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Claudina Richards, Viviana Mollica - English Law and Terminology

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Claudina Richards, Viviana Mollica

English Law and Terminology

Series: NomosStudium

Volume 2023

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Chapter 1: Characteristics of Legal Language S. 15-16

„… Characteristics of Legal LanguageLanguage and communication lie at the very heart of the law. The …” „… people are often unable to understand it.One of the main characteristics of legal language is the use of …” „… being specific to the legal community. Such words are referred to as argot, i.e. a language or jargon …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Table of ContentsCharacteristics of Legal LanguageChapter 1: 15The Common LawChapter 2: 17IntroductionI …” „… ; understanding a completely different legal system is an even bigger challenge. The rules of English law cannot …” „… Legal PersonnelChapter 6: 52JudgesI. 52Appointment1. 52Tenure2. 53Judicial Independence3. 53Legal …”

Chapter 2: The Common Law S. 17-24

„… by statute. Finally, the term also describes a legal system which differs significantly from the …” „… civil law systems of most continental countries. The basic difference between these two legal traditions …” „… origins of the law, but many characteristics of the modern English legal system are still best understood …”

Chapter 3: Sources of Law S. 25-35

„… legal custom if the person claiming a right under that custom can show that it satisfies a test that …” „… AuthorityFor centuries legal treatises written by famous jurists, such as Coke and Blackstone, have shaped the …” „… provide a broad legal framework. Statutes are therefore often drafted in a fairly general way, so that …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748922995

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Claudina Richards, Viviana Mollica

English Law and Terminology

Series: NomosStudium

Volume 2016

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Chapter 1: Characteristics of Legal Language S. 15-16

„… Characteristics of Legal Language Language and communication lie at the very heart of the law. The …” „… people are often unable to understand it. One of the main characteristics of legal language is the use of …” „… being specific to the legal community. Such words are referred to as argot, i.e. a language or jargon …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… and professionalism. Norwich, November 2015 5 Inhalt Characteristics of Legal LanguageChapter 1: 15 …” „… different legal system is an even bigger challenge. The rules of English law cannot be understood without a …” „… chapters on the Trial System and Legal Personnel, and Shaun Bradshaw who up-dated the chapter on Pre-Trial …”

Chapter 2: The Common Law S. 17-24

„… by statute. Finally, the term also describes a legal system which differs significantly from the …” „… civil law systems of most continental countries. The basic difference between these two legal traditions …” „… origins of the law, but many characteristics of the modern English legal system are still best understood …”

Chapter 3: Sources of Law S. 25-35

„… order to get to the road. A local usage will only be accepted by the courts as a legal custom if the …” „… Authority For centuries legal treatises written by famous jurists, such as Coke and Blackstone, have shaped …” „… all possible situations to which it might apply in the future; it can only provide a broad legal …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265179

Giovanni Poggeschi - Language Rights and Duties in the Evolution of Public Law

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Giovanni Poggeschi

Language Rights and Duties in the Evolution of Public Law

Series: Schriftenreihe der Europäischen Akademie Bozen, Bereich »Minderheiten und Autonomien«

Volume 23 2013

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Language Rights of Arab States and of Some Islamic Legal Systems: a Feature in Common Between Asia and Africa. The Special Case of Israel S. 225-233

„… , whose various languages belong to one family but are different enough to promote the creation of a …” „… common language, ?Filipino?750. Thailand is also quite compact751, whereas Laos and Vietnam are less so …” „… comprehensive, restricting itself to giving an impression of the enormous variety of regulation of language …”

Final Clarifications on This Section S. 113-117

„… : legal_affairs/local_and_regional_democracy/regional_or_minority_languagel/2_monitoring/2.2_States_Reports/Sweden_report1.pdf >. 115 of third type linguistic rights, which …” „… Clarifications on This Section The systematic regulation of the protection of the state language, whether it be …” „… official language, the language of the majority, together with the languages of the minorities. If, however …”

Language and the Law S. 11-18

„… 11 1. Language and the Law The legal regulation of language is quite a recent phenomenon and …” „… clarity of language and to the coherence of the contents of legal measures, with their compulsory nature …” „… , the Sollen typical of legal language. Philosophers of law in particular have devoted works to the …”

Some Conclusions. Is Autonomy the Panacea for the Enjoyment of Rights by Linguistic Minorities? S. 160-167

