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Legal Tech / Two Sides of the Same Coin. Possible Interactions Between Text-written Law and Computer Code in the Near Future
Legal Tech / Two Sides of the Same Coin. Possible Interactions Between Text-written Law and Computer Code in the Near Future
Contents
Chapter
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Authors
Page
1–10
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–10
Details
11–14
Introduction
11–14
Details
19–484
PART ONE Information Technology Tools in the Administration of Justice: Definitions, Possibilities, Barriers, Doubts
19–484
19–98
SECTION ONE. The Concept of Legal Technology and its Borderlands
19–98
19–28
The Concept of Legal Technology (LegalTech) and Legal Engineering
Dariusz Szostek
Dariusz Szostek
19–28
Details
1. Definition
Details
2. The Categorisation of LegalTech
Details
3. The Scope of the Concept of LegalTech vis-à-vis Other Concepts, such as RegTech, FinTech, Insure Tech, or Legal Informatics
Details
4. The Consequences of Development of LegalTech
Details
5. Legal Engineering
Details
29–66
Algorithmisation and Tokenisation of Law
Rafał Prabucki, Rafał Skibicki, Dariusz Szostek, Jakub Wyczik
Rafał Prabucki, Rafał Skibicki, Dariusz Szostek, Jakub Wyczik
29–66
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Code, Algorithms, Algorithmic Technology
Details
3. Law as a Code
Details
4. Tokenization of Assets
Details
4.2. Types of Tokens - the Basic Knowledge of Every Legal Engineer
Details
4.3. Comparative Legal Analysis of Selected Regulations Regarding the Token. Will the European Union Synthesise It?
Details
4.4. What about Lawyers When the Code Becomes Law? Selected Legal Challenges of Tokenisation
Details
5. Control of Codes and LegalTech
Details
5.1. Introduction
Details
5.2. Prior control
Details
5.3. Follow-up actions
Details
5.4. Soft Law
Details
6. Summary
Details
67–80
Borderlands of the Law and Technology: from Digital Machines to LegalTech
Maria Dymitruk
Maria Dymitruk
67–80
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Searching for Information on the Law
Details
3. The Automation of Legal Decision-Making Processes
Details
4. Conclusions
Details
81–98
Legal Tech - Bringing Law into the “Twentieth” Century
Tomasz Grzegory, Janos Puskas
Tomasz Grzegory, Janos Puskas
81–98
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. “If Only I Had the Right Questions!” Where Are We and Where Do We Go in the Legal Tech?
Details
3. What’s Hot in the Legal Tech?
Details
4. ‘All that Glitters Is Not Gold’
Details
5. So, What Does ‘Artificial Intelligence’ Really Mean in the Legal Tech?
Details
6. Do Machines Understand Us?
Details
7. E-discovery - Where Work Became Technology Assisted
Details
8. OK Google, Negotiate! When Do Lawyers Become Obsolete?
Details
101–162
SECTION TWO. Towards Algorithmic Legal Reasoning and Law-Making
101–162
101–128
Computational Legal Problem Solving. What can Legal Tech Learn from AI and Law Research, and Beyond?
Michal Araszkiewicz
Michal Araszkiewicz
101–128
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Modeling Legal Reasoning and Argumentation
Details
3. Computational Intelligence for Legal Tasks: How to Combine it with Symbolic Legal Reasoning Models
Details
4. Conclusions
Details
129–140
Computer Aided Legislation
Wojciech Cyrul
Wojciech Cyrul
129–140
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. The Role of Technology in the Darfting and Accesing of Legal Texts
Details
3. Computerization of the Texts of Legal Acts
Details
4. Machine Consumable Legislation
Details
Conclusions
Details
141–162
Two Sides of the Same Coin. Possible Interactions Between Text-written Law and Computer Code in the Near Future
Patryk Ciurak
Patryk Ciurak
141–162
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Interpretation of Law and Interpretation of Code
Details
3. Testing Code and Testing Law
Details
4. The Beginning of the Road
Details
165–332
SECTION THREE. Possibilities of Applying LegalTech Tools in Legal Practice
165–332
165–178
The Changing Role of the Lawyer. The Case of Digital Accessibility.
