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Pablo Gavira Díaz - The Liability for Attacks against Immovable Cultural Objects in International Criminal Law

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Pablo Gavira Díaz

The Liability for Attacks against Immovable Cultural Objects in International Criminal Law

Series: Schriften zum Kunst- und Kulturrecht

Volume 36 2022

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Chapter 3: The Criminal Liability for Attacks against Cultural Objects S. 215-409

„… The Criminal Liability for Attacks against Cultural ObjectsIntroduction: A Historical OverviewFirst …” „… Liability for Attacks against Cultural Objects216tribunal is essential and should be established”,890 …” „… Criminal Liability for Attacks against Cultural Objects218July 1921,902 ended in acquittals or were …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… Individual Criminal LiabilitySchriften zum Kunst- und KulturrechtHerausgegeben vonProf. Dr. Frank Fechner …” „… Reform of the Existing Gaps in Individual Criminal LiabilityNomosThe Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists …” „… International Criminal LawThe Need for Reform of the Existing Gaps in Individual Criminal LiabilityPablo Gavira …”

General Introduction S. 25-27

„… General IntroductionThe liability for attacks against cultural objects in international criminal …”

Chapter 2: The Protection of Cultural Objects against Attacks in Time of Peace S. 126-214

„… Nicosia Convention recognises liability of legal persons (commercial companies, associations and similar …”

Chapter 1: The Protection of Cultural Objects against Attacks in Time of War S. 28-125

doi.org/10.5771/9783748911104

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer - Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things

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Sebastian Lohsse (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.), Dirk Staudenmayer (ed.)

Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things

2019

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Gerhard Wagner Robot Liability S. 25-62

„… Traditional Liability Requirements and New Sources of Damages Robot Liability Gerhard Wagner* The …” „… , technological progress has served as a driver of innovation for liability systems.1 The arrival of the railroad …” „… Civil Law Rules on Robotics identified civil liability for damages caused by robots as ‘a crucial issue …”

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer Liability for Artificial Intelligence S. 9-24

„… Introduction Liability for Artificial Intelligence Sebastian Lohsse / Reiner Schulze / Dirk …” „… Staudenmayer* Artificial Intelligence and Liability Challenges Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology of …” „… alongside contract law: non-contractual liability or ‘tort law’ as it is called in the Common law and …”

Gerald Spindler User Liability and Strict Liability in the Internet of Things and for Robots S. 125-144

„… User Liability and Strict Liability in the Internet of Things and for Robots Gerald Spindler …” „… health. Hence, product safety and liability for products has become more im‐ portant than ever before …” „… of new technologies (II.), briefly reviewing the state of the art concerning liability for …”

Giovanni Comandé Multilayered (Accountable) Liability for Artificial Intelligence S. 165-184

„… Multilayered (Accountable) Liability for Artificial Intelligence Giovanni Comandé* The networking …” „… liability regime that can be envis‐ aged for these technologies would require for (technological) reasons …” „… employable by any chosen liability regime2. Datasets are actively constructed and data do not necessarily …”

Cristina Amato Product Liability and Product Security: Present and Future S. 77-96

„… Product Liability and Product Security: Present and Future Cristina Amato* Introduction According …” „… result into producer’s liability. In the European legislator’s intent, Art 6 seems to implement the …” „… , ‘Product Liability: Basic Prob‐ lems in a Comparative Law Perspective’ in Duncan Fairgrieve (ed), Product …”

Bernhard A Koch Product Liability 2.0 – Mere Update or New Version? S. 97-116

„… New Approaches: Basis for Liability and Addressees Product Liability 2.0 – Mere Update or New …” „… apply‐ ing the standard concepts of tort law in general and of product liability in particular to …” „… into the Products Liability Directive (PLD)1 can still be used.2 After all, technology has clearly …”

Georg Borges New Liability Concepts: the Potential of Insurance and Compensation Funds S. 145-164

„… New Liability Concepts: the Potential of Insurance and Compensation Funds Georg Borges …” „… überflüssig?’ [2017] ZRP 168. New Liability Concepts: the Potential of Insurance and Compensation Funds 147 It …” „… of autonomous systems. The liability system for autonomous systems Compulsory insurance for users or …”

Herbert Zech Liability for Autonomous Systems: Tackling Specific Risks of Modern IT S. 185-200

„… New Approaches: Form of Liability Liability for Autonomous Systems: Tackling Specific Risks of …” „… ever-increas‐ ing complexity. These new technologies cause the emergence of new spe‐ cific risks. Liability law …” „… for product liability).7 The capability of selflearning may be described as autonomy. According to …”

Ernst Karner Liability for Robotics: Current Rules, Challenges, and the Need for Innovative Concepts S. 117-124

„… Liability for Robotics: Current Rules, Challenges, and the Need for Innovative Concepts Ernst …” „… liability claims resulting from the activities of autonomous systems can already be resolved with …” „… consider fault liability, respon‐ sibility for auxiliaries, and risk-based and product liabilities. Fault …”

Miquel Martín-Casals Causation and Scope of Liability in the Internet of Things (IoT) S. 201-228

„… Causation and Scope of Liability in the Internet of Things (IoT) Miquel Martín-Casals* Introduction …” „… Liability Directive or PLD), refers to personal injury and property damage only, this paper will focus on …” „… problems that may arise in the scope of liability area. Technological change and legal response At the …”

Jean-Sébastien Borghetti How can Artificial Intelligence be Defective? S. 63-76

„… liability is definitely one of them. Who can be held liable for damage associated with the IoT or AI, and …” „… can or should trigger liability associ‐ ated with the IoT or AI. The element that triggers liability …” „… expression is often translated into English as the ‘event giving rise to liability’), de‐ pends on the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Sebastian Lohsse/Reiner …” „… .indd 2 01.02.19 11:45 Sebastian Lohsse/Reiner Schulze/Dirk Staudenmayer (eds.) Liability for …” „… / Staudenmayer, Dirk Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Münster Colloquia on EU Law …”

Eva Lux Consequences of Digitalization from the National Legislator’s Point of View – Report on a Working Group S. 229-234

„… together with a number of experts working on issues concerning robotics and liability. As a result of …” „… a gap of liability. Not only for this very important issue but also regarding some other crucial …” „… blockchain-tech‐ nology. Regarding liability for autonomous systems, the group focuses on two issues: autonomous …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845294797

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 41 Mutual Liability S. 1238

„… carrier, only between the contracting and the actual carrier.1 Article 40 Respective Liability of …” „… liability also extends to the segment(s) performed by the actual carrier. The passenger or consignor may …” „… parties; in such case, however, the liability of the actual carrier is limited to the segment(s) performed …”

Klaus Ramming Article 16 Liability for loss S. 1035-1039

„… document must be signed by or on behalf of the carrier (see Article 11.2). II. Liability for costs Article …” „… given. III. Liability for freight Finally, Article 15 (d) clarifies that in case the goods are …” „… in the contract of carriage. Chapter V Liability of the carrier Article 16 Liability for loss 1. The …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 26 Basis of liability S. 1104-1105

„… Liability of the Carrier Chapter I Liability in case of Death of, or Personal Injury to, Passengers Article …” „… 26 Basis of liability The carrier shall be liable for the loss or damage resulting from the death of …” „… UR the strict liability of the carrier arises in relation to the operation of the railway – this …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 23 Basis of liability S. 1155-1156

„… non-saleable goods. Title III Liability Article 23 Basis of liability The carrier shall be liable for loss or …” „… carrier’s liability during the period between taking over the goods and delivering the goods. The maximum …” „… limit of this causal (strict) liability of the carrier with respect to the customer in the event of …”

Klaus Ramming Article 18 Special exonerations from liability S. 1042-1044

„… ”. The decision clarified that the exonerations and limitations of liability afforded to the carrier in …” „… liability installed in favour of the carrier. Article 17.3 affords all exonerations and limitations of …” „… liability the carrier is entitled to invoke to his servants and agents. This concerns only claims for loss …”

Klaus Ramming Article 20 Maximum limits of liability S. 1047-1051

„… to wastage during carriage. The provision clarifies that the carrier’s liability is limited for that …” „… at the place of destination. The exclusion of liability applies irrespective of the length of the …” „… carriage. Article 19.4 seeks to exclude the carrier’s liability for normal wastage as defined in the …”

Klaus Ramming Article 8 Liability of the shipper S. 1016-1018

„… . Article 8 Liability of the shipper 1. The shipper shall, even if no fault can be attributed to him, be …” „… documents are missing, inaccurate or incomplete. The carrier may not avail himself of the liability of the …” „… omissions were his own. Introduction Article 8 is a special provision dealing with the shipper’s liability …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 53 Special principles of liability S. 1119

„… of liability, on whatever grounds, may be brought against the carrier only subject to the conditions …” „… in respect of liability, whether based on contract of carriage or not, only according to the …” „… conditions set by the CIV UR. Title V Liability of the Passenger Article 53 Special principles of liability …”

Article 32 Regional provisions concerning liability S. 1070

„… declaration to that effect. Article 32 Regional provisions concerning liability 1. Each State may, at the time …” „… knowledge that such damage would probably result. 2. The provision concerning liability referred to in …” „… the entry into force of the Convention for that State, the provision concerning liability referred to …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 28 Liability and financial assurances S. 1388

„… Authority may waive the inviolability and immunity conferred by paragraph 4. Chapter VII Liability of the …” „… Registrar Article 28 Liability and financial assurances 1. The Registrar shall be liable for compensatory …” „… Cape Town Convention Chapter VII Liability of the Registrar 1388 Gilles Cuniberti …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 31 Liability for wastage in transit S. 1164

„… of or damage to his goods. Article 31 Liability for wastage in transit In respect of goods which, by …” „… ; b) one per cent of the mass for dry goods. The limitation of liability provided for in § 1 may not …” „… the place of destination. Art. 32 COTIF/CIM Title III Liability 1164 Erik Evtimov and Tatyana …”

Klaus Ramming Article 21 Loss of right to limit liability S. 1052

„… Article 21 Loss of right to limit liability 1. The carrier or the actual carrier is not entitled to …” „… the exonerations and limits of liability provided for in this Convention or in the contract of …” „… the exonerations and limits of liability provided for in this Convention or in the contract of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 50 Liability in case of nuclear incidents S. 1118

„… the 1990 Protocol of Revision. Article 50 Liability in case of nuclear incidents The carrier shall be …” „… relieved of liability pursuant to these Uniform Rules for loss or damage caused by a nuclear incident when …” „… loss or damage pursuant to the laws and prescriptions of a State governing liability in the field of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 39 Liability in case of nuclear incidents S. 1169

