Jump to content
Perspectives on Platform Regulation / The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms
Perspectives on Platform Regulation / The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms
Contents
Chapter
Expand
|
Collapse
Authors
Page
1–8
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–8
Details
9–22
Introduction
Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel
Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel
9–22
Details
The structure of this book
Details
Acknowledgements
Details
Bibliography
Details
23–164
Models of Platform Regulation
23–164
23–46
Rights and Duties of Online Platforms
Judit Bayer
Judit Bayer
23–46
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. The regulatory frames of platforms’ powers
Details
Chapter 2.a. Stricter interpretation of platforms’ roles and responsibilities
Details
Chapter 2.b. Wider freedom to platforms
Details
Chapter 3. The bigger picture
Details
Chapter 3.a. Infrastructural regulatory approach
Details
Chapter 3.b. Horizontal effect of human rights
Details
Chapter 4. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
47–76
European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms
Jan Christopher Kalbhenn
Jan Christopher Kalbhenn
47–76
Details
Chapter 1. Europe-wide regulation of digital platforms
Details
Chapter 2. Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act
Details
Chapter 2.a. Background
Details
Chapter 2.b. Regulatory targets
Details
Chapter 2.c. Focus on very large platforms
Details
Chapter 3. The new ABC of European platform regulation
Details
Chapter 3.a. Content moderation
Details
Chapter 3.b. Illegal content
Details
Chapter 3.c. Advertising
Details
Chapter 3.d. Recommendation systems
Details
Chapter 3.e. General terms and conditions
Details
Chapter 4. Rigid requirements for content moderation in the Digital Services Act.
Details
Chapter 4.a. Transparency as a basic rule of content moderation
Details
Chapter 4.b. Account suspensions in case of abusive behaviour
Details
Chapter 4.c. Recommendation systems
Details
Chapter 4.d. Complaint management for illegal content
Details
a) Upward compatible ground rules for all hosting services
Details
b) Special regulations for online platforms
Details
c) Low-threshold out-of-court alternative procedure
Details
d) Trusted flaggers
Details
Chapter 4.e. Serious crimes
Details
Chapter 4.f. Advertising
Details
Chapter 4.g. Official announcements
Details
Chapter 4.h. Interim summary
Details
Chapter 5. Flexible specifications for systemic risks of very large platforms
Details
Chapter 5.a. Risk assessment
Details
Chapter 5.b. Minimisation of risks
Details
Chapter 5.c. Audit, data access law, reporting
Details
Chapter 5.d. Design specifications and architecture specifications
Details
Chapter 5.e. Summary
Details
Chapter 6. Market conduct rules for gatekeepers in the Digital Markets Act.
Details
Chapter 6.a. Rigid commandments and prohibitions
Details
Chapter 6.b. Other commandments and prohibitions
Details
Chapter 6.c. Enforcement of market rules for gatekeepers
Details
Chapter 7. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
Annex: List of Europe’s Digital Regulatory Instruments
Details
77–98
Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care
Lorna Woods
Lorna Woods
77–98
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. A Traditional Approach to Liability for Content
Details
Chapter 3. A Different Model
Details
Chapter 4. Platform Design and Harm
Details
Chapter 5. Risk Assessment: A Model from Work Spaces
Details
Chapter 6. The Statutory Duty of Care: A Proposal
Details
Chapter 7. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
99–118
Policy Developments in the USA to Address Platform Information Disorders
Sarah Hartmann
Sarah Hartmann
99–118
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview
Details
Chapter 2. Lack of Reliable Sources – Measures against the Decline of Local News
Details
Chapter 3. Lack of Platform Accountability – Draft Laws to Shrink Section 230 Immunity
Details
Chapter 3.a. Limiting the Scope for Specific Categories of Content
Details
Chapter 3.b. Amplification, Recommendation or Monetization of Content
Details
Chapter 3.c. Additional Obligations as Prerequisites for Immunity
Details
Chapter 4. Lack of Competition – Introducing Portability and Interoperability
Details