Ewa Fabian, Przemyslaw Polanski
Ewa Fabian, Przemyslaw Polanski
165–178
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Case study: using LegalTech tools in measuring digital accessibility
Details
3. Lawyer's analysis of digital accessibility - methodology
Details
4. Assistive technology - a new weapon in the LegalTech lawyer's arsenal?
Details
5. Tools for testing digital accessibility in American court proceedings
Details
6. Software used in expert witness testimony in the US and Poland
Details
7. Summary
Details
179–194
LegalTech in Law Firms and the Work of In-house Lawyers
Iga Kurowska, Kamil Szpyt
Iga Kurowska, Kamil Szpyt
179–194
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. LegalTech 1.0
Details
2.1. The Most Popular Tools
Details
2.2. Best Practices in Omplementing LegalTech 1.0 Solutions.
Details
3. LegalTech 2.0
Details
3.1. General Remarks
Details
3.2. Document Management Automation Software
Details
3.3. Chatbots
Details
3.4. Artificial Intelligence
Details
3.5. Blockchain
Details
4. LegalTech 3.0
Details
5. Summary
Details
195–222
Implementation of LegalTech Solutions in a Law Firm – Methodology of Risk Assessment and Risk Management
Malgorzata Kurowska
Malgorzata Kurowska
195–222
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. General Principles
Details
2.1. Principle of Proportionality
Details
2.2. Principle of Transparency
Details
2.3. Principle of Accountability
Details
2.4. Due Dilligence
Details
3. Information Classification and Process Evaluation
Details
3.1. Preliminary Analysis and Classification of Information
Details
How to classify information
Details
Context of Solution Implementation
Details
Assessing the Acceptability of Implementing the LegalTech Solution
Details
4. Risk Assessment
Details
4.1. Risk-based Approach
Details
Risk-based Approach in Implementing LegalTech
Details
4.2. Risk Analysis
Details
Identification of Risk Areas
Details
Risk Identification
Details
Risk Impact Assessment
Details
Determination of the Likelihood of a Risk Occurring
Details
Estimation of Overall Risk Value
Details
Issues to be Analysed
Details
4.3. Simplified Risk Analysis
Details
4.4. Risk Response Strategy
Details
Designation of Responsible Persons
Details
4.5. Identification of Countermeasures
Details
4.6. Risk Monitoring
Details
5. Conclusion
Details
223–250
LegalTech and Coud Computing
Katarzyna Biczysko-Pudelko
Katarzyna Biczysko-Pudelko
223–250
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Cloud Computing 1.0
Details
3. Cloud Computing 2.0 - or Multi-Cloud in the Work of Lawyers.
Details
4. Cloud Computing 3.0
Details
4.1 General Remarks
Details
4.2. Smart Contract and Personal Data
Details
4.2 Cloud Computing and Electronic Communications
Details
5. Summary
Details
251–266
Legal Tech in the Law Enforcement Agencies
Maria Dymitruk
Maria Dymitruk
251–266
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Possible Legal Tech Application by the Law Enforcement Agencies
Details
2.1. Legal Tech on Administrative and Organisational Activities
Details
2.2. Legal Tech in Substantive Activities
Details
2.2.1. Crime Prediction
Details
2.2.2. Automated Detection of Crime and Offenders
Details
2.2.3. Automatic Evidence Analysis
Details
2.2.4. Automating Decision-Making Processes
Details
3. Legal Tech in Law Enforcement - a Regulatory Perspective
Details
4. Summary
Details
267–286
Smart Contracts, Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in the Work of a Lawyer
