Jump to content
Digital Ethics / Chapter 17 The Deontic Power of the Internet – Access Controls and the Obsolescence of Legal Norms
Digital Ethics / Chapter 17 The Deontic Power of the Internet – Access Controls and the Obsolescence of Legal Norms
Contents
Chapter
Expand
|
Collapse
Authors
Page
1–8
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–8
Details
11–46
Part 1 From Drawings to Deep Fakes – Some Introductory Remarks
11–46
11–36
Chapter 1 Images, Technology, Ethics and Law – An Intricate Relationship
Thomas Dreier, Tiziana Andina
Thomas Dreier, Tiziana Andina
11–36
Details
I. Digital Ethics – The Issue of Images: An Introduction
Details
1. Defining the issue
Details
a) What is to be understood by digital image ethics?
Details
b) Changes brought about by digital and networking technologies
Details
2. Issues of digital image ethics
Details
a) Practical level
Details
b) Semantical level
Details
3. Method and aim of the book
Details
a) Questions to be asked
Details
b) Consequential ethics
Details
4. Law and ethics
Details
II. The Contributions of This Book
Details
1. Transalpine considerations
Details
2. The parts of this book
Details
3. The contributions in detail
Details
a) The ethical framework
Details
b) Images, art and society
Details
c) Binary encoding and artificial intelligence: The dissolution of the visual object
Details
d) Technology, ethics and legal norms
Details
e) Ethics and fundamental rights
Details
References
Details
37–46
Chapter 2 From Goethe’s Italian Journey to Transalpine Online Navigation – Narrative Changes and Transnational Stereotypes
Werner Gephart
Werner Gephart
37–46
Details
I. Preface
Details
II. “Travelling” as a Medium of Communication and Discovery
Details
III. Letters, Circulars, and Broadcast Chains
Details
IV. How We Participate in Foreign Life
Details
V. The Power of the “Image”
Details
VI. Conclusion
Details
References
Details
49–78
Part 2 Ethical Foundations
49–78
49–74
Chapter 3 Digital Image Ethics – How it Could be Pursued and What It Might Have to Say
Reinold Schmücker
Reinold Schmücker
49–74
Details
I. Introduction
Details
II. Digital Ethics Today: A Snapshot
Details
III. Ethics: Challenged by Both a Problem of Justification and a Problem of Application
Details
1. The problem of justification
Details
2. The problem of application
Details
IV. The Possibility of Applied Ethics
Details
1. The need for applied ethics
Details
2. Applied ethics is different from everyday moral judging
Details
3. The “seat in life” of applied ethics
Details
V. The Task of Digital Image Ethics
Details
VI. What Digital Image Ethics Might Have to Say: Three Examples
Details
1. The Principle of Unconditionally Permissible Use of all Vocabulary of a Visual Language
Details
2. The Principle of the Legitimacy of Taking Photographs in Museums
Details
3. The Principle of Prohibiting Deception by Manipulated Photographs
Details
References
Details
75–78
Chapter 4 Form and Norm in Pictures
Enrico Terrone
Enrico Terrone
75–78
Details
References
Details
81–184
Part 3 Images, Art and Society
81–184
81–100
Chapter 5 Who Cares About Privacy? – The Documedia Surplus Value
Maurizio Ferraris
Maurizio Ferraris
81–100
Details
I. Prologue: The Virus and the Web
Details
II. Privacy, Post-Truth, and Documedia Surplus Value
Details
III. From the Superstructure to the Structure
Details
1. Quantity: big data
Details
2. Quality: rich data
Details
3. Relation: secret data
Details
4. Modality: real data
Details
5. The unfair exchange
Details
IV. Epilogue: Objections and Answers
Details
References
Details
101–126
Chapter 6 Immersive Artistic Forms – What They Are and How to Identify Them
Davide Dal Sasso
Davide Dal Sasso
101–126
Details
I. Introduction
Details