„… , and the quite flexible educational system for the teaching of languages, is sufficient to allow it …” „… with its Slav language, which lives in the territory of former East Germany, today numbers about 15.000 …” „… socio-linguistic situation of this group, ?squeezed? by the German language majority, to lead to it being inserted …”

Brief History of Linguistic Rights. Linguistic Rights and Minority Rights. Evolution of the Doctrine. Linguistic Rights of the First, Second and Third Types. The Role of Comparative Law S. 19-35

„… language other than English in the workplace. As far as legal doctrine is concerned, that on language …” „… .) Language Law and Legal Challenges in Medium-Sized Language Communities. A Comparative Perspective (Institut …” „… legal status are favored, is one of the key points in the analysis of linguistic rights. Language …”

Linguistic Regulation in Macedonia S. 93-98

„… with the presence of a strong Russian community, or rather of Russian language speakers, not easy to …” „… of first type rights, conditions not only the language policies but in general the relations between …” „… influenced the various legal systems in the same way, and this is reflected in the dimension we are …”

Reflections, (Almost) Conclusive, on Linguistic Rights in Asia S. 222-225

„… undoubtedly have an effect on linguistic rights, with a more incisive tutelage of local languages which in any …” „… . Reflections, (Almost) Conclusive, on Linguistic Rights in Asia In the pages above, very different legal …” „… some common trends to be discerned in the evolution of Asian legal systems in general, but arriving at …”

Linguistic Rights in South Africa. From Apartheid to the Constitution of Everyone S. 233-239

„… pages with a subject that would really deserve a great deal more room. Only one African legal system …” „… linguistic rights in general in today?s African legal systems at the end of the present section, and also at …” „… many African legal systems suffer. A solution (which indeed many African states are trying to find) to …”

Linguistic Rights in One of the Most Richly Diverse States in the World: Indonesia S. 218-222

„… 218 of Indonesia in the next sub-section shows that similar language policies (and economic …” „… languages (some sources put the number at 712)719. The world?s greatest religions are present, although the …” „… . 719 J. Bertrand, ?Language Policy and the Promotion of National Identity in Indonesia? in M. E. Brown …”

Linguistic Rights in Slovakia S. 75-84

„… legal systems of eastern and central Europe. It reflects policies concerning less powerful languages …” „… 75 As far as language regulation at Canton level is concerned, we can look at the experience of the …” „… 1990, article 21, establishes in the first paragraph that French and German are the official languages …”

Linguistic Rights in a Fragile and Incomplete Democracy under the Guidance of Outside Powers: The Case of Afghanistan S. 198-204

„… sub-section will be analysed one of the legal systems most remote from western perspectives, that of …” „… . Jones-Pauly and N. Nojumi, ?Balancing Relations Between Society and State: Legal Steps Toward National …” „… concrete programme for the development of the Pashto national language?, the official language together …”

Linguistic Regulation of the Other Autonomous Communities S. 138-144

„… . Urrutia Libarona and X. I. Ametzaga, A Legal History of the Basque Language (1789 – 2009) (Eusko …” „… )? in G. Totoricagüena and I. Urrutia Libarona (eds.) The legal status of the Basque language today: one …” „… regulation of language in Catalonia because it is without doubt the most impressive body of law of a …”

Recent Juridical Developments in China, and Their Influence on the Minority and Linguistic Issue S. 208-213

„… legal arrangements towards minorities. Many foreign reports (like those of the U.S …” „… B. Sautman, Legal Reform and Minority Rights in China (Working Papers in the Social Sciences, No. 11 …” „… development of their own language and culture are viewed with more suspicion by the central authorities than …”

The Protection of French in France S. 37-41

„… a smaller extent, for regional and minority languages. The 2008 revision of the constitution in fact …” „… , in art. 75.1, added the provision that ?Regional languages are part of the heritage of France?. This …” „… is the completion of art. 2, produced by the 1993 revision, which says ?the official language of the …”

Conclusions. The language as Incorporeal Good of a Special Kind. Between Inclusion of Individuals and the Maintenance of a Specific Collective Identity. A New Order of Linguistic Rights and Responsibilities S. 269-282

„… 269 7. Conclusions. The language as Incorporeal Good of a Special Kind. Between Inclusion of …” „… example of the relationships between language and the powers that be. The mysterious language of the …” „… Navajo language revealed its utility is above all a reason for revealing that there is a spiritual union …”