Agnieszka Kubiak-Cyrul, Dariusz Szostek
Agnieszka Kubiak-Cyrul, Dariusz Szostek
267–286
Details
1. Blockchain, DLT – a Foundation of LegalTech
Details
2. Influence of Blockchain on the New Paperless Approach. Datafication of the Law.
Details
3. Using Blockchain in LegalTech
Details
5. Definition of a smart contract
Details
6. Examples of the application of the smart contract in LegalTech
Details
7. Legal problems connected with the use of smart contracts in LegalTech
Details
8. Summary: Should lawyers be smart?
Details
287–298
Legal Tech vs Data in Organisation
Malgorzata Kurowska
Malgorzata Kurowska
287–298
Details
1. Data vs Information
Details
2. Information Classification as an Information Security Tool
Details
3. Information Processing via LegalTech Tools
Details
4. Liability for Data Security
Details
5. France
Details
6. Poland
Details
7. Germany
Details
8. Conclusion
Details
299–314
LegalTech Insurance
Kamil Szpyt
Kamil Szpyt
299–314
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Insurance in the Legal Sector - Past, Present and Future
Details
2.1. The Past - Professional Liability Insurance
Details
2.2. The Present - Cyber Risk Insurance
Details
2.3. The Future - Civil Liability Insurance of Artificial Intelligence System Operator
Details
3. Summary
Details
315–332
Basic Principles for the Effective Use of Legal Tech Tools
Tomasz Zalewski
Tomasz Zalewski
315–332
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Examples of Typical LegalTech 1.0 Products and Services
Details
3. What Is LegalTech 1.0 Used For?
Details
4. How to Implement and Use LegalTech 1.0 Tools?
Details
5. LegalTech 2.0 - a Breakthrough in the Way We Think
Details
6. How to Implement and Use LegalTech 2.0 Tools?
Details
7. How to Find an Area to Use LegalTech 2.0 Tools?
Details
8. LegalTech 2.0 and the Expectations of Lawyers and Clients
Details
9. Unstoppable Trend
Details
335–404
SECTION FOUR. Possibilities of Applying AI-based LegalTech Tools in Legal Practice
335–404
335–346
AI and the Work of Lawyers in the Light of the Council of Europe Guidelines
Marek Swierczynski
Marek Swierczynski
335–346
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2 Definition of Artificial Intelligence
Details
3. The "Black Box" Problem in AI Decision Making Process
Details
4. Council of Europe Work on Artificial Intelligence
Details
5. Council of Europe Guidelines on Common Courts Digitalisation
Details
6. Summary and Conclusions
Details
347–360
AI In Law Firms
Gabriela Wiktorzak
Gabriela Wiktorzak
347–360
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. AI i rozwój praktyki prawa
Details
3. AI for legal in-house teams and law firms
Details
3.1. Document analysis – Document Review and E-discovery
Details
3.2. Contract review/management software
Details
3.3. Legal information systems and predictive analytics
Details
4. Compliance. Risk management
Details
5. Summary
Details
361–374
Artificial Intelligence in the Law Firm of the Future
Gabriela Bar
Gabriela Bar
361–374
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Robo-assistant: Support for the Lawyers and Client Advisor
Details
3. Augmented Intelligence: Centaurs and Cyborgs
Details
4. Artificial Lawyer
Details
5. Instead of a Summary: Why Changes to Natural Intelligence Are Necessary
Details
375–386
LegalTech in a Law Office in the context of Standardization and Autonomic Intelligence
Michal Wódczak
Michal Wódczak
375–386
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Legal Services and Standardization
Details
3. Technology and Legislation
Details
4. Legal Processes and Autonomics
Details
5. Agent Systems and Definition of a Thing
Details
6. Conclusion
Details
387–404
LegalTech in the Judiciary: Technological Developments and the Future of the Court System
Mariusz Zalucki
Mariusz Zalucki
387–404
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Experience with LegalTech in the judiciary
Details
3. AI in the judiciary
Details
4. The potential of AI in the context of the functioning of the judiciary of the future
Details
5. Dilemmas related to AI and the judiciary of the future
Details
6. Conclusions
Details
407–484
SECTION FIVE. Possibilities of Applying LegalTech Tools in Legal Communication
407–484
407–414
Self Sovereign Identity
Michal Tabor
