15 List of Graphs and Tables Graph 1: Conceptual Design of the Theoretico-Empirical Frame of Reference 38 Graph 2: Bottom-up, Top-down, and Cross-loading Processes of Europeanisation 89 Graph 3: Categories of Europeanisation 93 Graph 4: Factors Facilitating Change 106 Graph 5: System of Political Responsibilities for a High Level of Employment 156 Graph 6: The Three Pillars of European Employment Pact 185 Graph 7: The EES’s Annual Policy Co-ordination Cycle (1997-2002) 192 Graph 8: The ‘Policy ID’ of the ‘Stand-Alone’ EES (1997-2002) 198 Graph 9: The 2003 New EES 208 Graph 10: The ‘Policy ID’ and Structure of the New EES (since 2003) 211 Graph 11: EU-Level EES-PCN – Core Actors and Areas of Interactions 266 Graph 12: The British Part of the EES-PCN 284 Graph 13: The German Part of the EES-PCN (until 2002) 302 Graph 14: The German Part of the EES-PCN (since 2002/03) 303 Graph 15: The EES-PCN and Its Interrelatedness with European Economic Policy Co-ordination 428 Table 1: General Dimensions of EMLG Policy Networks in First Pillar Policies 57 Table 2: Differences between OMC and European Soft Law 68 Table 3: Degree of Institutionalisation of Policy Co-ordination/OMC Processes 70 Table 4: Potential Impact of the OMC on (Institutional and) Policy Change 71 Table 5: Ideal Type of Policy Co-ordination through OMC 73 Table 6: Domains of Europeanisation 92 Table 7: Matrix of Categories and Domains of Europeanisation 95 Table 8: Means and Results of Policy Change 98 Table 9: Forms and Effects of Policy Transfer 99 Table 10: Causal/Facilitating Factors and Mechanisms of Policy Change and Convergence 100 Table 11: Types of Policy Convergence 102 Table 12: Mechanisms of Institutional Change 104 Table 13: Categories of Key Intervening Variables Explaining Europeanisation 110 Table 14: Veto Points and National Political Institutions Offering Resources 136 List of Graphs and Tables 16 Table 15: The Effect of OMC on the Anglo-Saxon and Continental Welfare State 138 Table 16: Key British Employment Policy Instruments during the 1980s 143 Table 17: Key British Labour Market and Employment Legislation during the 1980s and 1990s 144 Table 18: Key German Employment Policy Instruments during the 1980s 153 Table 19: Key German Labour Market and Employment Legislation during the 1980s and 1990s 155 Table 20: Indicators for Adaptation to the Institutional Logic of the EES 164 Table 21: Indicators for Europeanisation of National Employment Policies 167 Table 22: Co-ordination within the EES 204 Table 23: Country-Specific Messages to the UK and Germany 214 Table 24: Convergence and Europeanisation Potential of the EES 237 Table 25: European Employment Policy Co-ordination Cycle: Chronology of Core Actors’ Contributions 1997-2005 268 Table 26: Steering Group of the Alliance for Jobs 295 Table 27: Main British Socio-Economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 1997/98 313 Table 28: Main British Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 1999 319 Table 29: Main British Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 2000 324 Table 30: Main British Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 2001 330 Table 31: Main British Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 2002 337 Table 32: Main British Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced from 2003 to 2005 346 Table 33: Number of Main British Socio-Economic Policies adopted under the EES’s Pillars and Thematic Focal Points from 1997/98 to 2005 352 Table 34: Recommendations under the EES addressed to the UK from 2000 to 2004 353 Table 35: Main German Socio-Economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 1998 362 Table 36: Main German Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 1999 367 Table 37: Main German Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 2000 374 Table 38: Main German Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 2001 380 Table 39: Main German Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced in 2002 390 Table 40: Main German Socio-economic and Employment Policies and Innovations introduced from 2003 to 2005 401 List of Graphs and Tables 17 Table 41: Number of Main German Socio-Economic Policies adopted under the EES’s Pillars and Thematic Focal Points from 1997/98 to 2005 409 Table 42: Recommendations addressed to Germany under the EES from 2000 to 2004 411 Table 43: Activation of Domestic Veto Points under the EES 414 Table 44: Adaptation to the Institutional Logic of the EES within the UK and Germany 416 Table 45: Europeanisation of Employment Policy Co-ordination Structures in the UK and Germany 420 Table 46: General Dimensions of the EES-PCN 422 Table 47: Indicators for Europeanisation of National Employment Policies in the UK and Germany 430 Table 48: Number of Main Socio-Economic Policies Adopted in the UK and Germany under the EES’s Thematic Focus 433 Table 49: Main Examples for ?-Convergence in Terms of Functional Equivalence 434 Table 50: Europeanisation of Employment Policy-Making and Policies in the UK and Germany – The Final Picture and Result 437 Table 51: European Employment/Integrated Guidelines 1998 to 2005 444