„… included as grounds for exoneration. Liability in rail-sea traffic is thus more severe than that according …” „… combines selected elements of liability regime for maritime carriage of goods and the provisions of → Art …” „… Liability in case of nuclear incidents The carrier shall be relieved of liability pursuant to these Uniform …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 40 Respective Liability of Contracting and Actual Carriers S. 1238

„… carrier, only between the contracting and the actual carrier.1 Article 40 Respective Liability of …” „… liability also extends to the segment(s) performed by the actual carrier. The passenger or consignor may …” „… parties; in such case, however, the liability of the actual carrier is limited to the segment(s) performed …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 38 Liability in respect of rail-sea traffic S. 1168

„… the minimum lump sum was omitted. Article 38 Liability in respect of rail-sea traffic In rail-sea …” „… the following grounds for exemption from liability in their entirety to those provided for in Article …” „… accordance with Article 24 § 1 of the Convention, the liability regime applicable to that route must be the …”

Klaus Ramming Article 22 Application of the exonerations and limits of liability S. 1053

„… entitled to the exonerations and limits of liability. This would apply to the privileges afforded in …” „… the value of the goods, or the limitations of liability of Article 20. The LG Stade found that in case …” „… limitations of liability provided for in CMNI as well as in the contract of carriage. The same applies to the …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 48 Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability S. 1117

„… relating to liability for luggage shall apply to vehicles. According to Article 47 of the CIV UR, → Art …” „… . 36-43 of the CIV UR dealing with liability for registered luggage, shall apply mutatis mutandis also to …” „… the liability for vehicle (see commentaries to the respective articles above). Chapter IV Common …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 36 Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability S. 1167

„… liability The limits of liability provided for in Article 15 § 3, Article 19 §§ 6 and 7, Article 30 and …” „… the CIM UR. Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability is directly linked to the wrongful …” „… carriage by air, the limit for liability does not apply in the case of gross misconduct by the carrier as …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 22 Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo S. 1217-1220

„… prevented from limiting its liability under the amount of 113,100 SDR (see paragraph 1) or excluding it …” „… Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo 1. In the case of damage caused by delay as specified in …” „… Article 19 in the carriage of persons, the liability of the carrier for each passenger is limited to 4,150 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 24 Liability in case of carriage of railway vehicles as goods S. 1157

„… damage results from a risk which the attendant was intended to avert. The exemptions from liability in …” „… preferential or pre-emptive reasons for exemption of the carrier from liability included in sub-items (a) to (g …” „… considered to be a binding agreement with the carrier. Article 24 Liability in case of carriage of railway …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 32 Liability in case of cancellation, late running of trains or missed connections S. 1108-1109

„… CIV UR, the liability rules applicable to the supplementary carriage by a different mode shall apply …” „… relating to liability in case of death of, or personal injury to, passengers shall apply to loss or damage …” „… , the liability provisions of the CIV UR do apply. But the accident should still be arising out of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.6 (Liability of agent acting without or exceeding its authority) S. 530

„… principal’s property sells such property (bona fide purchase).22 Article 2.2.6 (Liability of agent acting …” „… exceeding its authority. A. Strict Liability Art. 2.2.6 corresponds to Art. 16 of the Geneva Convention …” „… Vogenauer/Krebs Art. 2.2.5 no. 18. 18 E.g. § 35 subpara. 1 sentence 1 of the German law on limited liability …”

Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account S. 1072-1073

„… . Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account 1. Notwithstanding the …” „… exceed the amount of the maximum limits of liability specified by this Convention, increased by six per …” „… . (c) An amount may not be so increased as to exceed the triple of the maximum limits of liability …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 2 Declaration concerning liability in case of death of, or personal injury to, passengers S. 1087

„… Declaration concerning liability in case of death of, or personal injury to, passengers Any State may, at any …” „… whole of the provisions concerning the liability of the carrier in case of death of, or personal injury …” „… non-application of the liability provisions in case of death or personal injury to passengers for "domestic cases …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 17 Death and Injury of Passengers – Damage to Baggage S. 1198-1205

„… objections to the carriage of the cargo. The consignor is subject to unlimited liability for damages caused …” „… documents furnished by the consignor. Chapter III Liability of the Carrier and Extent of Compensation for …” „… Convention Chapter III Liability of the Carrier 1198 Wolf Müller-Rostin 2 1 not liable if and to the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 18 Damage to Cargo S. 1206-1212

„… baggage claim area. Thereafter the carrier no longer has any control over the baggage, and liability …” „… unchecked baggage, no period of carrier’s liability has been spelled out by the Convention. However, since …” „… to define the period of liability identically to that of liability for passenger death or injury, i.e …”

Peter Csoklich Article 17 S. 938-942

„… ), second sentence, CMR). Chapter IV Liability of the carrier Article 17 (1) The carrier shall be liable for …” „… however be relieved of liability if the loss, damage or delay was caused by the wrongful act or neglect of …” „… shall not be relieved of liability by reason of the defective condition of the vehicle used by him in …”

Klaus Ramming Article 25 Nullity of contractual stipulations S. 1061-1063

„… 4, to increase the liability, within the meaning of this Convention, of the carrier, the actual …” „… application of liability provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 II …” „… . The liability provisions …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Introduction S. 1179-1183

„… (MONTREAL CONVENTION) Bibliography: Paul Dempsey and Michael Milde, International Air Carrier Liability: The …” „… burden of proof the carrier can rely on certain ceilings limiting the extent of its liability. The limit …” „… of liability for passenger death or injury – one of the core issues, if not the core issue of the …”

Klaus Ramming Article 4 Actual carrier S. 1007-1008

„… liability is joint and several. Nothing in this article shall prejudice any right of recourse as between …” „… them. Introduction Article 4 is concerned with the liability of the actual carrier. As to the …” „… provisions of Article 4 is to determine the actual carrier’s liability for cargo loss and damage as well as …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 42 CISG S. 220-225

„… delivered goods were not free of third party rights or claims. A seller who defends against a liability …” „… claim has to prove that the parties either excluded liability, or that the buyer consented to the defect …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Threshold for liability …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 21 Compensation in Case of Death or Injury of Passengers S. 1216

„… Overview Under Article 20 the carrier is permitted to reduce – in whole or in part – its liability …” „… exonerated from liability in proportion to the claimant’s fault if it proves that the damage was caused or …” „… Articles 17-19. Thus even within the first tier of liability for passenger death or injury (Article 21 …”

Section 2 Registered luggage S. 1111-1115

„… Article 35 Exclusion of liability The carrier shall not be liable to the passenger for loss or …” „… liability The carrier shall be liable for loss or damage resulting from the total or partial loss of, or …” „… covers damages arising from delay in delivery. This provision largely corresponds to the strict liability …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 CISG S. 31-32

„… Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods to …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Liability in contract and liability in tort …” „… , n 19. Contra CISG Magnus, ‘Art. 4 CISG’, in: Staudinger n 43 who, however, prestakes liability and …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 29 Basis of Claims S. 1225-1226

„… liability and may be offset against future damage awards that the carrier may have to pay.2 Article 28 is a …” „… limits of liability as are set out in this Convention without prejudice to the question as to who are the …” „… rules and to provide a single rule governing carrier’s liability for all injuries suffered in the course …”

Peter Csoklich Article 11 S. 924-925

„… some wrongful act or neglect on the part of the carrier. (3) The liability of the carrier for the …” „… . 11 CMR deals with the documents necessary to perform the agreed carriage, the liability of the sender …” „… for the accuracy of the documentation and information as well as the liability of the carrier for the …”

Klaus Ramming Article 19 Calculation of compensation S. 1045-1046

„… regulations or practices. Introduction Once the carrier’s liability for loss of or damage to the goods has …” „… 1 and 19.2 serves as a limitation of liability insofar, as the carrier’s liability is only for the …” „… the carrier’s liability. Article 19.5 confirms that the carrier’s freight claim in principle remains …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 2.2.5 529 Liability of agent acting without or exceeding its authority …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 Chapter IV Liability of the carrier Article 17 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 7 1013 Liability of the shipper …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses) S. 637-640

„… which limits or excludes one party’s liability for non-performance or which permits one party to render …” „… way to excuse non-performance under Art. 7.4.1 and thereby to avoid a liability for damages under a …” „… obligee. From a civil law perspective, for lawyers used to limitations of liability based on fault, an …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 28 S. 960

„… the provisions of this Convention which exclude his liability or which fix or limit the compensation …” „… due. (2) In cases where the extra-contractual liability for loss, damage or delay of one of the …” „… avail himself of the provisions of this Convention which exclude the liability of the carrier or which …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 25 Stipulation on Limits S. 1223

„… shall notify States Parties of a revision of the limits of liability. Any such revision shall become …” „… paragraph. In order to take account of the erosion of liability limits by inflation, Article 24 provides for …” „… a review of the liability limits at five-year intervals. As a result of the first such review …”

Klaus Ramming Introduction S. 990-992

„… (CMN) failed, as ultimately no agreement could be reached on the carrier’s liability for error in …” „… Préparatiores into consideration.4 CMNI’s focus is on liability issues (see Chapters II, V and VII). In line …” „… carrier’s liability under the contract of carriage for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 23 S. 951-954

„… thereafter, declare that the limit of liability provided for in paragraph 3 of this article to be applied in …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Overview Art. 23 CMR solely regulates the carrier’s liability stemming from Art. 17 CMR.1 The …” „… CMR.2 Art. 23 CMR does also not apply to the sender’s or consignee’s liability.3 The carrier’s strict …”

Klaus Ramming Article 17 Servants and agents S. 1040-1041

„… time limit which would reasonably be required of a diligent carrier. CMNI’s liability regime laid out …” „… in Article 16 et seq. also refers to the liability for a delay in delivery. In so far, Article 16.1 …” „… sentence 1 is the basis of any claims against the carrier. It is sufficient for liability to arise under …”

Peter Csoklich Article 10 S. 922-923

„… loss or the apparent damage occurred during the carriage,5 which consequently leads to the liability of …” „… one hand the carrier is relieved of liability for damages caused by the lack or by the defective …” „… provides only for the liability of the sender due to a defective packing of the goods: Art. 10 CMR …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 52 Other actions S. 1119

„… of liability, on whatever grounds, may be brought against the carrier only subject to the conditions …” „… in respect of liability, whether based on contract of carriage or not, only according to the …” „… conditions set by the CIV UR. Title V Liability of the Passenger Article 53 Special principles of liability …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 29 S. 961-962

„… liability or which shift the burden of proof if the damage was caused by his wilful misconduct or by such …” „… shall not be entitled to avail themselves, with regard to their personal liability, of the provisions of …” „… of liability stipulated in Chapter IV of the Convention (thus also bringing unlimited liability for …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 37 S. 979-980

„… in respect of liability for loss, damage or delay may only be brought against the first carrier, the …” „… limits (in a procedural sense) the joint and several liability created through the successive carriage.2 …” „… to his share of liability; should it be impossible to apportion the liability, each carrier shall be …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 25 Applicable law S. 1104