Michal Tabor
407–414
Details
1. Electronic Identification
Details
2. Distributed Confirmations
Details
415–432
Electronic Delivery
Sylwester Szczepanik, Michal Tabor
Sylwester Szczepanik, Michal Tabor
415–432
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Correspondence Exchange - Terminological Remarks
Details
3. Horizontal Exchange of Correspondence
Details
4. Hierarchical Exchange of Correspondence
Details
5. Electronic Delivery - eIDAS Regulation
Details
6. Qualified Electronic Delivery Service
Details
7. Polish Act on Electronic Delivery
Details
7.1. Introduction
Details
7.2. Common Address Infrastructure
Details
7.3. Reception and Mailing Boxes
Details
7.4. Mandatory Address for the Legal Profession
Details
8. Qualified Electronic Delivery in Selected EU Member States
Details
9. The PEPPOL System - Description of the Solution Today and Development Prospects
Details
433–462
Electronic Communication
Anna Zalesinska, Dariusz Szostek
Anna Zalesinska, Dariusz Szostek
433–462
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Transmission of Data and Making Data Available
Details
3. Data Sharing
Details
3.1. Introduction
Details
3.2 Automation of Processes Through Use of Aggregated Data
Details
3.3 Searching Through Data
Details
4. Communication by Using IT Solutions
Details
4.1. Communication Within an Organisation
Details
4.2. Communication with Parties from Outside an Organisation
Details
5. Electronic Services in LegalTech
Details
5.1. Introduction
Details
5.2. Information and Interaction Services
Details
5.3. Transactional and Integrative Services. Personalisation as the Fifth Stage of Maturity for e-Services
Details
6. New Approach to Directness
Details
6.1. Introduction
Details
6.2. Electronic Hearings According to the Example of European States
Details
7. Electronic Service of Process
Details
7.1. Poland
Details
463–472
Cyber Security, Cyber Hygiene or Cyber Fiction of our Time
Tomasz Chomicki
Tomasz Chomicki
463–472
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Cybersecurity
Details
3. Cybers Hygiene – A Security Package
Details
4. AI and ML vs Internet Security
Details
5. The Forecast of the Future
Details
473–484
Information Security in Legal Firms
Robert Pajak
Robert Pajak
473–484
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. The Concept of Information Security, Data Protection and Cyber security
Details
3. Information Security Planning to Secure Law Firm
Details
3.1 General Comments. Sources of Information Security Best Practices.
Details
3.2. ISO 27001
Details
3.3. NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF)
Details
3.4. CIS Controls/CIS Benchmarks
Details
3.5. Industry Guidelines
Details
3.5.1. International Bar Association
Details
3.5.2. Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe
Details
4. Other Law Firm Information Security and Protection Challenges
Details
4.1. Roles and Responsibilities
Details
4.2. „Digital Hygiene”
Details
4.3. Insider Threats
Details
4.4. Multi-layer Security
Details
4.5. Outsourcing
Details
5. Summary. Security Is a Process.
Details
487–614
PART TWO Use of Information Technology Tools in the Administration of Justice of Selected Countries
487–614
487–502
Brazil
Thiago Santos Rocha
Thiago Santos Rocha
487–502
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Legaltech in Brazil
Details
3. Blockchain and DLT in Government Systems
Details
4. Online Court Proceedings
Details
5. Artificial Intelligence in the Justice System
Details
6. Plans for the Future
Details
7. Final Considerations
Details
503–520
China
Maddalena Castellani
Maddalena Castellani
503–520
Details
1. LegalTech used in the country: courts, law firms, arbitration
Details
Bejing Internet Court
Details
2. Blockchain and DLT in government systems. Whether there are judicial systems or other registers using blockchain. Legal provisions linking a blockchain entry to a legal presumption.
Details
4. Online court proceedings. Are it acceptable, in what way, the way of communication, what information systems are used. How is the judgment issued. Is the connection from the court or can it be made...
Details
5. AI in the justice system. How is it used. Is it permissible to make automatic decisions. China’s Netcourt use AI in the justice system.
