irregularly staying migrants
2. Granting a right to stay
a) Lawful
b) Temporary
c) Rights linked to the status
d) Consolidation
3. Decision
a) Individual
b) Decision from the administrative authorities or the courts
4. Satisfying the minimum requirements
III. Interim conclusion
B. Classification
I. Possible starting points
II. The basis: purpose of the regularisation
III. Purpose-based structure
1. Non-returnability
a) Status of toleration in residence law
b) Principle of non-refoulement under the ECHR and CFR or factual reasons
2. Social ties
3. Family unity
4. Vulnerability
a) Victim protection
b) Other emergency situations
5. Employment and training
6. Other national interests
IV. Delimitation
1. Temporary protection
2. Marriage and registered partnerships
V. Interim conclusion
Chapter 2 – EU competence concerning irregular migration and regularisations
A. Irregular migration under EU immigration policy
B. Return Directive
I. General structure and content
II. An obligation to regularise under the Return Directive?
1. Opponents of an obligation to regularise
2. Proponents of an obligation to regularise
a) Principle of non-refoulement under the ECHR and CFR
b) Permanently non-returnable
III. Interim conclusion
C. EU competences under Article 79(1) TFEU
I. Prevention and enhanced measures to combat irregular migration
II. Development of a common immigration policy aimed at ensuring, at all stages, the effective management of migration flows
III. Fair treatment of third-country nationals
D. Primary law competences under Article 79(2) TFEU
I. Conditions of entry and residence
II. Status and free movement rights of legally resident third-country nationals
1. Integration
2. Access to the labour market
III. Illegal immigration and unauthorised residence
IV. Proportionality and subsidiarity
E. Summary
133–354
Part II – A comparison of Austrian, German and Spanish law
133–354
Details
Chapter 3 – Context for the integrated comparison
A. Austria
I. Historical development of the law on aliens
II. Legal status
1. (Un)lawful residence
2. Employment
3. Social benefits
4. Healthcare
III. General remarks on ‘residence permits for exceptional circumstances’
1. Overview
2. Administrative procedure
a) Application
b) Grant ex officio
c) General requirements for the grant of residence permits and grounds for refusal
d) End of the procedure
3. Consolidation of residence
4. Drawing distinctions
IV. Competences and authorities regarding aliens’ law
V. Judicial protection
1. Administrative jurisdiction
2. Constitutional jurisdiction
B. Germany
I. Historical development of residency law
II. Legal status of foreigners
1. (Un)lawful residence
2. Employment
3. Social benefits
4. Healthcare
III. General remarks on residence permits for humanitarian reasons
1. Overview
2. Administrative procedure
a) Application
b) General requirements for granting residence titles and grounds for denial
c) Restriction after an asylum process
3. Consolidation of residence
4. Drawing distinctions
IV. Competences and authorities in residence law
V. Judicial protection
1. Administrative jurisdiction
2. Constitutional jurisdiction
C. Spain
I. Historical development of the law on foreigners
II. Legal status of foreigners
1. (Un)lawful residence
2. Employment
3. Social benefits
4. Healthcare
III. General remarks on ‘temporary residence permits for exceptional circumstances’
1. Overview
2. Roots
3. Administrative procedure
a) Application
b) Grounds for refusal and rejection
4. Consolidation of residence
5. Drawing distinctions
IV. Competences and authorities regarding the law on foreigners
V. Judicial protection
1. Administrative jurisdiction
2. Constitutional jurisdiction
VI. Summary – The special status of regularisations in the laws concerning residency and foreigners
Chapter 4 – The purpose-based integrated comparison of regularisations
A. Non-returnability
I. Toleration
1. Spain: non-statutory toleration and irregularity
2. Germany: statutory toleration
a) Requirements
b) Status
c) Legal protection
d) Regularisation prospects
3. Austria: statutory toleration
a) Requirements
b) Status
c) Legal protection
d) Regularisation prospects
II. Non-refoulement under the ECHR and CFR or factual reasons
1. Austria: ‘special protection residence permit’
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
2. Germany: ‘residence permit for banned deportation to a specific state’
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
3. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for humanitarian reasons’ where the visa application in the state of origin is impossible
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
III. Interim conclusion
B. Social ties
I. Germany: ‘residence permit in the case of permanent integration’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
3. Family members: derivate right to stay
II. Germany: ‘residence permit for well-integrated juveniles and young adults’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
3. Family members: derivate right to stay
III. Austria: ‘residence permits for reasons of Article 8 ECHR’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
IV. Interim conclusion
C. Family unity
I. Spain: ‘residence permit for a child not born in Spain’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
II. Germany: ‘residence permit for persons who are enforceably required to leave the country, but whose departure is legally or factually impossible’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
III. Austria: ‘residence permits for reasons of Article 8 ECHR’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
IV. Austria: ‘Red-White-Red – Card plus’ for unaccompanied minor aliens in the care of foster parents or the child and youth service’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
V. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for reasons of family roots’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
VI. Interim conclusion
D. Vulnerability
I. Victim protection
1. Austria: ‘special protection residence permit’ for victims of a crime
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
2. Germany: ‘residence permit for prosecution of criminal offences’
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
3. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for humanitarian reasons’ for victims of crimes
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
4. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit and work permit for exceptional circumstances for foreign victims of human trafficking’
a) Identification of potential victims
b) Recovery and reflection period
c) Exemption from administrative penalties and ‘provisional residence permit and work permit’
d) Right to stay
5. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit and work permit for exceptional circumstances for foreign women who are victims of gender-based violence’
a) Report
b) Court protection order and ‘provisional residence permit and work permit’
c) Right to stay
II. Other cases of hardship
1. Germany: ‘granting residence in cases of hardship’
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
2. Austria: ‘residence permit in particularly exceptional cases’
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
3. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for humanitarian reasons’ – sudden serious illness
a) Requirements
b) Right to stay
III. Interim conclusion
E. Employment and training
I. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for reasons of social roots’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
II. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for reasons of employment roots’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
III. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for reasons of training roots’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
IV. Germany: ‘residence permit for the purpose of employment for qualified tolerated foreigners’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
V. Interim conclusion
F. Other national interests
I. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for exceptional circumstances due to the collaboration with public authorities, or for reasons of national security or public interest’
1. Requirements
2. Right to stay
II. Spain: ‘temporary residence permit for exceptional circumstances due to collaboration in the fight against organised networks’
1. Requirements
2. Exemption from administrative penalties
3. ‘Provisional residence permit and work permit’
4. Right to stay
III. Interim conclusion
G. Summary – The differentiated regularisation systems
355–368
Part III – Outlook
355–368
Details
Chapter 5 – An EU Regularisation Directive
A. ‘Immigration from within’
B. Underlying concept – holistic approach
I. First harmonisation phase
II. Second harmonisation phase
C. Content
I. Personal scope of application
II. Requirements for granting regularisations
III. Right to stay
IV. Procedural aspects
D. Expanding general EU migration law
369–398
Bibliography
369–398
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Regularisations of Irregularly Staying Migrants in the EU , page 25 - 54
Introduction
Autoren
Kevin Fredy Hinterberger
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748912798-25
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-7270-4
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-1279-8
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