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Daphne Frank - Sustainable Housing Finance for Low-Income Groups

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Daphne Frank

Sustainable Housing Finance for Low-Income Groups

Series: Weltwirtschaft und internationale Zusammenarbeit

Volume 2 2008

Results in this title

The Definition of Sustainability S. 31-32

„… 315. The Definition of Sustainability During the last 20 years the word 'sustainability' has become …” „… sustainability dates back to the 19th century and was first used in forestry: wood was only felled if the same …” „… amount could be re-planted. Here, sustainability functions to maintain a system or it claims to maintain …”

Conclusions from the Sustainability Analysis S. 235-239

„… 235 1. Conclusions from the Sustainability Analysis a) An Extended Concept of Sustainability: the …” „… Importance of Social NetworksIt is important to analyse the factors that can contribute to the sustainability …” „… of government housing finance programs. Sustainability in this context means that a program is …”

Criteria for the Analysis of Sustainability S. 36-40

„… Sustainability). 37Table I.2: List of Criteria for the Analysis of SustainabilityEconomicSustainability …” „… place. The groups in detail: Economic SustainabilityThese are criteria that deal with economic aspects …” „… financial support. Institutional SustainabilityDifferent types of cooperating partners and participating …”

General Evaluation of the Programs’ Sustainability S. 192-221

„… 1922.2. General Evaluation of the Programs’ Sustainability In the following sections the case …” „… studies will be discussed in relation to their strengths and weaknesses regarding sustainability. Some key …” „… sustainability. 153It is possible to recognize certain weaknesses that are common to all of the program types …”

A Sociological Evaluation of the Sustainability of Housing Programs S. 221-228

„… 221 2.3. A Sociological Evaluation of the Sustainability of HousingPrograms2.3.1. Modernization and …”

Overview of Analysis Results S. 180-192

„… 1802. Sustainability of Different Program Types 2.1. Overview of Analysis Results In the …” „… introduction (part I), a set of criteria was established for the key issues regarding sustainability. These are …” „… criterion relating to sustainability. The second column contains an assessment of each criterion, with a …”

Research Hypothesis and Key Questions S. 32-34

„… evaluated. Part IV: Analysis of SustainabilityIn the fourth section the case studies are discussed using the …” „… no single definition of sustainability, however. Even at the 'Wuppertal Institute for Climate …” „… , Environment and Energy', one of the main institutions in Germany, which deals with sustainability on a day to …”

State of the Art S. 29-31

„… collapse after their operation. There is little fundamental literature that compares the sustainability of …” „… urgently required. 315. The Definition of Sustainability During the last 20 years the word 'sustainability …” „… word sustainability dates back to the 19th century and was first used in forestry: wood was only felled …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… and sustainability of housing programs. This book deals mainly with research into the implementation …” „… emphasis on institutions. The core analytical tool is the sustainability model, which takes into account …” „… period that my ideas on the sustainability of housing finance programs first began to take shape. I am …”

Hybrid Programs S. 179-180

„… . Sustainability of Different Program Types 2.1. Overview of Analysis Results In the introduction (part I), a set …” „… of criteria was established for the key issues regarding sustainability. These are examined and …” „… relating to sustainability. The second column contains an assessment of each criterion, with a brief …”

Figures and Tables S. 13-14

„… : List of Analyzed Case Studies 34Table I.2: List of Criteria for the Analysis of Sustainability 37Table …” „… Sustainability, Chile 93Table III.3: Numbers of Housing Units Built, BH and PH program 100Table III.4: Minimum …” „… Average Investment for a Single Housing Improvement 113Table III.5: Criteria for Sustainability, Ecuador …”

Primary and Secondary Sources S. 36

„… guide rather than as precise information. 8.2. Criteria for the Analysis of Sustainability In order to …” „… on the multidimensionality of sustainability and therefore comprise aspects that characterize the …” „… sustainability, i.e. each criterion that is fulfilled contributes to the overall sustainability of a housing …”