Essential Bibliography S. 283-286

„… .) Language Law and Legal Challenges in Medium-Sized Language Communities. A Comparative Perspective (Institut …” „… . (eds.) Language Rights Revisited – The Challenge of Global Migration and Communication (Wolf Legal …” „… Press Oxford, Athens/Ohio, 2004). Brass, P. R., Language, Religion and Politics in North India (Authors …”

Historical Introduction to the Subject of Multilingualism in the Indian Sub-Continent S. 168-174

„… actual fact the same language, written form apart). India, as well as having a legal system deserving …” „… 168 5. Language Rights in Asia and Africa The experiences analysed so far have been of European and …” „… of language regulation differs quite considerably: however, it may be said that for a variety of …”

Brief Excursus on the Linguistic Rights in other African States S. 242-249

„… linguistic rights. These are the right of the accused to understand the language used in the legal procedure …” „… , the official status of so many languages has helped English not merely to maintain its position, but …” „… million inhabitants. It is also one of the most pluri-lingual, with around 400 languages spoken819 …”

Language Rights in Belgium S. 67-75

„… far as the language issue is concerned, art. 129 is the legal basis, according to which ?The Councils …” „… Canadian federalism of embracing all the diversities of the Federation is ongoing 204. 3.2.3. Language …” „… Rights in Belgium Belgium is a very interesting case for the study of federalism and language rights …”

Linguistic Rights and Obligations in Latvia S. 84-93

„… . Ulasiuk, ?The Ukrainian Language: What does the future hold? (a legal perspective)? in A. Milian Massana …” „… 84 Minority protection in Slovakia seems satisfactory for the Hungarian language minority …” „… for the official status of the language of the state. On April 30, 2002, article 18 was added to the …”

The Historical Bases of Minority and Linguistic Issues in China S. 204-208

„… , just as and indeed more than in the experiences described earlier of the legal systems of central and …” „… essential features of a nation in a common language, a common territory, a common economic life and a common …” „… and develop their languages, oral and written, and to maintain or to modify their customs and …”

Linguistic Rights of Indegenous People S. 250-264

„… languages891. Unlike in other legal systems such as Australia and Russia (where the 41 indigenous peoples …” „… sphere. The negation, repression or at the very least indifference the languages of indigenous peoples …” „… , culture, language, organisations and juridical, economic, social and political institutions …”

Adjustment and Proliferation of the Linguistic States and Official Languages S. 182-187

„… 182 Language Act? was passed, whose most tangible result was to prolong the official status of …” „… English. In fact, as the fifteen year deadline for the end of English as an official language approached …” „… strengthening the role of local languages, whereas Hindi was considered an imposition, a language extraneous to …”

Protection of English in the USA S. 41-53

„… American history there has been a turnover of language groups that have been the target of legal and …” „… could be important for the protection of languages in France, today a constitutional obligation. This …” „… language diversity as a rather severe interpretation of its ?Jacobinism? would have it. The underlying …”

The German Language in South Tyrol S. 119-120

„… 119 4.2. Some Cases of Tutelage of ?Linguistic Peninsulas? 4.2.1. The German Language in South …” „… arrogance and rank stupidity of Fascist language policy. It was forbidden to use the German language in …” „… the parity of languages. According to article 99 of the statute, ?in the region the German language is …”

The Status of the Other German Minorities in Europe, and of the Swedes in Finland S. 120-121

„… tutelage of linguistic minorities is a basic principle of constitutional legal arrangements, a principle …” „… language minorities living outside Germany, Austria and Switzerland do not enjoy the same juridical status …” „… the majorities in Poland and the Czech Republic towards German language citizens, whereas for some …”

British Devolution and the Question of Welsh and Scottish Gaelic S. 144-147

„… establishing at paragraph one that Castilian is Navarre?s official language, adds at the second paragraph that …” „… out in different ways according to the linguistic area. In the Basque language area the principles of …” „… vehicular language, in the mixed area euskera is an optional subject, as is the choice of vehicular language …”

Catalonia, the Linguistic Nation Par Excellence S. 124-138

„… social relations of the host nation. As with the legal systems with one official language, there is also …” „… 124 4.3. Other Examples of Strong Protection of ?Regional? Languages: Catalan, in Spain, Welsh and …” „… the Soviet Union, does not seem to influence the language policies of these states, whose …”