II. Technology
Details
1. Knowledge
Details
a) Planning
Details
b) Processing
Details
2. Practices
Details
a) Dispositions
Details
b) Reality
Details
III. Metaphysics
Details
1. Structures
Details
a) Forms
Details
b) Hybridizations
Details
2. Immersivity
Details
a) Interaction
Details
b) Identification Criteria
Details
IV. Conclusion
Details
References
Details
127–136
Chapter 7 From Works to Living Means of Communication – The Digital Image and the ‘Iconic Turn’
Wolfgang Ullrich
Wolfgang Ullrich
127–136
Details
I. The Democratization of the Image Tools
Details
II. From Analogue Images to Forms of Orality
Details
III. Aby Warburg’s “Pathosformeln”
Details
IV. Selfies and Emojis
Details
V. The Vivification of the Images: Memes
Details
VI. The Application of Social Media Tools to Classical Artworks
Details
VII. ...and The Future? – Consequences for Authorship and Copyright
Details
References
Details
137–158
Chapter 8 Fairness Aspects of Techniques of Referencing Cultures
Eva-Maria Bauer
Eva-Maria Bauer
137–158
Details
I. Referencing as a Cultural Phenomenon
Details
II. The Importance of Referencing Cultures
Details
1. Historical use of referencing and appropriation
Details
2. Appropriation art
Details
3. Referencing as a medium of communication
Details
III. Under German Copyright Law
Details
1. Consent pursuant to § 23 (1) sentence 2 UrhG
Details
2. Citation according to § 51 UrhG
Details
3. Caricature or parody according to § 51a UrhG
Details
4. Pastiche according to § 51a UrhG
Details
a) A broad understanding of pastiche in the Explanatory Memorandum to the German Act implementing the DSM-Directive
Details
b) A narrow understanding of pastiche
Details
c) Pastiche does not achieve a systemic change
Details
V. Concluding Remarks
Details
References
Details
159–170
Chapter 9 Towards a New Ethic: Building Transgenerationality – Digital Images to Orient the Future
Tiziana Andina
Tiziana Andina
159–170
Details
I. Digital Images
Details
II. The Transgenerational Bond
Details
III. Transgenerational Actions
Details
IV. Transgenerational Images
Details
References
Details
171–184
Chapter 10 Iconoclasm and Iconoclash – The Digital Restoration of the Movement-Image
Cosetta Saba
Cosetta Saba
171–184
Details
I. Iconoclasm as a Means of Innovation and Reappraisal
Details
II. Iconoclasm and Iconoclash
Details
III. Digital Preservation and Restoration
Details
IV. Provisional Conclusion
Details
References
Details
187–270
Part 4 Binary Encoding, Artificial Intelligence and the Dissolution of the Visual Object
187–270
187–206
Chapter 11 Semioethics of the Visual Fake
Massimo Leone
Massimo Leone
187–206
Details
I. The Intimate Nature of the Visual Fake
Details
II. The Visual Fake, Technology, and Evolution
Details
III. Conventionality and Motivation in the Technology of the Visual Fake
Details
IV. The Third Way of Semiotics
Details
V. Semiotics as Discipline of the Fake
Details
VI. The Background of Reflection: Advances and Lacunae
Details
VII. The Tasks Ahead for a Semioethics of the Visual Fake
Details
VIII. Conclusions: On Fakes and Viruses
Details
References
Details
207–228
Chapter 12 From Copy & Paste to Deep Fakes – Digital Collaging and Image Manipulation
Olivia Hägle
Olivia Hägle
207–228
Details
I. Introduction
Details
II. From Copy & Paste to Deep Fakes – The Origins of Image Manipulation
Details
1. A brief history of image manipulation
Details
a) Starting point: art forgery
Details
b) Making history with fake photographs
Details
c) “Face swap” as preliminary stage
Details
2. The Technology behind: deep fake algorithms
Details
a) Deep learning
Details
b) Autoencoder
Details
c) Generative adversarial network
Details
3. The power of images: why images are more than simple information media