Details
521–526
France
Iga Kurowska
Iga Kurowska
521–526
Details
1. A progressive but satisfactory Legaltech adoption by French law firms
Details
2. An ambitious but underperformed digital transformation of the French justice system
Details
3. E-delivery
Details
4. Plans for the future
Details
527–542
Germany
Wilfried Bernhardt
Wilfried Bernhardt
527–542
Details
1. LegalTech used in Germany: courts, law firms, arbitration
Details
1.1. Courts
Details
1.2. Law firms
Details
1.3. Arbitration
Details
2. Blockchain and DLT in government systems. Whether there are judicial systems or other registers using blockchain. Legal provisions linking a blockchain entry to a legal presumption.
Details
3. Electronic communication with the court. Legal basis, method of communication, transmission of documents.
Details
4. Online court proceedings. Are they acceptable, in what way, the way of communication, what information systems are used? How is the judgment issued? Is the connection from the court or can it be ma...
Details
5. AI in the justice system and automatic decisions.
Details
6. The plans for the future.
Details
543–552
Hungary
Zsolt Ződi
Zsolt Ződi
543–552
Details
1. The Use of Legal Technology in Hungary – General Picture
Details
1.1. Introduction
Details
1.2. Technology at the Courts
Details
1.3. Technology at the Public Prosecutors’ Organisation
Details
1.4. Technology at Law Firms
Details
2. Blockchain within the Government
Details
3. Electronic Communication on the Courts
Details
3.1. A Short History of Electronic Litigation in Hungary
Details
3.2. Legal Basis
Details
3.3. Details of the electronic communication with courts
Details
3.4. Special Electronic Procedures that are Highly Automatised
Details
3.4.1. Company Registration Procedure.
Details
3.4.2. Order for Payment Procedure.
Details
4. Online Procedures
Details
5. Use of Artificial Intelligence, and Automated Decision-making
Details
6. Future Plans
Details
553–582
Italy
Pierpaolo Marano, Mario Zanin, Enrico Maria Scavone
Pierpaolo Marano, Mario Zanin, Enrico Maria Scavone
553–582
Details
1. Introduction
Details
2. Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs)
Details
2.1. Legal definition of DLTs and smart contract
Details
2.2. Institutional and governmental initiatives
Details
2.3. Applications of DLTs in the legal sector
Details
3. Legal Tech and dispute resolutions
Details
3.1. Notifications of procedural documents by electronic means
Details
3.2. Filing of procedural documents and evidence by electronic means
Details
3.3. Computer trial dossier
Details
3.4. Creation of computer document
Details
3.5. Communication of the sentence and access to consultation services
Details
4. Civil judicial proceedings during epidemiological emergency
Details
5. Alternative dispute resolution systems
Details
6. Conclusive remarks
Details
583–586
Lithuania
Vytautas Nekrošius
Vytautas Nekrošius
583–586
Details
1. To which extent are LegalTech means used in your country: in courts, arbitrations, law firms?
Details
2. Are Blockchain and DLT technologies used in courts or other public institutions?
Details
3. Electronic communication with courts. Regulatory framework, delivery and submission of documents. Is electronic signature required? How does communication with the persons other than natural person...
Details
Future plans
Details
587–596
Mexico
Mauro Arturo Rivera León
Mauro Arturo Rivera León
587–596
Details
1. LegalTech used in Mexico
Details
2. Blockchain and DLT in government systems.
Details
3. Electronic communication with the Court.
Details
4. Online court proceedings.
Details
5. AI in the justice system.
Details
6. Future plans and challenges.
Details
597–614
Poland
Aleksandra Partyk
Aleksandra Partyk
597–614
Details
Introduction
Details
Electronic writ of payment procedure
Details
Programs used for managing court proceedings and secretariat’s work (Sawa, Sędzia-2)
Details
Software used for recording court sessions
Details
Software used for operating remote court hearings
Details
Information Portals
Details
PESEL-SAD
Details
System of Random Allocation of Cases
Details
Summary
Details
615–616
Summary of the book
615–616
Details
617–628
About the authors
617–628
Details
629–673
Bibliography
629–673
Details
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Legal Tech , page 141 - 162
Two Sides of the Same Coin. Possible Interactions Between Text-written Law and Computer Code in the Near Future
Autoren
Patryk Ciurak
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748922834-141
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-7879-9
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-2283-4
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