Chapter 5. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
119–144
Interoperability of Messenger Services. Possibilities for a Consumer-Friendly Approach
Jörg Becker, Bernd Holznagel, Kilian Müller
Jörg Becker, Bernd Holznagel, Kilian Müller
119–144
Details
Chapter 1: Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. Technical/economical view
Details
2.1. Subject
Details
2.1.1. Messenger services
Details
2.1.2. Interoperability
Details
2.2. Introducing Interoperability
Details
2.2.1. Interfaces
Details
2.2.2. Standardization
Details
2.2.3. Federation
Details
2.3. Impact of interoperability
Details
2.3.1. Competition
Details
2.3.2. Innovativeness
Details
2.3.3. Data privacy
Details
2.3.4. Usability
Details
2.4. Result
Details
Chapter 3. Interoperability obligation according to the EKEK
Details
3.1. Applicability of the EKEK to messenger services
Details
3.1.1. Extension of the scope of application
Details
3.1.2. Messenger services as interpersonal communication services
Details
3.1.3. Types of interpersonal communication services
Details
3.2. Interoperability of services according to EECC
Details
3.2.1. Authorization to promote and ensure interoperability
Details
3.2.2. Interoperability of number-based communication services
Details
3.2.3. Interoperability of number-independent communication services
Details
3.2.3.a). Regulatory approach
Details
3.2.3.b). Threats to connectivity between end users
Details
3.2.3.c). Providers with significant coverage and user base
Details
3.2.3.d). Scope of the obligation
Details
Chapter 4. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
145–164
Six Problems with Facebook’s Oversight Board. Not enough contract law, too much human rights.
Mårten Schultz
Mårten Schultz
145–164
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
1.1. Background
Details
1.2. The Oversight Board: A very brief description
Details
An outline of the arguments of this article
Details
Chapter 2. The narrative
Details
Chapter 3. The bias
Details
Chapter 4. The rules
Details
Chapter 5. The process
Details
Chapter 6. The decisions
Details
Chapter 7. The power shift
Details
Chapter 8. Concluding Remarks
Details
Bibliography
Details
165–260
Screenshots: A Glance beyond the Transatlantic
165–260
165–186
„Open with Caution“. How Taiwan Approaches Platform Governance in the Global Market and Geopolitics
Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang
Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang
165–186
Details
Introduction
Details
Chapter 1. Taiwan, geopolitics, internet, and platforms
Details
Chapter 2. Why do Taiwan’s approaches (must) differ from the EU?
Details
Section 1. GAFAM is only part of the problem
Details
Section 2. GAFAM as potential partners
Details
Chapter 3. The uneven regulatory landscape in Taiwan
Details
Section 1. Early clashes
Details
Section 2. Updating the legal framework for ICT innovations
Details
Section 3. Combating disinformation
Details
Chapter 4. Addressing Chinese infiltration
Details
Chapter 5. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
187–214
Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work?
Izumi Aizu
Izumi Aizu
187–214
Details
Introduction: Three areas and two approaches to platform regulation
Details
Chapter 1. Hate speech regulation in Japan
Details
1.1. Hate speech in 2000s preceding the new legislation
Details
1.2. International voices pushed Japan to the New HSEA
Details
1.3. The Effect of HSEA challenged
Details
1.4. Hate Speech on the Internet
Details
1.5. Industry self-regulation on Internet content
Details
1.6. Local ordinances implemented
Details
1.7. Political and Social areas
Details
Chapter 2: Privacy and Personal Data Protection and Economic Concerns
Details
2.1. Economic concerns
Details
2.2. The formation process of the “Act on improving Transparency and Fairness of Digital Platform”
Details
2.3. Act on Improving Transparency and Fairness of Digital Platforms (AITFDP) enacted
Details
2.4. Privacy and Personal Data protection
Details
2.5. Transfer of personal data to a foreign country
Details
2.6. Tentative Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
Annex: Historical Relationship between Japan and Korea
Details
A.1. Ancient age to Middle Age
Details
A.2. Post WW II situation of Korean residents in Japan
Details
215–232
Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021
Siwal Ashwini
Siwal Ashwini