„… Liability of the Carrier Chapter I Liability in case of Death of, or Personal Injury to, Passengers Article …” „… 26 Basis of liability The carrier shall be liable for the loss or damage resulting from the death of …” „… UR the strict liability of the carrier arises in relation to the operation of the railway – this …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 5 Mandatory law S. 1134

„… assume a liability greater and obligations more burdensome than those provided for in these Uniform Rules …” „… . Under CIM UR the carrier may assume a greater liability and more burdensome obligations in favour of the …” „… clients (consignor), i.e. there is a possibility of extending liability not being limited to maximum …”

Klaus Ramming Article 5 Delivery time S. 1009

„… carrier and not vis-à-vis the contractual carrier. Since the actual carrier’s liability corresponds with …” „… extending his liability vis- à-vis the shipper and the consignee in principle would also apply against the …” „… actual carrier. In so far, however, Article 4.4 sentence 1 specifies that any extensions of liability may …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 41 CISG S. 214-219

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Requirements for liability …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 III. Exclusion of liability …” „… rights are concerned, → Art. 42 applies instead. The distinction between liability under → Art. 35 …”

Peter Csoklich Article 18 S. 943-944

„… that the carrier shall not be relieved of liability by reason of a defective condition of the vehicle …” „… breach of contract.34 As follows from Art. 18 (4) CMR, the strict liability of the carrier for defects of …” „… for which the carrier is liable, the carrier’s liability is restricted to the extent to which …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… applicant. Any breach of that practice will expose the issuer to liability.13 Presentations Presentations by …” „… carrier CMNI 4 4 – contractual carrier’s liability for CMNI 17 2 – definition CMNI 1 9, 4 1 – liability …” „… – incidental authority UNIDROIT 2.2.2 1 – liability UNIDROIT 2.2.6 Index 1506 – presentation as a business …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 3 Passengers and Baggage S. 1188-1189

„… Regulation (EC) No. 889/2002, thereby applying a uniform liability regime for all carriage performed by …” „… carriage (see → Art. 57). The Convention does not apply to carriage of postal items. Liability of the …” „… effect that where this Convention is applicable it governs and may limit the liability of carriers in …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 49 Conversion and interest S. 1117

„… relating to liability for luggage shall apply to vehicles. According to Article 47 of the CIV UR, → Art …” „… . 36-43 of the CIV UR dealing with liability for registered luggage, shall apply mutatis mutandis also to …” „… the liability for vehicle (see commentaries to the respective articles above). Chapter IV Common …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 51 Persons for whom the carrier is liable S. 1118

„… the 1990 Protocol of Revision. Article 50 Liability in case of nuclear incidents The carrier shall be …” „… relieved of liability pursuant to these Uniform Rules for loss or damage caused by a nuclear incident when …” „… loss or damage pursuant to the laws and prescriptions of a State governing liability in the field of …”

Klaus Ramming Article 26 General average S. 1064

„… 25.2 (c) authorizes the parties to exclude from liability damages which result from defects in the …” „… carrier provided for in international conventions or national law relating to the limitation of liability …” „… of owners of inland navigation or maritime vessels. 2. The carrier shall be relieved of liability …”

Klaus Ramming Article 27 Other applicable provisions and nuclear damage S. 1064

„… 25.2 (c) authorizes the parties to exclude from liability damages which result from defects in the …” „… carrier provided for in international conventions or national law relating to the limitation of liability …” „… of owners of inland navigation or maritime vessels. 2. The carrier shall be relieved of liability …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 42 Addressee of Complaints and Instructions S. 1239

„… ment(s) operated by the actual carrier. The actual carrier’s liability shall not exceed the …” „… liability limits stipulated in Articles 21-23. In the event of injury or death of a passenger or damage to …” „… or consignor – to increase or waive liability limits altogether or to accept a value declaration for …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 43 Servants and Agents S. 1239

„… ment(s) operated by the actual carrier. The actual carrier’s liability shall not exceed the …” „… liability limits stipulated in Articles 21-23. In the event of injury or death of a passenger or damage to …” „… or consignor – to increase or waive liability limits altogether or to accept a value declaration for …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 44 Aggregation of Damages S. 1239

„… ment(s) operated by the actual carrier. The actual carrier’s liability shall not exceed the …” „… liability limits stipulated in Articles 21-23. In the event of injury or death of a passenger or damage to …” „… or consignor – to increase or waive liability limits altogether or to accept a value declaration for …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 1 Scope of Application S. 1184-1187

„… Regulations and IATA Intercarrier Agreements all lifting the liability ceilings established under the Warsaw …” „… Warsaw Convention was drawn up in the early days of commercial aviation, when high liability awards would …” „… compensation based on the principle of restitution”. To this end the Convention features an absolute liability …”

Stefan Kröll Article 35 Disclaimer on Transmission and Translation S. 1494-1495

„… subject to eventually existing restrictions concerning the exclusion of liability. Even if it …” „… should be classified as a limitation of liability clause, that should not lead to its invalidity.3 In …” „… liability in Article 34 should be considered to be fair. The primary addressee of Article 34 is the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.2.3 (Exclusion and limitation clauses) S. 588

„… includes the right to invoke a clause in the contract which excludes or limits the liability of the …” „… beneficiary to rely on clauses in the contract excluding or limiting its liability (which makes only sense in …” „… liability of the sea carrier, but also that of the master, the crew, stevedores employed in loading und …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.2.4 (Defences) S. 588

„… includes the right to invoke a clause in the contract which excludes or limits the liability of the …” „… beneficiary to rely on clauses in the contract excluding or limiting its liability (which makes only sense in …” „… liability of the sea carrier, but also that of the master, the crew, stevedores employed in loading und …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 25 Burden of proof S. 1158

„… not mentioned on both sides of the vehicle or in the inventory which accompanies it. Liability …” „… a strict causal liability whereas, according to Article 4 of the CUV UR, damage of freight wagons …” „… carried as a means of transport it is a matter of liability for fault, with reversal of the burden of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 26 Successive carriers S. 1159

„… carrier’s liability during the period between taking over the goods and delivering the goods (→ Art. 23 et …” „… approach can be justified by liability considerations: if the subsequent carrier does not take over the …” „… community of carriers and liability, on the basis of a single contract of carriage. The maximum limit of …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 23 Conversion of Monetary Units S. 1221

„… VI. The special declaration of interest in delivery at destination (paragraphs 2 and 3) Liability …” „… effect, i.e. increase of the threshold for carrier’s liability.10 VII. Unbreakability of the limits The …” „… limits of carrier’s liability for cargo loss, destruction, damage or delay are unbreakable (not, however …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 39 S. 981-983

„… case the distribution of liability between the carriers cannot be established lit. c. applies. Art. 37 …” „… Establishing the proportionate share of liability is up to the court seized, and to be based on the CMR, the …” „… catch all clause in case it remains unclear to whom the liability is attributable. However, if a carrier …”

Stefan Kröll Article 36 Force Majeure S. 1496-1497

„… transmitted to the issuing and/or confirming bank the risk allocation underlying the liability …” „… the second half of Article 35(3). The first half excludes any liability for errors in the translations …” „… Force Majeure A bank assumes no liability or responsibility for the consequences arising out of the …”

Section 1 Hand luggage and animals S. 1110

„… provisions applicable to the carriage of vehicles. Chapter III Liability in respect of Hand Luggage, Animals …” „… , Registered Luggage and Vehicles Section 1 Hand luggage and animals Article 33 Liability In case of death of …” „… , introducing an strict liability of the carrier for hand luggage and animals accompanying the passenger, or …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 6 Contract of carriage S. 1134-1138

„… assume a liability greater and obligations more burdensome than those provided for in these Uniform Rules …” „… . Under CIM UR the carrier may assume a greater liability and more burdensome obligations in favour of the …” „… clients (consignor), i.e. there is a possibility of extending liability not being limited to maximum …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 38 S. 981

„… case the distribution of liability between the carriers cannot be established lit. c. applies. Art. 37 …” „… Establishing the proportionate share of liability is up to the court seized, and to be based on the CMR, the …” „… catch all clause in case it remains unclear to whom the liability is attributable. However, if a carrier …”

Peter Csoklich Article 13 S. 929-930

„… instruction that he does not carry out the instruction (Art. 12 (6) CMR). III. Liability of the carrier The …” „… liability of the carrier in connection with instructions is governed by Art. 12 (7) CMR, which provides for …” „… liability of the carrier in two cases: On the one hand the carrier is liable if he does not carry out …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 40 Persons for whom the carrier is liable S. 1169

„… included as grounds for exoneration. Liability in rail-sea traffic is thus more severe than that according …” „… combines selected elements of liability regime for maritime carriage of goods and the provisions of → Art …” „… Liability in case of nuclear incidents The carrier shall be relieved of liability pursuant to these Uniform …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 4 Cargo S. 1190

„… subject to the liability regime of the Convention, which may limit the carrier’s liability for passenger …” „… loss of the protection of limited liability. Thus, unlike the situation under the Warsaw Convention …” „… , non-fulfilment of these formalities is no longer linked to liability. As a result, any breach of the requirements …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 9 Non-compliance with Documentary Requirements S. 1193

„… , nonetheless, be subject to the rules of this Convention including those relating to limitation of liability …” „… sanction of unlimited liability (as was the case under the Warsaw Convention). Article 10 Responsibility …” „… a liability of the consignor vis-à-vis the carrier for damages caused by incorrect information …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 10 Responsibility for Particulars of Documentation S. 1193

„… , nonetheless, be subject to the rules of this Convention including those relating to limitation of liability …” „… sanction of unlimited liability (as was the case under the Warsaw Convention). Article 10 Responsibility …” „… a liability of the consignor vis-à-vis the carrier for damages caused by incorrect information …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 37 Right of Recourse against Third Parties S. 1235

„… , save in the case where, by express agreement, the first carrier has assumed liability for the whole …” „… within the meaning of Article 1. Liability for passenger death or injury or delay can only be claimed …” „… exceptional case the first carrier accepted liability for the entire journey by an express agreement …”

Article 36 S. 979

„… in respect of liability for loss, damage or delay may only be brought against the first carrier, the …” „… limits (in a procedural sense) the joint and several liability created through the successive carriage.2 …” „… to his share of liability; should it be impossible to apportion the liability, each carrier shall be …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 24 Review of Limits S. 1222

„… at any time thereafter, declare that the limit of liability of the carrier prescribed in Article 21 …” „… Protocol the Poincaré franc was the unit of measurement for expressing liability limits, this unit was …” „… liability thresholds. The SDR must be converted into national currencies at the rate in effect on the date …”