Linguistic Rights in the Autonomous Republics of the Russian Federation. The Linguistic Question in Tatarstan and of the Tartar Language S. 147-152

„… into that of Westminster), adopted the ?Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act? in 2005. There was unanimous …” „… concerning the use of the ancient Celtic language of Scotland, but already beforehand there had been a number …” „… Gaelic in schools is quite important, either as a subject taught, or even as a vehicular language in some …”

The Problematic, and Emblematic, Case of the Question of Minorities in Turkey S. 98-113

„… language, making its teaching a necessity. An important role will be played by the other linguistic groups …” „… that minority rights are actually in force. 318 On Turkey, for its legal side, see M. Carducci and B …” „… states as its reference point, but with some continuity with the previous legal system coinciding …”

The Establishment of Canada, Federal Bi-National State S. 54-67

„… aspects of harmonization of the federal level cannot be separated from the analysis of the language …” „… founded by two peoples. In the British North America Act of 1867151 the use of languages is disciplined …” „… languages as equal, in fact favoured the language of the most numerous and strongest linguistic group from …”

Some Conclusions on the Indian Sub-Continent, Together With a Preliminary Look at the Situation of Linguistic Rights in Afghanistan S. 197-198

„… repression of minority languages in force in Bangladesh may be compared to those of the fascist dictatorships …” „… analysed one of the legal systems most remote from western perspectives, that of Afghanistan, and hence …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249490

André Janssen, Hans Schulte-Nölke - Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

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André Janssen (ed.), Hans Schulte-Nölke (ed.)

Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

2020

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Barbara Pasa Legal Translation Within the EU and the Shift of National Legal Paradigms S. 193-218

„… natural language and the legal jargon. There is, indeed, a first level of translation within any legal …” „… the very nature of the legal language as such? “Translation”, due to its prominence, has been defined …” „… ) different ways of understanding the world. One of the most specialised varieties of language, legal jargon …”

Gerard-René de Groot, David de Groot Recognition of Civil Status (Certificates), with Special Attention to Secondary Recognition of Documents Already Recognized in Another Member State S. 283-298

„… ‘civil status’ as the legal identity of a natural person based on his life events - for the state. This …” „… the European Union which came in force on 16 February 2019. As legal basis of this Regulation serves …” „… , provided that these documents are issued in an EU Member State. Obviously, the choice for this legal basis …”

Matthias Lehmann Towards New Horizons: Commenting and Codifying European Business Law S. 25-42

„… provide no final answer to legal questions. The different language versions sometimes diverge from each …” „… . While such an ability is very useful in the domestic legal debate, it is of infinite value in European …” „… the particularities of national legal systems. Another of Reiner’s traits is that he looks at problems …”

Larry A. DiMatteo The Quest for Uniform Laws S. 219-240

„… speaking of different legal languages, but achieving similar outcomes.5 The next two subsections will …” „… harmonization of commercial law has reached a high level given that the states share a common language and legal …” „… , Comparative Law, Legal History, and other Areas of Law The Quest for Uniform Laws Larry A. DiMatteo ‘The …”

Cristina Amato, Elise Poillot Towards a European Culture of Legal Clinics: Transplanting the American Clinical Model S. 383-412

„… Towards a European Culture of Legal Clinics: Transplanting the American Clinical Model Cristina …” „… of a ‘made in Europe’ legal culture, according to which European private law cannot be rooted only on …” „… EU law and its ‘coalescence’ in several fields of private law requires legal science to make its …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298467

Meinrad Handstanger, Benedikt Harzl, Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay, Emma Lantschner, Elmar Pichl, Jürgen Pirker, Klaus Poier, Günther Rautz, Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Hedwig Unger - Law and Politics

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Meinrad Handstanger (ed.), Benedikt Harzl (ed.), Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay (ed.), Emma Lantschner (ed.), Elmar Pichl (ed.), Jürgen Pirker (ed.), Klaus Poier (ed.), Günther Rautz (ed.), Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Hedwig Unger (ed.)