Details
III. Deceptions Through Image Manipulation in the Information Age
Details
1. State of the art: what AI is already capable of
Details
2. Deep learning technology and its consequences
Details
a) Consequences for the individual as a social being
Details
b) Potentially affected rights
Details
c) Indirect consequences: disinformation
Details
3. Regulating the consequences: possible solutions for this problem
Details
a) Legal mechanisms
Details
b) Technical solutions
Details
c) Social measures
Details
d) Combination
Details
IV. Conclusion
Details
References
Details
229–238
Chapter 13 The Multi-Layered Information in a Digital Image
Benjamin Raue
Benjamin Raue
229–238
Details
I. Semantic Information
Details
II. Syntactic Information
Details
III. Structural Information
Details
IV. Context of Creation
Details
V. Conclusion
Details
References:
Details
239–252
Chapter 14 Portrait or Personal Data – The Rivalry of Image and Data Protection Legislation
Lorenz Müller-Tamm
Lorenz Müller-Tamm
239–252
Details
I. Introduction
Details
II. The Collision of Regulatory Regimes in German Law
Details
1. The codification of the right to one’s own image in the KUG: an overview
Details
2. Images in the scope of European data protection law
Details
III. The Relationship Between the GDPR and the KUG
Details
1. Opening clauses in the GDPR
Details
2. The KUG and the opening clauses of the GDPR
Details
a) Journalistic and artistic purposes
Details
b) Other purposes
Details
c) Opening clauses and already existing laws
Details
3. The (legal) discrepancy between capturing images and their publication
Details
IV. Concluding Remarks: The Future of Image Protection Law
Details
References
Details
253–270
Chapter 15 Human Authorship and Art Created by Artificial Intelligence – Where Do We Stand?
Gianmaria Ajani
Gianmaria Ajani
253–270
Details
I. Introductory Note
Details
II. A New Agenda for Copyright Laws
Details
III. AI-Generated Art and Creativity
Details
IV. AI-Made Art and the Law
Details
V. AI-Made Art and the Art World
Details
VI. Concluding Remarks
Details
References
Details
273–354
Part 5 Technology, Ethics and Legal Norms
273–354
273–296
Chapter 16 A Face in the Cloud? – Identifying Moral Issues and Constraints in Cloud-Based Image Storage
Wybo Houkes
Wybo Houkes
273–296
Details
I. Digitization in Economic Transactions
Details
II. ‘Servitization’ and Cloud-Based Image Storage
Details
III. Seeking Moral and Practical Continuity
Details
IV. Moral Constraints on Cloud-Based Image Storage
Details
1. Accumulating
Details
2. Accessing
Details
3. Curating
Details
4. Deleting
Details
V. Conclusions
Details
References
Details
297–322
Chapter 17 The Deontic Power of the Internet – Access Controls and the Obsolescence of Legal Norms
Thomas Dreier
Thomas Dreier
297–322
Details
I. What It’s All About and what Consequences Does it Entail?
Details
II. Voluntary Application of Technical Measures Restricting Legal Freedoms Supported by Anti-Circumvention Legislation
Details
1. From public goods to technical protection measures
Details
2. Technical protection measures and copyright exceptions and limitations
Details
a) Legislative solutions
Details
b) Reactions of the courts
Details
c) Additional issues described in legal literature
Details
3. Some thoughts for discussion
Details
a) Is there really a problem?
Details
b) Advantages of technological restrictions
Details
III. Mandatory Decision-Making Power by Private Parties
Details
1. Case scenarios
Details
2. Structural issues
Details
3. Ethical considerations
Details
IV. Concluding Remarks
Details
References
Details
323–334
Chapter 18 Algorithmic Censorship of Online Visual Content – Ethical, Political, and Economic Rationales