215–232
Details
Introduction
Details
Social Media in India: A prolegomenon
Details
The Legal Framework of Social Media Platforms in India
Details
Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021: A critical Analysis (Illustrative, not exhaustive)
Details
Regulating Social Media Intermediaries and Digital Media together: An Incongruous Approach
Details
Flawed Assumptions
Details
Originator Traceability: A Nemesis
Details
An Inchoate Attempt
Details
Regulating Overzealously
Details
Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
233–260
Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content Filtering
Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales
Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales
233–260
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. The Latin American landscape of social media governance: A brief overview of regulations in México, Colombia, Argentina and Chile
Details
Chapter 2.a. Intermediary Liability
Details
a) MEXICO
Details
b) COLOMBIA
Details
c) ARGENTINA
Details
d) CHILE
Details
Chapter 2.b. Personal Data Protection
Details
a) MEXICO
Details
b) COLOMBIA
Details
c) ARGENTINA AND CHILE
Details
Chapter 2.c. Rights to Honor and Reputation
Details
a) MEXICO
Details
b) COLOMBIA
Details
c) ARGENTINA
Details
d) CHILE
Details
Chapter 2.d. Other Regulatory Trends
Details
a) Hate speech
Details
b) The legal regulation of influencers
Details
Chapter 3. Intellectual Property Laws in the context of Social Media Platforms in Latin America: Regulating Copyrighted Content in Latin America
Details
Chapter 3.a. Overview of the Copyright System in Latin America and its Exceptions and Limitations
Details
a) Background: Berne and the Three-Step Rule
Details
b) Authors’ rights in copyrighted content from the user's standpoint: Are everyday practices of social media content-sharing illegal in Latin America? Is copyright affecting essential tasks on the int...
Details
c) Should exceptions and limitations in Latin America be reformed in order to adapt to the common practices in the digital environment? Is there a possibility of incorporating broader criteria, such a...
Details
Chapter 3.b. Notice and Take-Down: Content Filtering in Latin America
Details
a) The particular case of the new law in Mexico
Details
Chapter 4. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
261–364
Topic-based Regulation: Media Law and Data Protection
261–364
261–290
Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany
Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn
Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn
261–290
Details
Chapter 1. Increased need for truthful information on the Internet
Details
Chapter 2. State duty to protect the democratic discourse
Details
Chapter 3. Media law requirements for content on social networks
Details
Chapter 3.a. Journalistic standards of due diligence
Details
Chapter 3.b. Labelling of social bots
Details
Chapter 3.c. Labelling of political advertising
Details
Chapter 3.d. Interim conclusion
Details
Chapter 4. Media law requirements for content moderation on social networks
Details
Chapter 4.a. Specifications for recommendation and filtering systems
Details
a) Transparent recommendation algorithms
Details
b) Transparent filter algorithms
Details
c) Prohibition of discrimination of journalistic content
Details
d) Design specifications
Details
Chapter 4.b. Expeditious deletion of certain criminal content
Details
a) Establishment of voluntary self-regulation
Details
b) Case Study “Liberation of Germany from the Merkel Regime”
Details
Chapter 4.c. Civil court requirements for content moderation according to community standards
Details
a) Hate speech
Details
b) Fact-checking
Details
Chapter 4.d. Findability of truthful content in user interfaces
Details
Chapter 5. Interim conclusion
Details
Chapter 6. High requirements as to content of public service media
Details
Chapter 6.a. Public service broadcaster as “counterweight”
Details
Chapter 6.b. Expansion of entitlements for online program
Details
Chapter 6.c. Further development into a public interest-oriented platform
Details
Chapter 6.d. Funding of public service content
Details
Chapter 7. Overview of instruments
Details
Chapter 8. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
291–328
Reshaping Canada’s Broadcasting Act: Solutions in Search of a Problem?