Results S. 119-126

„… relation to the previously defined criteria of sustainability. The first two columns contain the number and …” „… further clarification. Table III.5: Criteria for Sustainability, Ecuador No. Criteria Statement and …” „… Comment 1. Economic Sustainability 1a Good Macroeconomic Situation (context) No, the country did not …”

Selected Case Studies S. 34-36

„… Analysis of Sustainability In order to carry out a systematic analysis, 36 criteria were identified (table …” „… studies, the theoretical background and on the multidimensionality of sustainability and therefore …” „… criterion relates to the question of sustainability, i.e. each criterion that is fulfilled contributes to …”

Results S. 165-174

„… relation to the previously defined criteria of sustainability. The first two columns contain the number and …” „… further explanation. Table III.10: Criteria for Sustainability, Thailand No. Criteria Statement and …” „… Comment 1. Economic Sustainability 1a Good Macroeconomic Situation (context) Yes, the country had a …”

Objectives of the Research S. 27-29

„… because of institutional deficiencies. The sustainability of housing finance programs has not yet been …” „… conditions. Long-term, and not short-term, outlooks are therefore essential. Sustainability in this context …” „… aspects. In contrast to cost-covering, sustainability means institutionally self-sustaining. Therefore it …”

Abstract S. 19-22

„… number of countries around the world, but it is important to define what is meant by sustainability in …” „… this context, and to analyse the conditions that can contribute towards sustainability in government …” „… sustainable housing solutions and that non-monetary criteria play an even more critical role in sustainability …”

The Problem S. 25-27

„… unsustainable. Sustainability generally means that housing finance programs create permanent, self-sustaining …” „… because of institutional deficiencies. The sustainability of housing finance programs has not yet been …” „… conditions. Long-term, and not short-term, outlooks are therefore essential. Sustainability in this context …”

Perspectives for the Future S. 250-254

„… to analyse the sustainability of housing programs. Over 36 criteria for sustainability have been …” „… concept of social networks is therefore fundamental in the definition of sustainability. It is also clear …”

Results S. 142-154

„… relation to the previously defined criteria of sustainability. The first two columns contain the number and …” „… further clarification. Table III.7: Criteria for Sustainability, South Africa No. Criteria Statement and …” „… Comment 1. Economic Sustainability 1a GoodMacroeconomic Situation(context)PL and PHP: Yes, the country had …”

Results S. 93-107

„… relation to the previously defined criteria of sustainability. The first two columns contain the number and …” „… further clarification. Table III.2: Criteria for Sustainability, Chile No. Criteria Statement and Comment …” „… 1. Economic Sustainability 1a Good Macroeconomic Situation (context) BH and PH: Yes, the country …”

Recommendations for Community-Driven Programs S. 248-250

„… analyse the sustainability of housing programs. Over 36 criteria for sustainability have been defined and …” „… concept of social networks is therefore fundamental in the definition of sustainability. It is also clear …”

Roles of the Key Actors S. 160-165

„… program in relation to the previously defined criteria of sustainability. The first two columns contain …” „… additional comment provides further explanation. Table III.10: Criteria for Sustainability, Thailand No …” „… . Criteria Statement and Comment 1. Economic Sustainability 1a Good Macroeconomic Situation (context) Yes …”

Roles of the Key Actors S. 83-93

„… previously defined criteria of sustainability. The first two columns contain the number and list of criteria …” „… clarification. Table III.2: Criteria for Sustainability, Chile No. Criteria Statement and Comment 1. Economic …” „… Sustainability 1a Good Macroeconomic Situation (context) BH and PH: Yes, the country had a good macroeconomic …”

Roles of the Key Actors S. 111-119

„… results of the program in relation to the previously defined criteria of sustainability. The first two …” „… additional comment provides further clarification. Table III.5: Criteria for Sustainability, Ecuador No …” „… . Criteria Statement and Comment 1. Economic Sustainability 1a Good Macroeconomic Situation (context) No …”

Roles of the Key Actors S. 133-142

„… sustainability. The first two columns contain the number and list of criteria, which were established in the …” „… Sustainability, South Africa No. Criteria Statement and Comment 1. Economic Sustainability 1a GoodMacroeconomic …”