Stefan Kröll Article 34 Disclaimer on Effectiveness of Documents S. 1493

„… liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect …” „… thereon; nor does it assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality …” „… . Article 34 contains an extensive disclaimer of the bank’s liability and responsibility for anything going …”

Peter Csoklich Article 2 S. 906-909

„… reason of the carriage by that other means of transport, the liability of the carrier by road shall be …” „… determined not by this Convention but in the manner in which the liability of the carrier by the other means …” „… prescribed conditions, the liability of the carrier by road shall be determined by this Convention. (2) If …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 31 Timely Notice of Complaints S. 1228-1229

„… they act outside of the scope of their employment, the liability regime of the Montreal Convention will …” „… servants and agents shall not lose the right to rely on the conditions and limitations of liability even if …” „… the unbreakability of the limits of liability for cargo as per Article 22 paragraph 3. Article 31 …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 79 CISG S. 367-376

„… the whole or a part of the contract, that party is exempt from liability only if: (a) he is exempt …” „… ) Liability for third persons …” „… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3. No liability for damages (Article 79(5 …”

Peter Csoklich Introduction S. 898-900

„… transport documents and to the carrier’s liability: This aim has been fully achieved as is proven by the …” „… , Gold Francs were substituted as unit of account for the calculation of the limited liability in → Art …” „… not intended.11 The CMR-provisions deal with consignment notes (→ Art. 4-9 CMR), liability of the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 19 Delay S. 1213-1214

„… carrier The carrier can avoid liability if it can prove that it and its servants and agents5 took all …” „… ; Isabell H. Ph. Diedericks-Verschoor, The Liability for Delay in Air Transport, Air & Space Law Vol. XXVI/6 …” „… calculated to prevent the subject loss.7 If the carrier is unable to exonerate itself, its liability is …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.7 (Force majeure) S. 641-645

„… consequences also of gross negligence. In the example of a law firm limiting its liability it is common …” „… practice in many parts of the world to negotiate in exchange a higher cap of liability which is covered by …” „… Obligor In addition to exclusion of liability due to behaviour of the other party (→ Arts. 7.1.2, 7.1.3),1 …”

Peter Csoklich Article 7 S. 916-917

„… value of the goods and/or of the special interest in delivery lead to the increase of the liability of …” „… validity or existence of the contract of carriage (see → Art. 4 CMR). II. Liability of the sender With the …” „… wording of Art. 7 (1) CMR.3 The liability of the sender under Art. 7 (1) CMR is a strict liability without …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 35 Compensation in case of interest in delivery S. 1167

„… liability The limits of liability provided for in Article 15 § 3, Article 19 §§ 6 and 7, Article 30 and …” „… the CIM UR. Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability is directly linked to the wrongful …” „… carriage by air, the limit for liability does not apply in the case of gross misconduct by the carrier as …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 37 Conversion and interest S. 1167

„… liability The limits of liability provided for in Article 15 § 3, Article 19 §§ 6 and 7, Article 30 and …” „… the CIM UR. Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability is directly linked to the wrongful …” „… carriage by air, the limit for liability does not apply in the case of gross misconduct by the carrier as …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 26 Invalidity of Contractual Provisions S. 1224

„… relieve the carrier of liability or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this Convention …” „… any provision that tends to relieve the carrier of liability or to fix a limit lower than that …” „… liability and may be offset against any amounts subsequently paid as damages by the carrier. Article 28 is …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 27 Freedom to Contract S. 1224

„… relieve the carrier of liability or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this Convention …” „… any provision that tends to relieve the carrier of liability or to fix a limit lower than that …” „… liability and may be offset against any amounts subsequently paid as damages by the carrier. Article 28 is …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 28 Advance Payments S. 1224

„… relieve the carrier of liability or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this Convention …” „… any provision that tends to relieve the carrier of liability or to fix a limit lower than that …” „… liability and may be offset against any amounts subsequently paid as damages by the carrier. Article 28 is …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 74 CISG S. 339-348

„… conduct regulation by means of liability – e.g., with regard to a disgorgement of profits or punitive …” „… potential costs of liability. By this means, the foreseeability rule stimulates inter-party information …” „… particularly when they agree on liquidated damages or limitations of liability. In such scenarios, however …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 27 Substitute carrier S. 1160

„… provisions of these Uniform Rules governing the liability of the carrier shall also apply to the liability of …” „… and the substitute carrier are liable, their liability shall be joint and several. The aggregate …” „… liable towards the consignor and Art. 27 COTIF/CIM Title III Liability 1160 Erik Evtimov and Tatyana …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 30 Servants, Agents – Aggregation of Claims S. 1227

„… of the carrier, whereas under the Convention liability – in passenger cases, for instance – either …” „… passenger liability cases Article 29 retains the provision of Article 24 of the Warsaw Convention that local …” „… liability which the carrier itself is entitled to invoke under this Convention. 2. The aggregate of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.4 (Availability of defences and rights of set-off) S. 791-793

„… limb) each obligor facing a claim from an obligee for joint and several liability may assert all common …” „… Pursuant to Art. 11.1.4 an obligor facing a claim of an obligee for joint and several liability may assert …” „… shareholders (founders) of the UK company can neither rely on English limitation of liability provisions …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.4 (Duty to achieve a specific result. Duty of best efforts) S. 575-576

„… that its liability for nonperformance will be excluded under Art. 7.1.2, if such ‘prior performance of …” „… of strict liability,1 the achievement of a specific result2 (obligation de résultat, e.g. the …” „… amount to a duty “to negotiate in good faith”12 (→ Art. 2.1.15 no. 3 at C.). C. Limitation of Liability …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 22 S. 949-950

„… consignment note.1 Also, Art. 7 para. 1 lit. a CMR is supplemented regarding the sender’s liability of the …” „… , the exemption from liability contained in Art. 22 para. 2 CMR only relates to the liability in as far …” „… as it is regulated by the CMR. The carrier is consequently not exempted, for example, from liability …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 27 S. 958-959

„… Whereas Art. 24 CMR may be used to increase the liability for loss of or damage to the goods, Art …” „… . 26 CMR enables the parties to agree on the carrier’s liability even for those losses which are not …” „… of the losses actually suffered, up to the declared value.6 A liability for late delivery under Art …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 6 Contract of carriage S. 1090

„… An extension of liability referred to in Article 5 of the CIV UR refers not only to the limits of …” „… liability, but also additional liability, e.g. non-application of the grounds for relief from liability or …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 20 Exoneration S. 1215

„… or she derives his or her rights, the carrier shall be wholly or partly exonerated from its liability …” „… other than the passenger, the carrier shall likewise be wholly or partly exonerated from its liability …” „… wrongful act or omission of that passenger. This Article applies to all the liability provisions in this …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 34 Arbitration S. 1232

„… any dispute relating to the liability of the carrier under this Convention shall be settled by …” „… cargo, the parties may stipulate that any dispute relating to liability under the Convention shall be …” „… ); Georgette Miller, Liability in International Air Transport (Kluwer 1977) 294. 8 OLG Hamm, 24 Oct 2002 – 18 U …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 35 S. 978

„… Effect of Art. 34 CMR Through the operation of Art. 34 CMR the contractual liability of the successive …” „… carrier towards its preceding carrier is extended to a statutory liability towards the sender.25 The terms …” „… of the statutory liability are set out in the consignment note and are subject to the regulations of …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 35 CISG S. 190-196

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 IV. Exclusion of liability (para 3 …” „… non-conforming goods are dealt with in Art. 45 et seqq. In case of non-conforming goods, the seller’s liability …” „… threshold is higher: The seller’s liability is only excluded if the buyer knew about and accepted the defect …”

Peter Csoklich Article 21 S. 947-948

„… delivery stipulation: Due to this provision of the CMR, the liability of a carrier failing to comply with …” „… prevailing opinion, the liability of the carrier under Art. 21 CMR is a strict liability; however, the …” „… Liability of the carrier 948 Peter Csoklich 2 3 4 5 6 …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 48 Mutual Relations of Contracting and Actual Carriers S. 1241

„… stipulated under Article 26: Carriers are prohibited from contractually imposing lower liability limits on …” „… maintain adequate insurance covering their liability under this Convention. A carrier may be required by …” „… covering its liability under this Convention. Under Article 50, an insurance coverage requirement was …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 49 Mandatory Application S. 1241

„… stipulated under Article 26: Carriers are prohibited from contractually imposing lower liability limits on …” „… maintain adequate insurance covering their liability under this Convention. A carrier may be required by …” „… covering its liability under this Convention. Under Article 50, an insurance coverage requirement was …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 50 Insurance S. 1241

„… stipulated under Article 26: Carriers are prohibited from contractually imposing lower liability limits on …” „… maintain adequate insurance covering their liability under this Convention. A carrier may be required by …” „… covering its liability under this Convention. Under Article 50, an insurance coverage requirement was …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 26 Access to the international registration facilities S. 1388

„… Authority may waive the inviolability and immunity conferred by paragraph 4. Chapter VII Liability of the …” „… Registrar Article 28 Liability and financial assurances 1. The Registrar shall be liable for compensatory …” „… Cape Town Convention Chapter VII Liability of the Registrar 1388 Gilles Cuniberti …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 27 Legal personality; immunity S. 1388

„… Authority may waive the inviolability and immunity conferred by paragraph 4. Chapter VII Liability of the …” „… Registrar Article 28 Liability and financial assurances 1. The Registrar shall be liable for compensatory …” „… Cape Town Convention Chapter VII Liability of the Registrar 1388 Gilles Cuniberti …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 25 S. 955-956

„… limits of liability for losses, covered by Art. 23 para. 3 CMR, to be determined by agreement1 reached …” „… the cargo has no consequence for the liability under Art. 23 para. 4 and 5 CMR.5 The value must be …” „… liability may not be increased.7 It is subject of dispute, whether the agreement on the payment of the …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 27 Damages in case of death S. 1106

„… carrier and the substitute carrier, i.e. the carrier who actually performed the carriage, share liability …” „… towards the passenger. For comparison, see a commentary below to Article 39 of the CIV UR on the liability …” „… conditions. Art. 28 COTIF/CIV Title IV Liability of the Carrier 1106 9 1 2 1 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 28 Damages in case of personal injury S. 1106

„… carrier and the substitute carrier, i.e. the carrier who actually performed the carriage, share liability …” „… towards the passenger. For comparison, see a commentary below to Article 39 of the CIV UR on the liability …” „… conditions. Art. 28 COTIF/CIV Title IV Liability of the Carrier 1106 9 1 2 1 …”

Section 3 Vehicles S. 1116

„… ). Article 46 Liability in respect of other articles In respect of articles left inside the vehicle or …” „… account. Article 46 § 1 of the CIV UR in terms of liability places objects in enclosures (e.g. vehicle …” „… footing. Art. 46 COTIF/CIV Title IV Liability of the Carrier 1116 1 1 1 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 32 Compensation for damage S. 1164