Michael Geist
Michael Geist
291–328
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. The Long Road to Internet Regulation
Details
Chapter 3. Change in Government, Change in Policy
Details
Chapter 4. A Shift in Approach: Harnessing Change
Details
Chapter 5. BTLR report
Details
Chapter 6. The Government Responds to the Yale Report: Bill C-10
Details
Chapter 7. Responding to a fictional content crisis
Details
Chapter 8. The myth of the level playing field
Details
Chapter 9. Missing economic thresholds
Details
Chapter 10. Removing Canadian ownership requirements
Details
Chapter 11. Discoverability requirements
Details
Chapter 12. Downgrading the Role of Canadians in their Own Programming
Details
Chapter 13. The “Regulate Everything” Approach
Details
Chapter 14. Risk to Canadian Ownership of Intellectual Property
Details
Chapter 15. Mandated Confidential Data Disclosures May Keep Companies Out of Canada
Details
Chapter 16. Mandated Payments Likely to Bring in Less Than the Government Claims
Details
Chapter 17. Misleading Comparison to the European Union
Details
Chapter 18. Bill C-10 and the Regulation of User Generated Content
Details
Chapter 19. The Bill C-10 Endgame
Details
Bibliography
Details
329–350
The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms
Lorna Woods
Lorna Woods
329–350
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. Data Protection
Details
Chapter 3. Cambridge Analytica and the Use of Data for Political Purposes
Details
Chapter 4. Online Advertising
Details
Chapter 5. Age Appropriate Design Code
Details
Chapter 6. Competition and Markets Authority
Details
Chapter 7. Competition Policy
Details
Chapter 8. Consumer Protection
Details
Chapter 9. Internet Safety and Online Harms
Details
Chapter 10. Conclusions
Details
Bibliography
Details
351–364
Social Media Users Data Access: Russian Legal Approach
Juliya Kharitonova, Larissa Sannikova
Juliya Kharitonova, Larissa Sannikova
351–364
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. VKontakte Case Study
Details
Chapter 3. Legal treatment of user data on social media under Russian law
Details
Chapter 3.a. Personal data
Details
Chapter 3.b. Sensitive personal data
Details
Chapter 3.c. Personal data in the public domain
Details
Chapter 4. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
365–506
Hate Speech on Platforms
365–506
365–414
Protecting Democratic Expression Online: Canada’s Work in Progress
Richard Janda
Richard Janda
365–414
Details
I. Canada’s existing legal framework
Details
a. No equivalent to NetzDG
Details
b. All-but non-existent role of government agencies
Details
c. Criminal law provisions
Details
d. The Canada-U.S.-Mexico Trade Agreement
Details
II. Reports on directions for law reform
Details
a. Taking Action to End Online Hate
Details
b. Canada's communications future: Time to act
Details
c. Defamation Law in the Internet Age
Details
The Commission also recommended that there be “a takedown obligation on intermediary
Details
d. Report of the Citizens’ Assembly on Democratic Expression
Details
e. Canadian Commission on Democratic Expression
Details
III. Bill C-36
Details
a. Definition of hate speech and hatred
Details
b. Peace bond
Details
c. Canadian Human Rights Act
Details
d. Ideas not retained
Details
IV. The Digital Citizen Initiative Consultation Papers
Details
V. Final critical observations
Details
Bibliography
Details
415–432
Lessons learned from the first years with the NetzDG
Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick
Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick
415–432
Details
I. Introduction - Balance between State Sovereignty and Economic Freedom
Details
II. The Approach of the NetzDG
Details
1. Compliance approach
Details
2. Terminology
Details
a) Addressees: social networks
Details
b) The most important term: illegal content
Details
3. Complaints management
Details
a) Establishment of a complaint management system
Details
b) The Danger of Overblocking
Details
c) Establishment of regulated self-regulation
Details
4. Transparency obligations: Conflict between NetzDG and community standards – Facebook case study
Details
5. Conclusion
Details
III. Amending the NetzDG
Details
1. Countercomplaints procedure
Details
2. Transparency rules
Details
3. Regulatory supervision
Details
a) Powers of intervention
Details
b) Duty to cooperate – Duty to report
Details
4. Out-of-court conciliation
Details
IV. Outlook
Details
Bibliography
Details
433–450
Platform Governance at the Periphery: Moderation, Shutdowns and Intervention
Giovanni De Gregorio, Nicole Stremlau
Giovanni De Gregorio, Nicole Stremlau
433–450
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. An initial response: Criminalising online hate and disinformation
Details
3. Internet shutdowns and the control of narratives
Details
4. Building consensus on interventions
Details
5. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography:
Details
451–472
Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship?
Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou
Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou
451–472
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. International Human Rights Law: A Framework of First Reference?
Details
1. Pros and Cons to an IHRL approach to Online Content Moderation
Details
2. Article 20(2): An Analysis
Details
Chapter 3. The European Court of Human Rights: A Template to Avoid?
Details
Chapter 4. South Africa: A Good Practice Template
Details
Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
473–488
Online Shaming - a New Challenge for Criminal Justice
Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari
Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari
473–488
Details
1. Freedom of expression and social media
Details
2. Shaming as harmful action online
Details
3. Criminalizing online shaming?
Details
3.1 Conduct initiating shaming action
Details
3.2 Conduct participating in shaming action
Details
4. Conclusions
Details
Bibliography
Details
489–506
The Role of Occupational Safety and Health Legislation in Hate Speech Regulation. Employers’ responsibility to prevent and respond to the risk of hate speech at work – the Finnish perspective
Enni Ala-Mikkula
Enni Ala-Mikkula
489–506
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. The case of the Finnish Occupational Safety and Health Act
Details
2.1. Employers’ general obligations and the aim of preventing the risk of hate speech at work
Details
2.2. Employers’ risk-specific responsibilities and responses to the risk of hate speech at work
Details
2.3. Concrete safety measures based on responsibilities
Details
Chapter 3. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
507–584
Combating Disinformation
507–584
507–530
Platform (un)accountability. Reviewing Platform Responses to the Global Disinfodemic One Year Onward
Trisha Meyer, Alexandre Alaphilippe
Trisha Meyer, Alexandre Alaphilippe
507–530
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Policy and theoretical context
Details
3. Methodology and dataset
Details
4. Platform-specific responses
Details
Facebook (Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Whatsapp)
Details
Google (Search, YouTube, AdSense)
Details
TikTok
Details
Twitter
Details
5. Comparison and key take-aways
Details
6. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
531–548
Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms
Elda Brogi, Konrad Bleyer-Simon
Elda Brogi, Konrad Bleyer-Simon
531–548
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. Disinformation and the threat to media pluralism
Details
Chapter 3. The Code of Practice on Disinformation
Details
Chapter 4. Limited impact
Details
Chapter 5. Some suggestions to address the shortcomings
Details
Chapter 6. Trustworthiness as a feature of the online information environment?
Details
Chapter 7. Conclusion
Details
Bibliography
Details
549–564
The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore
Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin
Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin
549–564
Details
Chapter 1. Introduction
Details
Chapter 2. Context
Details
Chapter 3. What is PoFMA/ How Does PoFMA Work
Details
Chapter 4. Issues
Details
Chapter 5. Use
Details
Chapter 6. Comparison with Other Jurisdictions
Details
Chapter 7. What Next
Details
Bibliography
Details
565–584
Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits
Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods
Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods
565–584
Details
1. Communication Platforms
Details
2. Effects of modern platform economy on public communication
Details
3. Platform harms
Details
4. How to deal with the harms?
Details
a. Defining a general duty of care standard
Details
b. Duty of standards in specific areas (sectors)
Details
c. Enforcing the duty of care standard: self-regulation, co-regulation or state supervision
Details
d. Supervision: allocating competences between competent authorities
Details
5. Final remarks: do we need a global regulation?
Details
Bibliography
Details
585–594
The Authors and Editors
585–594
Details
595–601
Index
595–601
Details
Durchsuchen Sie das Werk
Geben Sie ein Keyword in die Suchleiste ein
CC-BY-SA
Access
Perspectives on Platform Regulation , page 329 - 350
The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms
Autoren
Lorna Woods
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748929789-329
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-8557-5
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-2978-9
Chapter Preview
Chapter Preview
Share
Download PDF
Download citation
RIS
BibTeX
Copy DOI link
doi.org/10.5771/9783748929789-329
Share by email
Video schließen
Share by email Nomos eLibrary
Recipient*
Sender*
Message*
Your name
Send message
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy
and
Terms of Service
apply.