Eberhard Ortland
Eberhard Ortland
323–334
Details
I. Introduction
Details
II. Censorship
Details
III. Reasons for Censorship
Details
IV. Algorithmic Judgment and the Pragmatics of Pictorial Speech Acts
Details
References
Details
335–354
Chapter 19 The Issue of the Image of Algorithms
Lisa Käde
Lisa Käde
335–354
Details
I. The Need for Regulating Algorithms
Details
1. Fear of algorithms and technology
Details
2. Improvements through regulation
Details
3. Present impact of algorithms
Details
II. Some Remarks Concerning Terminology
Details
1. Regulation
Details
2. Algorithm
Details
3. Regulating algorithms
Details
III. Examples of Existing Approaches to Regulation
Details
1. Initiating regulation through algorithm type-specific guidelines
Details
2. Regulating with respect to the domain of application
Details
a) EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Details
b) Ranking: regulation in a B2B context
Details
c) Automated administrative acts in Germany
Details
3. Summary
Details
IV. Improving the Image of Algorithms Outside of Legal Regulation
Details
1. Algo.Rules
Details
2. Google model cards
Details
V. What Comes Next?
Details
References
Details
357–416
Part 6 Ethics and Fundamental Rights
357–416
357–386
Chapter 20 The Constitutional Protection of Images
Johannes Eichenhofer
Johannes Eichenhofer
357–386
Details
I. Preliminaries
Details
1. What “images” are we talking about?
Details
2. Depictions, illustrations, data, information, metaphors, imaginations: the multiformity of the concept of image
Details
3. Wording in the following: “inner” and “outer” images, “self-images” and “foreign images”
Details
II. Points of Reference
Details
1. State organization law
Details
a) State symbols
Details
b) “Guiding images” of the state or individual state organs
Details
c) Dealing with “outer” images beyond states symbols and guiding principles (“image regimes”)
Details
2. Fundamental rights
Details
3. Prospect on the further argumentation
Details
III. Case Study: Soraya vs. Caroline – A Legal Comparison Between Italy, Germany and Europe
Details
1. Soraya before the Italian courts
Details
2. Caroline before the German courts
Details
3. Caroline before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
Details
4. Comparison between the three decisions
Details
IV. Soraya and Caroline 2.0: The Impact of Digitalization
Details
1. Impact on “outer” images
Details
2. Impact on “inner” images
Details
3. Impact on the relationship between the “inner” and “outer image”
Details
V. In the End: Constitutional Requirements for the Dissemination of Digital Images
Details
References
Details
387–416
Chapter 21 Contemporary Art on Trial – The Fundamental Right to Free Artistic Expression and the Regulation of the Use of Images by Copyright Law
Christophe Geiger
Christophe Geiger
387–416
Details
I. Copyright, Appropriation Art and Artistic Freedom
Details
1. Appropriation art’s discontents with copyright
Details
2. The traditional approach: narrow interpretation of exceptions and internal control by fundamental rights
Details
II. External Control in the Light of Freedom of Artistic Expression
Details
1. Fundamental Rights and the CJEU
Details
2. Fundamental Rights and the ECtHR
Details
3. Other national jurisdictions
Details
III. Resistance to Change and the Internalization of a (Limited) Flexibility by Way of Fundamental Rights
Details
1. Resistance to change: the improper use of the proportionality test by the judiciary in copyright cases
Details
2. CJEU: Internalization of a (limited) room to manoeuvre using fundamental rights
Details
IV. Proposal of a European Style “Fair Use” Grounded in Freedom of Expression
Details
V. The U.S. “Fair Use” Exception
Details
VI. A proposal for a European “Fair Use” Test
Details
VII. Conclusion
Details
References
Details
417–426
About the authors
417–426
Details
Durchsuchen Sie das Werk
Geben Sie ein Keyword in die Suchleiste ein
CC-BY-SA
Access
Digital Ethics , page 297 - 322
Chapter 17 The Deontic Power of the Internet – Access Controls and the Obsolescence of Legal Norms
Autoren
Thomas Dreier
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748934011-297
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-8841-5
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-3401-1
Chapter Preview
Chapter Preview
Share
Current chapter
Complete document
Download citation
RIS
BibTeX
Copy DOI link
doi.org/10.5771/9783748934011-297
Share by email
Video schließen
Share by email Nomos eLibrary
Recipient*
Sender*
Message*
Your name
Send message
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy
and
Terms of Service
apply.