„… of or damage to his goods. Article 31 Liability for wastage in transit In respect of goods which, by …” „… ; b) one per cent of the mass for dry goods. The limitation of liability provided for in § 1 may not …” „… the place of destination. Art. 32 COTIF/CIM Title III Liability 1164 Erik Evtimov and Tatyana …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 29 Compensation for other bodily harm S. 1107

„… transport Subject to § 2, the provisions relating to the liability of the carrier in case of death of, or …” „… clarifies the applicability of the liability rules in the CIV UR to carriage of passengers, which was …” „… Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974 and the Protocol of 2002 to the Convention. Chapter I Liability …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 30 Form and amount of damages in case of death and personal injury S. 1107

„… transport Subject to § 2, the provisions relating to the liability of the carrier in case of death of, or …” „… clarifies the applicability of the liability rules in the CIV UR to carriage of passengers, which was …” „… Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974 and the Protocol of 2002 to the Convention. Chapter I Liability …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 31 Other modes of transport S. 1107

„… transport Subject to § 2, the provisions relating to the liability of the carrier in case of death of, or …” „… clarifies the applicability of the liability rules in the CIV UR to carriage of passengers, which was …” „… Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 1974 and the Protocol of 2002 to the Convention. Chapter I Liability …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 16 Formalities of Customs, Police or Other Public Authorities S. 1198

„… objections to the carriage of the cargo. The consignor is subject to unlimited liability for damages caused …” „… documents furnished by the consignor. Chapter III Liability of the Carrier and Extent of Compensation for …” „… Convention Chapter III Liability of the Carrier 1198 Wolf Müller-Rostin 2 1 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 6 CISG S. 33-36

„… that in particular the producer’s product liability for defective goods relates to the same case as the …” „… seller’s liability. Unifying tort law was beyond the CISG’s political plan. The differences between the two …” „… moral or Schmerzensgeld. Second, Art. 6 CISG permits to derogate liability without establishing a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.1 (Scope of the Chapter) S. 761-764

„… provisions of the Member States concerning liability for detective products Official Journal [1985] L 210 p …” „… . 29, Art. 11; Council of Europe: Convention on civil liability for damage from resulting activities …” „… liability does not always come to mind to lawyers drafting contracts, e.g. because in common law countries …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.5 (Determination of kind of duty involved) S. 577

„… ‘para. 2 duties’ (of best efforts) caps of liability which are reasonable under the circumstances …” „… liability is generally possible as long as it does not violate applicable mandatory law (Art. 1.4) and as it …” „… liability for ‘grossly negligent conduct’ without any possibility of insurance.13 Article 5.1.5 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 54 Ascertainment of partial loss or damage S. 1120

„… the person entitled. Article 55 Claims Claims relating to the liability of the carrier in case of …” „… deals with all claims towards carriers, based on their liability in case of death of or injury to …” „… passengers. Where claims are based on the liability of the carrier for death or injury of a passenger …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 55 Claims S. 1120

„… the person entitled. Article 55 Claims Claims relating to the liability of the carrier in case of …” „… deals with all claims towards carriers, based on their liability in case of death of or injury to …” „… passengers. Where claims are based on the liability of the carrier for death or injury of a passenger …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 5 Contents of Air Waybill or Cargo Receipt S. 1191

„… consignment is required as well, since that weight determines the liability of the air carrier. The weight is …” „… sanction of unlimited liability for deficiencies of the air waybill stipulated in the Warsaw Convention and …” „… no duty, obligation or liability resulting therefrom. This newly inserted Article of the Montreal …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 6 Document Relating to the Nature of the Cargo S. 1191

„… consignment is required as well, since that weight determines the liability of the air carrier. The weight is …” „… sanction of unlimited liability for deficiencies of the air waybill stipulated in the Warsaw Convention and …” „… no duty, obligation or liability resulting therefrom. This newly inserted Article of the Montreal …”

Article 28 Unit of account S. 1065

„… plant or a authorized party is liable, the carrier is fully exempted from liability under Article 27.2 …” „… liability conventions and is internationally recognized as a unit to calculate limitation amounts. The …” „… actual carrier’s liability. This is either the date of the judgement or any day agreed upon by the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 51 Carriage Performed in Extraordinary Circumstances S. 1242

„… adequately insure themselves against liability for accidental damage to persons, including injury or death …” „… , and accidental damage to baggage and cargo and third parties (third-party liability, which is not …” „… System of Liability’ (1999) XXIV Annals of Air and Space Law 1279. 3 For further details see …”

Stefan Kröll Article 37 Disclaimer for Acts of an Instructed Party S. 1498

„… at the risk of the applicant. b. An issuing bank or advising bank assumes no liability or …” „… of the most important questions concerning the liability and charges arising from that use of …” „… the risk of the applicant”. Article 37(b) disclaims any liability of the instructing bank that the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.3 (Modification of limitation periods by the parties) S. 768-770

„… liability of the other party can be obtained by extending warranties (guarantees)14 to future performance …” „… business maximum liability periods of two years are frequent practice except for tax-related warranty …” „… limitation of liability).23 It is submitted that to do so requires respecting the system of the UNIDROIT …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.8 (Mitigation of harm) S. 688

„… (i.e. to limit its extent or to avoid an increase of the harm)7 reduces the liability of the …” „… non-performing party. There is no discretion;8 the liability of the non-performing party under Art. 7.4.1 is …” „… is no ‘liability’ towards the contract partner if the ‘duty’ is being ignored.). 4 …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 24 S. 955

„… limits of liability for losses, covered by Art. 23 para. 3 CMR, to be determined by agreement1 reached …” „… the cargo has no consequence for the liability under Art. 23 para. 4 and 5 CMR.5 The value must be …” „… liability may not be increased.7 It is subject of dispute, whether the agreement on the payment of the …”

Klaus Ramming Article 13 Bill of lading S. 1030-1032

„… . This seems to have far-reaching effects on the carrier’s liability under bills of lading in case of …” „… of liability on the carrier, i.e. some form of guarantee that the bill’s particulars relating to the …” „… and escape liability by proving that he acted with due diligence etc. when the goods were in his …”

Article 29 Additional national provisions S. 1065-1067

„… plant or a authorized party is liable, the carrier is fully exempted from liability under Article 27.2 …” „… liability conventions and is internationally recognized as a unit to calculate limitation amounts. The …” „… actual carrier’s liability. This is either the date of the judgement or any day agreed upon by the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.6 (Determination of quality of performance) S. 577-578

„… ‘para. 2 duties’ (of best efforts) caps of liability which are reasonable under the circumstances …” „… liability is generally possible as long as it does not violate applicable mandatory law (Art. 1.4) and as it …” „… liability for ‘grossly negligent conduct’ without any possibility of insurance.13 Article 5.1.5 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.15 (Negotiations in bad faith) S. 515-516

„… negotiations.1 One extreme is found in England (where there is virtually no pre-contractual liability),2 the …” „… systems do not have a pre-contractual liability until a contract is made, see Farnsworth, E Allan …” „… , Precontractual Liability and Preliminary Agreements: Fair Dealing and Failed Negotiations, 87 Columbia Law …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.4 (Foreseeability of harm) S. 681-682

„… correlates with the function of Art. 7.4.4 as a a counterbalance to the strict liability concept,7 → Art …” „… . 4 (‘a corollary to the parties’ strict liability’). See also Morán Bovio/Morán Bovio Art. 7.4.4, no …” „… at the Contract Drafting Stage In light of the strict liability regime of the UNIDROIT Principles for …”

Klaus Ramming Article 6 Obligations of the shipper S. 1010-1012

„… kilogram limitation would be inapplicable and the respective cap of the carrier’s liability is determined …” „… carriage of dangerous or polluting goods. As to the shipper’s liability for missing, inaccurate or …” „… period of liability as per Article 16 et seq. If the Carrier agrees to load the goods, he takes them over …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 1 Scope S. 1084-1086

„… coherence (e.g. in terms of transport documents, liability questions) both for rail and water-bound …” „… Rules shall also apply, as far as the liability of the carrier in case of death of, or personal injury …” „… application of the CIV UR to such persons in the part on carrier’s liability in the event of death or injury …”

Klaus Ramming Article 24 Limitation of actions S. 1056-1060

„… 23.1, 23.3 and 23.4), but instead the carrier’s liability for the delay is completely excluded. The …” „… applicable to the contract of carriage. The filing of a claim in proceedings to apportion limited liability …” „… limit his liability in respect of all claims arising from one event, e.g. under CLNI 1988 or 2012 or …”

Peter Csoklich Article 12 S. 926-928

„… Thus follows that the maximum amount of the liability of the carrier corresponds to the liability …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 III. Liability of the carrier …”

Klaus Ramming Article 7 Dangerous and polluting goods S. 1013-1015

„… with the concepts of CMNI to assume that the carrier’s liability for loss of and damage to the goods …” „… to the particulars referred to in Article 6.2. As to the shipper’s liability for missing, inaccurate …” „… inherent by the goods prior to their delivery to him. V. The shipper’s liability If the carrier proceeds …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 10 Completion of administrative formalities S. 1095

„… with respect to objects and animals being carried along with the passenger. The passenger’s liability …” „… against the carrier in due manner. For carrier’s liability in the case of cancellation or delay of a train …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 11 Cancellation and late running of trains. Missed connections S. 1095

„… with respect to objects and animals being carried along with the passenger. The passenger’s liability …” „… against the carrier in due manner. For carrier’s liability in the case of cancellation or delay of a train …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 15 Supervision S. 1098

„… administrative requirements, the carrier bears no liability for this. Chapter II Hand Luggage and Animals Article …” „… such loss or damage were caused by carrier’s fault. Note, that passenger’s liability is dealt with in …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 16 Consignment of registered luggage S. 1098

„… administrative requirements, the carrier bears no liability for this. Chapter II Hand Luggage and Animals Article …” „… such loss or damage were caused by carrier’s fault. Note, that passenger’s liability is dealt with in …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 41 Other actions S. 1170

„… liability, on whatever grounds, may be brought against the carrier only subject to the conditions and …” „… protect the liability regime in Article 23 CIM UR in a general manner in cases in which unlimited …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 42 Ascertainment of partial loss or damage S. 1170

„… liability, on whatever grounds, may be brought against the carrier only subject to the conditions and …” „… protect the liability regime in Article 23 CIM UR in a general manner in cases in which unlimited …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 45 Addressee of Claims S. 1240

„… this provision does not make much sense, since liability is in most cases unlimited anyway. Article 45 …” „… the actual carrier of liability under this Chapter or to fix a lower limit than that which is …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 46 Additional Jurisdiction S. 1240