Sources S. 258-286

„… Conning, J. (1999) Outreach, sustainability and leverage in monitored and peer-monitored lending in …” „… Großstadt, Tübingen: Mohr Islam, N. (1996) Sustainability issues in urban housing in a low-income country …” „… settlements, their sustainability, architectural contributions and socioeconomic roles in Cities, Vol. 17, No …”

Context S. 23-25

„… . Sustainability generally means that housing finance programs create permanent, self-sustaining solutions (see …”

Recommendations for All Programs S. 239-247

„… , Evaluation of Sustainability). Some recommendations apply to all programs, while others are directed towards …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212173

Christian Hagist - Demography and Social Health Insurance

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Christian Hagist

Demography and Social Health Insurance

Series: Beiträge zum Gesundheitsmanagement

Volume 19 2008

Results in this title

Sustainability Indicators S. 56-58

„… Austria 56 Table 8: Overview of sustainability indicators (Population Scenario Medium Variant, g …” „… =1.5%, r=3%) Sustainability Indicator Scenario Public Sector Health Sector SQ 222.6 63.6 Sustainability …” „… calculations 3.4.3 Sustainability Indicators Next to the sustainability gap, our second indicator is the future …”

Sustainability Indicators S. 128-130

„… : Overview of sustainability indicators (Population Scenario Principal, g=1.5%, r=3%) Sustainability …” „… Indicator Scenario Public Sector Health Sector SQ 493.5 97.9 Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP of 2003) MTP …” „… 42.0 80.2 SQ 27 22 Soft Transition (in years) MTP 41 71 Source: Own calculations 7.4.3 Sustainability …”

Sustainability Indicators S. 73-75

„… France 73half of the overall sustainability gap of 604.9 per cent of GDP. As one can see, the …” „… the unsustainability of French public finances (Table 12). Table 12: Overview of sustainability …” „… indicators (Population Scenario Central, g=1.5%, r=3%) Sustainability Indicator Scenario Public Sector Health …”

Sustainability Indicators S. 110-112

„… Switzerland 110Table 20: Overview of sustainability indicators (Population Scenario A-00-2005, g …” „… =1.5%, r=3%) Sustainability Indicator Scenario Public Sector Health Sector SQ 40.6 84.2 Sustainability …” „… calculations 6.4.3 Sustainability Indicators Next to the sustainability gap, our second indicator is the future …”

Sustainability Indicators S. 147-149

„… United States of America 147Table 29: Overview of sustainability indicators (Population Scenario …” „… Principal, g=1.5%, r=3%) Sustainability Indicator Scenario Public Sector Health Sector SQ 624.1 189.4 …” „… Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP of 2003) MTP 1661.1 1226.5 SQ 6.87 2.1 Future Generations’ Burden (in % of GDP …”

Sustainability Indicators S. 92-94

„… 75 80 85 90 95 100Age in 2003Thousand EurosSQ MTPSource: Own calculations 5.4.3 Sustainability …” „… Indicators The intertemporal public liabilities which build the base of the sustainability gap are nothing …” „… sustainability terms.84 83 To be correct the x-axis would have …”

Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps S. 124-128

„… on fiscal sustainability can be and so every approximately realistic scenario is useful in this sense …” „… in section 7.3. 7.4.2 Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps As we have seen in the last …” „… factors, the demographics, governmental spending and growth are included in the forthcoming sustainability …”

Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps S. 89-92

„… made in section 5.3. 5.4.2 Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps Figure 26 shows the …” „… the fiscal liabilities. This is also shown by the sustainability gap which is the weighted sum of all …” „… to base-year’s GDP. In the standard setting, Germany’s sustainability gap constitutes of 408.5 per …”

Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps S. 53-56

„… takes into account the analyses made in section 3.3, MTP. 3.4.2 Generational Accounts and Sustainability …” „… where the shoe will pinch for the next decades is also shown by the sustainability gap for Austria …” „… sustainability gap for the whole public sector in the SQ scenario is 222.6 per cent of GDP which can be divided …”

Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps S. 143-147

„… fiscal sustainability can be and so every approximately realistic scenario is useful in this sense. For …” „… 8.3. 8.4.2 Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps In certain American tabloids France and …” „… unsustainable finances caused by the health sector. These facts are also reflected in the sustainability gap of …”

Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps S. 106-110

„… Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps Figure 36 shows the Generational Accounts for the Swiss public …” „… , the SQ scenario indicates only the consequences for the fiscal sustainability caused by the …” „… indicator sustainability gap which amounts to 40.7 per cent of GDP (Table 20). The health sector is …”

Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps S. 69-73

„… 4.3 for details). 4.4.2 Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps For our analysis of the French …” „… yields the value for our indicator sustainability gap which amounts to 351.0 per cent of GDP. The health …” „… sustainability gap of 604.9 per cent of GDP. As one can see, the leverage of the medical-technical progress and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… , demographic change, fiscal sustainability, generational accounting, medical-technical progress, Austria …” „… Analyzing the growth of public health expenditure in Austria 48 3.4 Sustainability Analysis 49 3.4.1 Data …” „… and Assumptions 49 3.4.2 Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps 53 3.4.3 Sustainability …”

The fiscal situation in the long-run S. 160-164

„… sustainability gaps of our six countries in our standard scenario with a growth rate of 1.5 per cent and a …” „… . Countries are ranked according to the level of their sustainability gap. Figure 62: Sustainability gaps of …” „… France are playing in the same league with a sustainability gap of almost four times their GDP. Here, in …”

List of Tables S. 15-16

„… 15List of Tables Table 1: Sustainability Indicators 29 Table 2: Generational Accounting studies …” „… : Overview of sustainability indicators 56 Table 9: Central Assumptions of French Population Projections 62 …” „… Government in 2003 69 Table 12: Overview of sustainability indicators 73 Table 13: Central Assumptions of …”

United States of America S. 233-243

„… : Sensitivity Analysis I – US Public Sector Sustainability Indicators: SQ and MTP (in parentheses) Spread …” „… Indicators Population Projection Intermediate High Variant Low Variant Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP …” „… ) Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 433.9 (1096.0) 542.3 (1362.0) 357.4 (911.7) Future Generations’ Burden (in % of …”

Generational Accounting – Methodology S. 24-30

„… answer questions about a country’s fiscal sustainability and its intergenerational balance or misbalance …” „… Accounting – Methodology To measure the sustainability of a country’s public sector we use the method of …” „… 1 For an overview of the history of fiscal sustainability and methods to measure it, see …”

Austria S. 184-193

„… : Sensitivity Analysis I – Austrian Public Sector Sustainability Indicators: SQ and MTP (in parentheses) Spread …” „… Indicators Population Projection Medium High Low Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 340.7 (942.9) 860.8 …” „… ) 5.2 (13.6) g=2.0% r=3.0% Soft Transition (in years) 9 (23) 13 (26) 8 (20) Sustainability Gap (in % of …”

France S. 193-203

„… : Sensitivity Analysis I – French Public Sector Sustainability Indicators: SQ and MTP (in parentheses) Spread …” „… Indicators Population Projection Medium High Low Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 267.7 (440.0) 380.7 …” „… ) 7.1 (11.9) g=2.0% r=4.0% Soft Transition (in years) 15 (23) 17 (26) 12 (20) Sustainability Gap (in …”

Switzerland S. 214-224

„… : Sensitivity Analysis I – Swiss Public Sector Sustainability Indicators: SQ and MTP (in parentheses) Spread …” „… Indicators Population Projection A-00-2005 B-00-2005 C-00-2005 Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 120.9 …” „… ) 1.4 (22.2) 7.9 (23.6) g=1.0% r=2.0% Soft Transition (in years) 6 (32) 2 (31) 12 (38) Sustainability …”

United Kingdom S. 224-233

„… (MTP)Source: Own calculations Appendix 227Table 69: Sensitivity Analysis I – UK Public Sector Sustainability …” „… Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 354.3 (578.4) 495.6 (786.9) 251.6 (423.2) Future Generations’ Burden (in % of …” „… ) 27 (42) 30 (45) 23 (39) Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 496.3 (825.9) 744.1 (1197.5) 328.9 (567.2 …”