Law and Politics

2022

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Sia Spiliopoulou Åkermark Multilingualism in Law across Europe – Comparative Lessons from the ELDIA Research Project S. 307-340

„… , as has the learning of foreign languages.Language diversity is not an explicit goal of the legal or …” „… Practices – Assessing Minority Language Maintenance Across Europe, Multilingual Matters (2016).2 The Legal …” „… minorities‘.3There has been legal affirmation of several of the languages studied in the ELDIA project in …”

Rainer Hofmann Discovering the Potential of a so far underestimated Provision – A new Role for Article 13 FCNM? S. 369-384

„… languages.This contribution will, first, describe the legal problems raised by the mentioned Ukrainian …” „… legitimate aim to promote the State language and the legal obligation to protect the linguistic rights of …” „… of Ukrainian as the State language and the legal obligation to respect the linguistic rights of …”

Antonija Petričušić Symbols that Unite the Ones are Symbols that Divide the Others S. 385-412

„… Regional or Minority Languages, the only binding legal instrument worldwide devoted to the protection and …” „… relations alone. Furthermore, if a language is not given access to the political, legal or administrative …” „… desire to have a minority language promoted in such a way. Following this line of legal reasoning, the …”

Roberto Toniatti The Recognition of a New Minority by Judicial Ruling: the Case of the LGBTI Community in Nepal S. 737-754

„… national language”).Roberto Toniatti744that province as the language of official business, as provided for …” „… , languages, religious identities within the population that are so much a typical feature of Asian societies5 …” „… its interna corporis8, with a special emphasis on the denial of justiciability of whatever legal …”

Francesco Palermo Language rights of national minorities and beyond: between autonomy and integration S. 287-306

„… Romani language, which in practice is much less used even when the legal conditions are in place. As to …” „… legal regime governing the use of languages, other entities are gaining momentum, such as local …” „… partly to give consistency to the language-related provisions in the (legally or politically) binding …”

Sergiu Constantin Between Law and Politics: Language Rights and Norm Contestation Processes in Ukraine (1991-2021) S. 341-368

„… overall political function of language-related regulations and policies adopted by Ukraine in the period …” „… the most important language-related regulations and decisions of the Ukrainian Constitutional Court …” „… relationship between the state language and minority languages.Norm contestation processes and linguistic …”

Roberta Medda-Windischer Changing Perspectives in Minority Studies: A Human Rights Model of Diversity Governance for Old and New Minorities S. 483-510

„… distinctive identities in terms of language, culture, or religion who have settled in these countries, with …” „… legal international instruments pertaining to minority rights can be extended at the same time to old …” „… communities whose members have a distinct language, culture or religion, as compared to the rest of the …”

Levente Salat Reconciling political unity, legal equality and ethnic diversity S. 461-480

„… different aspects of diversity – ethnicity, language, religion and legal traditions15 – on various levels of …” „… Reconciling political unity, legal equality and ethnic diversityLevente SalatMy capacity to assess …” „… discover new ways of reasoning about the political and legal consequences of ethnocultural diversity, as …”

Drino Galicic Legalisation of politics or politicization of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina: the authority of courts as collateral damage S. 1031-1046

„… , since 2003 these changes still live in the legal framework as “impositions” of the High Representative …” „… Bosniac children to have education in their respective languages in areas of mixed population, primarily …” „… such as geography, history, and language, the classroom is split up into entity-specific groups. It …”

Patricia Popelier Taking legal merit seriously: a plea for legal scholars to engage in empirical legal studies S. 53-64

„… Taking legal merit seriously: a plea for legal scholars to engage in empirical legal …” „… make explicit what legal analysis entails as a research method. Those legal scholars that do manage to …” „… master quantitative or qualitative methods other than legal analysis, easily turn into social scientists …”

Gabriel N. Toggenburg “United in diversity”: Thoughts on the ambiguous motto of the European Union S. 553-560

„… – Eastern enlargement was a process of diversification. It furnished the Union with ten new EU languages, a …” „… cultures, and countless minority languages and cultures which more than doubled the number of minority …” „… the motto in the Khoisan language of the /Xam people (“!ke e: /xarra //ke”) and underlines thereby the …”

Claudio Corradetti Understanding J. Marko’s Model of ‘Multiple Diversity Managements‘: on the Functional Integration of Law and Politics S. 511-530

„… – bringing diversity under legal equality. Without substantive compensation of natural and/or historical …” „… injustices – material equality – there cannot be any achievement of formal-legal equality.It follows that to …” „… “the judges hereby establish a legal obligation for all state authorities of what we call henceforth …”