„… this provision does not make much sense, since liability is in most cases unlimited anyway. Article 45 …” „… the actual carrier of liability under this Chapter or to fix a lower limit than that which is …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 47 Invalidity of Contractual Provisions S. 1240

„… this provision does not make much sense, since liability is in most cases unlimited anyway. Article 45 …” „… the actual carrier of liability under this Chapter or to fix a lower limit than that which is …”

Article 35 Denunciation S. 1072

„… . Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account 1. Notwithstanding the …” „… exceed the amount of the maximum limits of liability specified by this Convention, increased by six per …”

Article 36 Review and amendment S. 1072

„… . Article 37 Revision of the amounts for limitation of liability and unit of account 1. Notwithstanding the …” „… exceed the amount of the maximum limits of liability specified by this Convention, increased by six per …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 20 Circumstances preventing carriage S. 1153

„… provided for in case of loss of the goods. With regard to the carrier’s liability, only the question of …” „… Article 36 of the CIM UR, which provides for the removal of limits of liability in case of qualified fault …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 21 Circumstances preventing delivery S. 1153

„… provided for in case of loss of the goods. With regard to the carrier’s liability, only the question of …” „… Article 36 of the CIM UR, which provides for the removal of limits of liability in case of qualified fault …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 2 Carriage Performed by State and Carriage of Postal Items S. 1188

„… Regulation (EC) No. 889/2002, thereby applying a uniform liability regime for all carriage performed by …” „… carriage (see → Art. 57). The Convention does not apply to carriage of postal items. Liability of the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 52 Definition of Days S. 1243

„… application of limited liability, Article 34 had a justification. Under the Montreal Convention …” „… , however, the junctim between documentary requirements and limits of liability has been abolished, and …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 53 Signature, Ratification and Entry into Force S. 1243

„… application of limited liability, Article 34 had a justification. Under the Montreal Convention …” „… , however, the junctim between documentary requirements and limits of liability has been abolished, and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.2 (Validity of mere agreement) S. 536

„… provide e.g. for direct liability odf the putative shareholder (e.g. of a joint venture ‘company’) or for …” „… indirect liability. 5 Vogenauer/Huber Art. 3.1.1. no. 6. 1 Morán Bovio/Herrera Art. 3.2, no. 1, p. 176. 2 …”

Peter Csoklich Article 4 S. 911

„… III. Scope of employment Art. 3 CMR restricts the vicarious liability of the carrier for all …” „… 14 or migrants.15 Courts rarely deny the liability of the carrier, such as it was done with respect …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 15 Completion of administrative formalities S. 1146

„… misusing administrative documents provided by the carrier. The carrier can be excused from this liability …” „… more severe liability (compare with Article 11, paragraph 3 of the CMR). The consignor, by so …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.9 (Ratification) S. 533

„… potential liability of the sub-agent toward the third party under Art. 2.2.6, the question is “whether the …” „… itself) that it acts (i) without power of attorney (to avoid liability under 4 Vogenauer/Krebs Art. 2.2.8 …”

Peter Csoklich Article 3 S. 910

„… liability of the carrier are contained in most of the other conventions on international carriage of goods …” „… English term “agent” and especially from the French term “préposeés”, the vicarious liability of the …”

Klaus Ramming Article 10 Delivery of the goods S. 1021

„… position vis-à-vis the carrier, i.e. the consignee’s liability for the freight and other charges (Article …” „… goods see → Art. 14 and 15. II. The consignee’s liability for freight and charges The consignee is not …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 34 Compensation in case of declaration of value S. 1166

„… entails the right of the carrier to assume greater liability and more burdensome obligations for the …” „… COTIF/CIM Title III Liability 1166 Erik Evtimov and Tatyana Payosova 2 1 2 3 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 27 Clean Transport Document S. 1485

„… which are regularly found in transport documents exonerating the carrier from liability. Pursuant to …” „… exonerates itself from liability for the load, count and content of the shipment stated in the transport …”

Klaus Ramming Article 1 Definitions S. 993-999

„… cases of loss of or damage to the goods and delay in delivery, the liability of the contractual carrier …” „… , whose liability corresponds with that of the contractual carrier. The approach adopted in Article 1 No …” „… passenger liability. The purpose of the restriction in Article 1 No. 7 is not to interfere with that …”

Peter Csoklich Article 19 S. 945

„… would be reasonable to allow a diligent carrier under the given circumstances. Since the liability of …” „… the goods: the liability of a carrier who fails to take over the goods at all or fails to take over …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 26 S. 957

„… without bringing about a devaluation of the whole cargo, the liability is limited to the amount payable in …” „… total loss in the sense of Art. 25 para. 2 a) CMR can be denied.18 In such case the liability for the …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 42 S. 987

„… cover taken out by the sender or the consignee and not the carrier’s liability insurance.35 Otherwise …” „… against the carrier was held to be null and void.37 The benefit of the carrier’s liability insurance may …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 36 Successive Carriage S. 1234

„… with the liability of the carrier, irrespective of who commences the action against the carrier. A …” „… . 36 Montreal Convention Chapter III Liability of the Carrier 1234 Wolf Müller-Rostin 4 5 …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… obligations and exemptions from liability in case of unexpected or unforeseeable events and the consequences …” „… other charges costs related to export and import (correlation with A2/B2). III. Strict liability for …” „… buyer in case of failure to give proper notices. The buyer is further subject to a strict liability for …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… obligation to enter a contract, binding agreements imposing liability for breaking negotiations, or a binding …” „… under the CISG, given the majority position that it does not deal with pre-contractual liability.47 36 …” „… Lisa Spagnolo, ‘Opening Pandora’s Box: Good Faith & Precontractual Liability in the CISG’ (2007) 21(2 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 13 Bank-to-Bank Reimbursement Arrangements S. 1449-1450

„… in the liability of the nominated bank towards the issuing bank. That requires, however, that the …” „… the presentation, no liability of the nominated bank to honour or negotiate arises. Neither do these …”

Klaus Ramming Article 11 Nature and content S. 1022-1026

„… sentence 1. The introducing words of Article 10.1 sentence 1 clarify that the shipper’s liability vis-à-vis …” „… the carrier (→ Art. 6.1) remains untouched by the corresponding consignee’s liability. As far as there …” „… 13.4) and in relation to the calculation of the amount of the carrier’s limited liability for loss of …”

Stefan Kröll Article 38 Transferable Credits S. 1499-1503

„… charges incurred are the liability of another part, such as the beneficiary or the applicant. Thus, if the …” „… the liability for transfer charges (c), permit partial but not successive transfers and regulate …” „… an advising bank concerning its liability.7 Partial and successive transfers: Article 38 (d) Article …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 17 Delivery S. 1148-1149

„… therefore one of the decisive factors regarding liability for delay in the event that the transit period is …” „… contract of carriage and, consequently, to the accepted liability for the goods. The consignment note …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 29 Priority of competing interests S. 1389-1390

„… guarantee covering the liability referred to in this Article to the extent determined by the Supervisory …” „… Authority, in accordance with the Protocol. Specific Bibliography: Bollweg/Schnell, ‘Liability of the …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 16 CISG S. 74-78

„… Spagnolo, ‘Opening Pandora’s Box: Good Faith & Precontractual Liability in the CISG’ (2007) 21(2) Temple …” „… ultimately favouring a narrow approach to CISG’s scope on precontractual liability: Lisa Spagnolo, ‘Opening …” „… Pandora’s Box: Good Faith & Precontractual Liability in the CISG’ (2007) 21(2) Temple International …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 30 S. 963-967

„… Art. 29 para. 2 CMR Art. 29 para. 2 CMR extends the principal’s liability to the acts and omissions …” „… carriage. While the general concept of the principal’s liability is set out in Art. 3 CMR, Art. 29 CMR …” „… establishes the principal’s liability in cases of gross negligence and wilful misconduct of these persons.9 …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 40 CISG S. 212-213

„… event, even if the buyer negligently misjudges the defect and liability in principle would be exempt …” „… defect to the buyer before the contract was signed, liability is excluded under Art. 35(1) (implied …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.19 (Contracting under standard terms) S. 520-521

„… certain extreme case scenarios may step in, e.g. on exemption clauses such as a limitiation of liability …” „… limitation of liability) and thereby to reach an ‘individual agreement’ should be understood in a broad sense …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.5 (Proof of harm in case of replacement transaction) S. 683-684

„… liability of the obligor remains limited by the foreseeability test also in case of intentional or …” „… appropriate different caps depending on whether the cause of liability for non-performance is negligence or …”

Petra Butler Introduction to Articles 45–65 CISG S. 232-237

„… on anticipatory breach (Articles 71-73), interest (Article 78),7 exemption of liability (Articles …” „… Kiralfy, ‘Absolute Liability in Contract’ 1 (1980) The Journal of Legal History, 1. 16 How embedded ‘fault …” „… this presumption if it wants to avoid liability. The threshold the party has to meet is high, albeit …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.4 (Mandatory rules) S. 486-488

„… of limitation of liability will not suffice to qualify such an agreement as ‘individually negotiated …” „… limitation of liability clauses of German lawyers with their business clients have been ‘individually …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 CISG S. 28-30

„… to escape liability incurred under the CISG by avoiding the contract or claiming the contract to be …” „… acquisition or the assumption of joint liability, either.16 But this 2. 10 See only OGH ZfRV 1996, 248, 251 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.10 (Extent of contributory claim) S. 803-805

„… Options The co-obligors are free to adapt their system of joint and several liability in their internal …” „… situations if the obligee has the market power to insist on joint and several liability rather than separate …”

Peter Csoklich Article 16 S. 935-937

„… , entrust them to a third party, and in that case he shall not be under any liability except for the …” „… his liability for loss and damage of the goods, is governed by the applicable national law.10 If the …”

Klaus Ramming Article 2 Scope of application S. 1000-1002

„… liability regime would exclude such scenarios. Therefore, CMNI would remain applicable. Packed goods The …” „… etc. are part of the goods may become relevant, inter alia, when it comes to determine the liability …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 41 S. 984-986

„… liability), Art. 26 CMR (special interest in delivery), Art. 31 CMR para. 1 (jurisdiction of additional …” „… that the convention’s liability regime may not be deviated from,17 while on the other hand the parties …”

Klaus Ramming Article 3 Taking over, carriage and delivery of the goods S. 1003-1006

„… damage or delay in delivery, the carrier’s liability is determined by Article 16 et seq. In all other …” „… requirement in respect of the carrier’s right to exclude liability in relation to error in navigation is that …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… , Pre-contractual liability, The Brussels Jurisdiction Convention and... the UNIDROIT Principles (Case 334/00 …” „… Allan, Precontractual Liability and Preliminary Agreements: Fair Dealing and Failed Negotiations, 87 …” „… obligor (Art. 11.1.4) or a default rule regarding possible limitation of liability towards third party …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 80 CISG S. 377-380