Summary and Conclusion for Switzerland S. 114-115

„… -00-2005), again backed by all indicators. The shortcomings of our first sustainability indicator, the …” „… sustainability gap, can be seen in the case of accounting for the medical-technical progress for the whole public …” „… , the sustainability gap now favors the low population scenario in terms of sustainability. Obviously …”

The fiscal situation in the short-run S. 158-160

„… analysis aims to clarify whether the population size really matters in terms of sustainability as a higher …” „… compare the results of our sustainability analyses from the last six chapters and will thereby try to …” „… identify who is really going broke. 9.2 Comparison of sustainability indicators in the SQ scenario As we …”

Germany S. 203-214

„… : Own calculations Appendix 208Table 55: Sensitivity Analysis I – German Public Sector Sustainability …” „… Variant 5 W1 Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 313.5 (516.8) 371.7 (598.8) 294.2 (468.5) Future Generations …” „… Transition (in years) 27 (44) 29 (46) 30 (49) Sustainability Gap (in % of GDP) 408.5 (696.8) 500.5 (831.2 …”

Sensitivity Analysis S. 130-132

„… or decrease like the sustainability gap. Regarding our three population scenarios for the UK it can …” „… sustainability gap and the future generations’ burden are highly sensitive to changes in the …” „… the outset (i.e. the calculation starts with the base-year) our sustainability ranking from above …”

Sensitivity Analysis S. 149-151

„… results from the level of the selected parameters. The results for all sustainability indicators can be …” „… some degree the above behavior of this indicator. However, the sustainability gap and the future …” „… with the base-year) our sustainability ranking from above holds (low over medium over high variant …”

Sensitivity Analysis S. 94-96

„… affect the sustainability of the German system. Furthermore we choose five different sets of growth and …” „… ) and declining (Variant 5 W1). According to our indicator sustainability gap the most favorable …” „… demographic development for Germany in terms of sustainability would be a declining population (pessimistic …”

Sensitivity Analysis S. 112-114

„… sustainability indicator, the sustainability gap, can be seen in the case of accounting for the medical-technical …” „… our population scenarios, the sustainability gap now favors the low population scenario in terms of …” „… sustainability. Obviously, the ratio between a dynamic value such as the intertemporal public liabilities and a …”

Data and Assumptions S. 86-89

„… Sustainability Analysis As we have seen in the last sections, Germany faces an intense ageing process measured by …” „… in our sustainability analysis. To do this we firstly shortly describe our data and central …” „… Generational Accounts and our sustainability indicators. The chapter closes with a sensitivity analysis and a …”

Sensitivity Analysis S. 75-77

„… calculations. While indicators solely based on the intertemporal public liabilities like the sustainability gap …” „… sustainability gap moves between 164.4 and 267.7 per cent given our five different growth-interest-spreads …” „… , the sustainability gap and the future generations’ burden are highly sensitive to changes in the …”

Data and Assumptions S. 104-106

„… intergenerational imbalances as the next section will show. 6.4 Sustainability Analysis In this section we use the …” „… Accounts and the associated sustainability indicators of the Swiss public sector. Beforehand we describe …” „… sustainability indicators in subsection 6.4.3. 6.4.1 Data and Assumptions According to OECD (2006b), the explicit …”

Data and Assumptions S. 141-143

„… United States of America 1418.4 Sustainability Analysis In this section we will use our population …” „… sustainability analysis on the basis of Generational Accounting. Firstly we will present our data basis except …” „… present the first findings of Generational Accounts and our first sustainability indicator the …”

Generational Accounting – Empiricism S. 33-37

„… sustainability indicators are a reliable tool of measurement in evaluating the effects of certain reform …” „… ). 17 Coombs and Dollery (2006) are investigating regional differences of fiscal sustainability with …” „… made major improvements of its fiscal sustainability during the early 1990s. However, Italy is still in …”

Sensitivity Analysis S. 58-60

„… indicators stay more or less the same or decrease like the sustainability gap. Austria 59Figure 11: Real …” „… of this indicator relates to the future size of Austria’s population. In any case, the sustainability …” „… outset (i.e. the calculation starts with the base-year) our sustainability ranking from above holds (low …”