Verena Wisthaler Wanted and unwanted migrants in South Tyrol. Constructing the collective identity through ‘othering’ S. 631-654

„… newcomers.While underlying discursive frames have institutional, legal, and policy implications for the politics …” „… the state majority language, and the state majority’s knowledge of the national minority language, are …” „… especially Corsica. Since 2004, the knowledge of the other groups’ languages has increased significantly, and …”

Alexandra Tomaselli The Intertwinement of History, Law and Politics in the case of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Latin America S. 709-736

„… and their rights in Latin American Constitutions and domestic legal ordersThis section offers a brief …” „… to Indigenous Peoples in the Latin American legal orders may be already found in the first …” „… contained a combination of laws.36 Inter alia, this new legal order included the Valladolid New Laws (Leyes …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 5-18

„… . Jahrhundert 41Christoph BezemekTaking legal merit seriously: a plea for legal scholars to engage in empirical …” „… legal studies 53Patricia PopelierStaatslehre zwischen öffentlichem Recht und Politikwissenschaften …” „… WieserMinderheiten 285Language rights of national minorities and beyond: between autonomy and integration 287 …”

Mikhail Antonov Russian conservatism and human rights in Europe S. 869-888

„… implemented also in the legal field can have impact on how Europeans evaluate and apply the law. In other …” „… dimension of legal rights (the values to which aspires the law and those who apply the law) in favour of a …” „… domain of legal science, although this science alone can hardly deal with it. Such questions clearly …”

Karl Kössler Sovereignty and Secession: Theoretical, Legal and Political Perspectives S. 941-958

„… Sovereignty and Secession: Theoretical, Legal and Political PerspectivesKarl …” „… the legal-political stage.’1 In times like these it seems relevant to remember this comment of Neil …” „… comparative legal perspective by examining how the interrelated issues of sovereignty and secession are …”

Andrea Carlà The Politics of Events: Twenty Years of 9/11 S. 681-708

„… Washington and Madrid at both the institutional, legal and policy levels. While US migration agencies were …” „… . Indeed, it was followed by significant changes at the institutional, legal and policy levels. As a result …” „… authorities, whose primary task was protecting the country.At the legal and policy level, after 9/11 there was …”

Aistė Mickonytė The Law and Politics of the Freedom of Religion: The Achbita Case of the European Court of Justice S. 757-770

„… underexplored – yet not at all undisputed – question has come to the fore of the legal order of the European …” „… fundamental freedom of religion. This venue of legal and political disputes revealed itself in particular with …” „… Solutions (Rs C-157/15) in European Legal Scholarship”, in: Hinghofer-Szalkay/Kalb (eds), Islam, Recht und …”

Benedikt Harzl Nation und Territorium im Wechselspiel von Recht, Ideologie und Konflikt: Notizen zur Weichenstellung der Konfrontation am Ende der Sowjetunion S. 909-930

„… separate language, but without its own literature; nationalities, moreover, which are in a state of …” „… so on, who speak different languages but do not possess a literature of their own? To what nations …” „… to develop their own culture, language, even ranging to the right of secession. Nationalism was …”

Michael Keating Building on Sand? Some Thoughts on the Ontological and Normative Foundations of Self-Determination S. 931-940

„… twentieth century knew this when the changed from the language of regionalism (Lliga Regionalista) to …” „… relations, language, religion and history. Rather than being the independent variable, it is the dependent …” „… ). Quebec has defined legal boundaries but within it are claims from indigenous peoples and the local …”

Kerstin Wonisch Religious Minorities in the Middle East: Caught between remnants of Islamic Law and Sectarian Politics S. 789-814

„… Lebanon fostered. Legal-political steps imposed on Middle Eastern countries such as Bahrain …” „… essential to recognize the cultural categories along which the Middle East is constructed, namely language …” „… the equal protection of all citizens in social, economic and legal matters12, and the co-existence …”

Florian Bieber Ethnicity and Territory in International Peace Proposals in the Former Yugoslavia S. 1011-1030

„… Because all the republics are able to maintain their own international legal personality, the common …” „… members of parliament for key laws on local government, education, group rights, and the use of languages …” „… minority rights protection, as during the intervening period in which international legal standards …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933113

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