„… is only partly exempted from liability if the exemption concerns a part of her obligation only.79 If …” „… Convention’s principle of strict liability. Unlike Article 79, the provision ex- 76 Burghard Piltz …”

Stefan Kröll Article 19 Transport Document Covering at Least Two Different Modes of Transport S. 1469-1473

„… reason for that exclusion is that charterers are subject to a different liability regime which is not …” „… liability regime. Pursuant to the Drafter’s commentary, the indication may consist of references such as …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… as the basis for supporting some rather far-reaching results like precontractual liability.28 Good …” „… : Good Faith and Precontractual Liability in the CISG’, 21 Temple Int’l. & Comp. L.J. 161 (2008). 29 See …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 9 Dangerous goods S. 1141

„… in liability if the shipper failed to provide information about the carriage of dangerous goods (see …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 10 Payment of costs S. 1141

„… in liability if the shipper failed to provide information about the carriage of dangerous goods (see …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Overview S. 1237

„… liability rules of the Convention applicable to the air carriage segment. This provision effectively …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 39 Contracting Carrier – Actual Carrier S. 1237

„… liability rules of the Convention applicable to the air carriage segment. This provision effectively …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 54 Denunciation S. 1244

„… ) the date of the coming into force of any revision of the limits of liability established under this …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 55 Relationship with Other Warsaw Convention Instruments S. 1244

„… ) the date of the coming into force of any revision of the limits of liability established under this …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 17 Luggage registration voucher S. 1099

„… registration voucher. Indication of the carriers is important for the issue of liability and in light of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 4 Derogations S. 1133

„… substitute carriers in the sense of → Art. 27 of the CIM UR. This would lead to their independent liability …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 13 Loading and unloading of the goods S. 1145

„… carrier and the consignor. Responsibility for loading is especially important in light of liability issues …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 14 Packing S. 1145

„… carrier and the consignor. Responsibility for loading is especially important in light of liability issues …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 33 Debtor’s duty to assignee S. 1396

„… the debtor discharges the latter from liability, payment or performance shall be effective for this …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security S. 1396

„… the debtor discharges the latter from liability, payment or performance shall be effective for this …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 35 Priority of competing assignments S. 1396

„… the debtor discharges the latter from liability, payment or performance shall be effective for this …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Introduction S. 1076-1083

„… Commission, Leaflet on COTIF/CIV-PRR – SMPS liability regimes (Bern, 2014); Malcom A. Clark, Transport by …” „… recommends harmonised solutions (optin) for liability and for transport documents. The new UNECE Resolution …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.5 (Exclusion or modification by the parties) S. 489

„… of liability) which would be required under German law.20 More Mandatory Law in Case of Combination …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 5 Mandatory law S. 1089

„… assume a liability greater and obligations more burdensome than those provided for in these Uniform Rules …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 13 Examination S. 1097

„… Carriage authorises the carrier to perform an inspection. The passenger’s liability is deal with in Article …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 14 Completion of administrative formalities S. 1097

„… Carriage authorises the carrier to perform an inspection. The passenger’s liability is deal with in Article …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 22 Consequences of circumstances preventing carriage and delivery S. 1154

„… Article 21 of the CIM is subject to general liability provisions in Article 23 et seqq. of the CIM UR.1 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 28 Presumption of loss or damage in case of reconsignment S. 1161

„… the common CIM/SMGS consignment note and contains a presumption for liability on re-consignment where …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 29 Presumption of loss of the goods S. 1162

„… CMR 1956 Art. 30 COTIF/CIM Title III Liability 1162 Erik Evtimov and Tatyana Payosova 1 2 1 …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 32 Death of Person Liable S. 1230

„… 1983, 167. 1 Dempsey/Milde, 217. Art. 33 Montreal Convention Chapter III Liability of the Carrier …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.3 (Agency disclosed) S. 527

„… intermediary is not personally liable,5 unless otherwise agreed (e.g. joint liability cases,6 Art. 1.5). (ii …”

Peter Csoklich Article 20 S. 946

„… . Clarke CMR6, p 189. Art. 20 CMR Chapter IV Liability of the carrier 946 Peter Csoklich 4 1 2 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 56 Carriers against whom an action may be brought S. 1121

„… whom an action may be brought An action based on the liability of the carrier in case of death of, or …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 58 Extinction of right of action in case of death or personal injury S. 1123

„… case of death or personal injury Any right of action by the person entitled based on the liability of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 59 Extinction of right of action arising from carriage of luggage S. 1124

„… actions The period of limitation of actions for damages based on the liability of the carrier in case of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 60 Limitation of actions S. 1124

„… actions The period of limitation of actions for damages based on the liability of the carrier in case of …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 7 Description of Air Waybill S. 1192

„… consignor and at the same time stresses that it does not create any duty, obligation or liability for the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 8 Documentation for Multiple Packages S. 1192

„… consignor and at the same time stresses that it does not create any duty, obligation or liability for the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 25 Discharge of registration S. 1387

„… recited in it are accurate.3 On the liability of the registrar for providing inaccurate information, see …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.6 (Contra proferentem rule) S. 568

„… limitation of liability clause),6 the interpretation in favour of the ‘other party’ (as compared to the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.7 (Linguistic discrepancies) S. 568

„… limitation of liability clause),6 the interpretation in favour of the ‘other party’ (as compared to the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.2.5 (Revocation) S. 589

„… clarify by way of modification under Art. 5.2.5) if it is properly covered by limitation of liability …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.3 (Assignability of non-monetary rights) S. 719

„… waiver is helpful to avoid the risk of liability for damages pursuant to Art. 9.1.9(2) sentence 3), (d …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.6 (Third party performance) S. 747

„… obligee (which, under Arts. 9.2.5(2) and (3), may also lead to an ongoing liability towards the obligee …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 11 Examination S. 1142

„… against the goods, if they have not been paid immediately. In light of potential liability of the carrier …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 33 Compensation for exceeding the transit period S. 1165

„… external liability of the carrier to customers for the “other sums paid in relation to the carriage of the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 12 Right of Disposition of Cargo S. 1195

„… liability to carry out all its obligations under the contract of carriage, the consignor has the right to …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 38 Combined Carriage S. 1236

„… . However, since the Montreal Convention stipulates an objective liability of the carrier with the result …”

Raimond Emde Article 14 S. 1284

„… subject to a written form requirement (for example in German law, the so-called del credere liability, cf …”

Petra Butler Article 57 CISG S. 284

„… which is decisive for liability in regard to the non-conformity of the goods.8 Loss in weight after the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.5 (Agent acting without or exceeding its authority) S. 529

„… inconsistent behaviour (Art. 1.8),5 para. 2 states an exception. The exemption of the principal from liability …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.7 (Conflict of interests) S. 531

„… vides for a regime of strict liability of the agent owing full compensation3 (Art. 7.4.1) to the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.1 (Right to damages) S. 675

„… liability for damages of the obligor (Art. 1.11 4th hyphen), without any further conditions, unless it is (i …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.4 (Advance consent of the other party) S. 755

„… the investor (i.e. the obligee of the services) to a German limited liability company of its choice to …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.2 (Presumption of joint and several obligations) S. 789

„… operate with a presumption of ‘joint and several’ liability as defined in Art. 11.1.1 lit. a. This …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 35 Limitation of Actions S. 1233

„… that the same conditions and limits of liability applying in respect of the carrier itself shall apply …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 23 CISG S. 114-115

„… and precontractual liability, see further Lisa Spagnolo, CISG Exclusion and Legal Efficiency (Kluwer …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.5 (Discharge of original obligor) S. 745-746

„… , the default rule6 in para. 3 provides for joint and several liability7 of the original and the new …”

Klaus Ramming Article 9 Termination of the contract of carriage by the carrier S. 1019-1020

„… employment. Article 8.2 also applies in relation to the shipper’s liability under Article 7.5. Article 9 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 30 Compensation for loss S. 1162-1163

„… CMR 1956 Art. 30 COTIF/CIM Title III Liability 1162 Erik Evtimov and Tatyana Payosova 1 2 1 foresee …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 33 Jurisdiction S. 1230-1231

„… 1983, 167. 1 Dempsey/Milde, 217. Art. 33 Montreal Convention Chapter III Liability of the Carrier …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 36 CISG S. 197-198

„… possible exemption of the seller and his liability for his staff or third parties engaged for the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 S. 431-432

„… periods of extinction of actions as contained in Art. VI Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.12 (Writings in confirmation) S. 509-510

„… , time of delivery, liability may usually be material).9 The test is whether, under the circumstances of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.2 (Relevant mistake) S. 540-541

„… , quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party's liability are usually …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.2.1 (Contract to be observed) S. 620-621

„… liability). 14 Vogenauer/McKendrick, Art. 6.2.2 no. 4. 15 See e.g. Vogenauer/McKendrick (Oxford …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 625-626

„… minimising clauses such as full exemption clauses or limitation of liability clauses (which, in the language …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.2 (Interference by the other party) S. 628-629

„… result (e.g. the construction and/or delivery of a product) is due (strict liability; → Art. 5.1.4(1 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.4 (Adequate assurance of due performance) S. 665-666

„… fundamental nonperformance may not be that ‘clear’ to occur) and thereby cause a liability for damages.4 B …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.4 (New limitation period by acknowledgement) S. 771-772

„… construed as a waiver to assert the limitation of liability as a defence6 pursuant to Art. 10.9(2 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 784-785

„… default rule (for joint and several liability); it applies if the parties are mute on the characterisation …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.8 (Effect of judgment) S. 800-801

„… judgment) (1) A decision by a court as to the liability to the obligee of one joint and several obligor …”

Peter Csoklich Article 5 S. 912-913

„… the special liability regime for consecutive carriers according to → Art. 34 et seq. CMR and the right …”

Peter Csoklich Article 14 S. 931-932

„… carrier:1 The cause of such impediments is relevant only to the liability of the sender, the consignee …”

Klaus Ramming Article 23 Notice of damage S. 1054-1055

„… of a defective reservation the carrier’s liability is excluded. Rather, a defective reservation has …”

Raimond Emde Article 15 S. 1284-1285

„… subject to a written form requirement (for example in German law, the so-called del credere liability, cf …”

Stefan Kröll Article 1 Application of UCP S. 1420-1421

„… the banks liability (→ Art. 34-37) and rules on the transfer of credits (→ Art. 38) and the assignment …”

Article 1.7 (Good faith and fair dealing) S. 492-493

„… liability for breaking off pre-contractual negotiations in bad faith (Art. 2.1.15) or to invoke a “grossly …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.1 (Time of performance) S. 596-597

„… manoeuvre to zero; between the risk of rejection under Art. 6.1.5 in case of early performance and liability …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.7 (Payment by cheque or other instrument) S. 606-607

„… card-issuing company’s payment obligation in place of the obligor’s liability),4 the obligor (Art. 1.11) may …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.7 (Harm due in part to aggrieved party) S. 686-687

„… ) to the UNIDROIT Principles’ concept of strict liability (→ Art. 5.1.4(1)). Art. 7.4.7 is used by …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.7 (Effect of expiration or suspension of limitation period) S. 798-799

„… , which is consistent both with the security function of joint and several liability6 and with Art. 10:110 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.2 (Effects of joint and several claims) S. 818-819

„… liability as the default rule in case of doubt). 57 Vogenauer/Meier Art. 11.2.1 no. 1; see further no. 6 …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 19 CISG S. 93-101

„… and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one party’s liability to the other or …” „… place of delivery,25 price, or method or substance of payment,26 limitations or exclusions of liability …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 37 Effects of assignor’s insolvency S. 1397-1399

„… the assignee will discharge him from liability,13 including as against the assignor. The Convention is …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 43 CISG S. 226-228

„… delivered, there is no absolute time limit to bring liability claims against the seller under Arts 42 or …”

Stefan Kröll Article 6 Availability, Expiry Date and Place for Presentation S. 1433-1435

„… upon the issuer, confirming or notifying bank to avoid any discussion about their continuing liability …”

Petra Butler Article 55 CISG S. 280-282

„… cannot perform.24 Further, the buyer may be exempted from his liability under Article 54 where the …”

Peter Csoklich Article 8 S. 918-920

„… directly lead to a liability of the carrier for breach of contract but has an effect on the onus of proof …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 34 S. 975-977

„… fulfilled there is no joint and several liability, but each carrier is liable towards its own contracting …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.2 (Full compensation) S. 676-678

„… principles relating to the time before contract conclusion:7 (i) pre-contractual liability pursuant to Art …”

Petra Butler Article 46 CISG S. 239-242

„… avoidance (Article 81(2)) leads to liability under Article 74.6 Importantly, Article 45(2) states that …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 31 S. 968-971

„… also applies in cases of unlimited liability as per Art. 29 CMR.48 As the loss of right follows de jure …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… discussion see Lisa Spagnolo, ‘Opening Pandora’s Box: Good Faith & Precontractual Liability in the CISG …” „… Pandora’s Box: Good Faith & Precontractual Liability in the CISG’ (2007) 21(2) Temple International …”

Stefan Kröll Introduction S. 1416-1419

„… required and thereby undertake a liability of the beneficiary, against which it will then seek an indemnity …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.3 (Availability of defences against joint and several obligees) S. 820-824

„… the liability to the obligor to one of the joint and several co-obligees does not prohibit other …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… Liability in the CISG’ (2007) 21(2) Temple International & Comparative Law Journal 309; Schroeter, Art. 14 …” „… Non-contractual duties (e.g. under product liability law) are not covered by Art. 25 CISG.17 On the other side, an …”

Marco Torsello Article 32 CISG S. 175-180

„… the freight costs and carrier’s liability. Finally, the seller must make contracts for carriage to the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… ) general contractual matters like form, contractual liability or good faith.34 The most prominent example …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… configuration of the Directive, also leading to the adoption, alongside the Directive, of the Product Liability …” „… claims, the place of jurisdiction and the del credere liability of the commercial agent,21 which is …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 CISG S. 11-19

„… preferred stating whether the goods at stake in their majority are goods or not.25 A successor’s liability …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Uwe Jenisch, Jeannette Edler - Bibliographie des deutschen Schrifttums zum Internationalen und Öffentlichen Seerecht 1982-2007

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Uwe Jenisch, Jeannette Edler

Bibliographie des deutschen Schrifttums zum Internationalen und Öffentlichen Seerecht 1982-2007

Series: Rostocker Schriften zum Seerecht und Umweltrecht

Volume 44 2008

Results in this title

Jeannette Edler, Uwe Jenisch Haftung/ Liability S. 114-119

„… Bunker Oil. (Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs, Bd.5). Wien 2006, 300 S. 9.4 Haftung Liability vgl …” „… Rechts- und Staatswissenschaft. Potsdam 1987 Ganten, Reinhard: Law and Liability for Environmental Damage …” „… Environment: Developments in Pollution Control, Responsibility and Liability. In: Law of the Sea at the …”

Jeannette Edler, Uwe Jenisch Umweltschutz und Sicherheit der Schifffahrt, Haftung, IMO/ Pollution from Ships, Ship Safety, Liability, IMO S. 163-171

„… Sicherheit der Schifffahrt, Haftung, IMO Pollution from Ships, Ship Safety, Liability, IMO vgl auch 9.4 …” „… , Thomas A.: International Regime on Liability and Compensation for Marine Environmental Damage from Ships …” „… Umweltverschmutzung auf See. Das „Erika III Paket“ aus Brüssel. NuR 29.2007.6: 392-398 Lagoni, Nicolai: The liability …”

Jeannette Edler, Uwe Jenisch Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… ...................................................................112 9.4 Haftung/ Liability …” „… und Sicherheit der Schifffahrt, Haftung, IMO/ Pollution from Ships, Ship Safety, Liability, IMO …”

Jeannette Edler, Uwe Jenisch Schifffahrtsfreiheit und Seehandel/ Freedom of Navigation and Maritime Trade S. 161-163

„… Sicherheit der Schifffahrt, Haftung, IMO Pollution from Ships, Ship Safety, Liability, IMO vgl auch 9.4 …”

Jeannette Edler, Uwe Jenisch Ölverschmutzungen und Tankerunfälle/ Oil Pollution, Tanker Accidents S. 112-114

„… Bunker Oil. (Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs, Bd.5). Wien 2006, 300 S. 9.4 Haftung Liability vgl …”

Jeannette Edler, Uwe Jenisch Das Gebiet, Rechtsordnung des Tiefseebergbaus/ The Area, Regime of Seabed Mining S. 94-101

„… Protection of the Environment: Developments in Pollution Control, Responsibility and Liability. In: Law of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210131

Anke Zierenberg - Der Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in deutschen Verträgen am Beispiel der Pharmaindustrie

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Anke Zierenberg

Der Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in deutschen Verträgen am Beispiel der Pharmaindustrie

Series: Marburger Schriften zum Gesundheitswesen

Volume 15 2011

Results in this title

„Vicarious liability“ S. 143-159

„… Zulassung)„Vicarious liability“Haftung für Drittverhalten im US-amerikanischen RechtDen Ausdruck der „vicarious …” „… . Ordnungswidrigkeitenrecht. Dennoch gibt es bedeutende Unterschiede zur US-amerikanischen „vicarious liability“,die im …” „… liability“Neben den gesetzlichen Regelungen kommt darüber hinaus die Zurechnung einerStraftat nach den „Federal …”

Verschulden S. 203-208

„… Drittverhalten – „vicarious liability“HaftungsgrundsätzeAuch im Rahmen der Buchführungsvorschriften geht die …” „… Verhalten seiner Töchter, ohne dass es hiervon wusste.B.1.2.206Übersicht: „Vicarious liability“ von …” „… Unternehmen im Rahmen derBuchführungsvorschriften„Vicarious liability“ von Unternehmen im Rahmen …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-38

„… Sonstige Personen („vicarious liability“)III. 115Überblick: Taugliche Empfänger …” „… : 203Haftung für eigenes VerschuldenI. 203Haftung für Drittverhalten – „vicarious liability“II. 203 …” „… „corrupt intent”4. Abschnitt: 134„Vicarious liability“5. Abschnitt: 143Verteidigungsmöglichkeiten6 …”

Abbildungsverzeichnis S. 43-46

„… : Kriterien zur Bestimmung von „corrupt intent“ 143Abbildung 13: „Vicarious liability“ von Unternehmen im …” „… : Voraussetzungen und Bedeutung der „bona fidedefense“ 199Abbildung 19: „Vicarious liability“ von Unternehmen im …”

Schering Plough Corporation (2004) S. 212-215

„… desVerhaltens der Töchter erfolgt im Wege der „vicarious liability“ durch Genehmigung ihres Verhaltens. Darüber …” „… Corporation Enters into Agreement to Resolve Potential Foreign CorruptPractices Act Liability; DOJ und Micrus …”

Empfänger S. 94-130

„… office”) („vicarious liability“).„Foreign official“Potentielle „foreign officials“ im Healthcare …” „… , FCPA Review Procedure Release, Nr. 86-01.114Sonstige Personen („vicarious liability“)Nach dem FCPA …” „… liability”)„Foreign officials“ im Sinne des FCPAs„Foreign official“Tätig als• „Officer”• „Employee”oder• “Any person …”

Mit „corrupt intent” S. 134-143

„… liability“Haftung für Drittverhalten im US-amerikanischen RechtDen Ausdruck der „vicarious liability“, d.h. die …”

Gesamtübersicht: vertragliche Anforderungen zur Einhaltung des FCPAs S. 242-243

„… . Abschnitt:I.A.Abbildung 29:517 Vgl. zur “vicarious liability” 2. Teil 2. Kapitel 5. Abschnitt.518 Vgl. 3. Teil 1. Kapitel …”

Micrus Corporation (2005) S. 215-216

„… Foreign CorruptPractices Act Liability; DOJ und Micrus Corp., Deferred Prosecution Agreement(28. Februar …”

„Internal accounting controls” S. 201-203

„… liability“HaftungsgrundsätzeAuch im Rahmen der Buchführungsvorschriften geht die Haftung für Dritte sehrweit.Haftung für Personen …”

Strafrechtliche FCPA-Verfahren S. 417-418

„… Agreementto Resolve Potential Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Liability; URL: http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005 …”

Prüfungsumfang S. 243-262

„… Formulierungsvorschläge machen beispielsweise:2. Kapitel:1. Abschnitt:I.A.Abbildung 29:517 Vgl. zur “vicarious liability …” „… finden.Demnach müssen hier die Grundsätze der „vicarious liability“ herangezogen werden. Eine Verantwortlichkeit …”

Sonstige Materialien S. 418-420

„… Agreementto Resolve Potential Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Liability; URL: http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2005 …”

Syncor International Corporation (2002) S. 208-212

„… erfolgt im Wege der „vicarious liability“ durch Genehmigung ihres Verhaltens. Darüber hinaus haftet die …”

Verteidigungsmöglichkeiten S. 159-200

„… Überblick: „vicarious liability“ von Unternehmen im Rahmen derAntikorruptionsvorschriften„Vicarious …” „… liability“ von Unternehmen im Rahmen derAntikorruptionsvorschriften„Vicarious liability“ von UnternehmenFür …”

Anhang: Gesetzestext des FCPAs S. 395-408

„… Intelligence of the Senate.(4) No criminal liability shall be imposed for failing to comply with the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230924

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