Summary and Conclusion for the US S. 151

„… sensitivity analysis is not as a clear-cut as in the above case. While the sustainability gap holds the …” „… prefer the high variant while others (revenue gap, transfer gap, sustainability gap) support the …” „… GDP due to these developments. Even without including these trends in our sustainability analysis we …”

Analyzing the growth of public health expenditure in Austria S. 48-49

„… forthcoming sections we only discuss Generational Accounts and our selected sustainability indicators …” „… will show. 3.4 Sustainability Analysis In this section we use the demographic projection introduced in …” „… sustainability indicators of the Austrian public sector. Beforehand we describe our data used in subsection 3.4.1 …”

Data and Assumptions S. 49-53

„… Sustainability Analysis In this section we use the demographic projection introduced in section 3.2 and the …” „… results from section 3.3 to derive the Generational Accounts and the associated sustainability indicators …” „… the Generational Accounts in subsection 3.4.2 and the sustainability indicators in subsection 3.4.3 …”

Introduction S. 21-23

„… computable general equilibrium analyses, the “fiscal sustainability” approach of the OECD and econometric …” „… method of Generational Accounting and the sustainability indicators used, a short discussion of the …” „… sustainability indicators derived in Chapter 2. The aim here is to show the relative position of each country …”

Analyzing the growth of public health expenditure in the US S. 138-141

„… rather arbitrary. United States of America 1418.4 Sustainability Analysis In this section we will use …” „… expenditure to perform a sustainability analysis on the basis of Generational Accounting. Firstly we will …” „… section 8.4.2 we then present the first findings of Generational Accounts and our first sustainability …”

Demographic Developments in Comparison S. 156-158

„… . Another indication for a sustainability analysis is the development of the number of inhabitants. As the …” „… matters in terms of sustainability as a higher population also contributes to more public expenditure for …” „… example for health care. The next section will compare the results of our sustainability analyses from the …”

An international comparison S. 243-244

„… Sustainability Gap 40.7 222.6 351.0 408.5 493.5 624.1 Source: Own calculations Table 83: Sustainability …” „… 22 41 41 67 Source: Own calculations Appendix 244Figure 76: Sustainability gaps of six OECD …”

Summary and Conclusion for the UK S. 132

„… extrapolate the costs of this health-related process. Our sustainability analysis shows that the UK’s fiscal …” „… dominant problem in sustainability terms it is not in the UK. From the sustainability gap of the whole …”

Accounting for disproportionate growth of public health expenditure S. 164-167

„… mark-ups in our sustainability analysis the results are astonishing.154 Public health expenditure now …” „… sustainability gap in an international comparison, we use it to demonstrate the effect of considering the …” „… medical-technical progress. This is mainly due to the fact that the sustainability can be separated at best into …”

Summary and Conclusion for France S. 77-78

„… . While at the outset (i.e. the calculation starts with the base-year) our sustainability ranking from …” „… most growing population (the Scenario Haute) is the most favorable in sustainability terms. As in all …” „… indicators except the sustainability gap vary within relatively narrow boundaries. So our conclusion that the …”

List of Figures S. 17-18

„… Figure 62: Sustainability gaps of six OECD countries – SQ scenario 160 Figure 63: Sustainability gaps of …” „… : Sustainability gaps of six OECD countries with equal mark-ups 244 …”

Analyzing the growth of public health expenditure in Germany S. 85-86

„… will show. 5.4 Sustainability Analysis As we have seen in the last sections, Germany faces an intense …” „… implement these findings in our sustainability analysis. To do this we firstly shortly describe our data and …” „… presentation of Generational Accounts and our sustainability indicators. The chapter closes with a sensitivity …”

Analyzing the growth of public health expenditure in Switzerland S. 103-104

„… imbalances as the next section will show. 6.4 Sustainability Analysis In this section we use the demographic …” „… the associated sustainability indicators of the Swiss public sector. Beforehand we describe our data …” „… sustainability indicators in subsection 6.4.3. 6.4.1 Data and Assumptions According to OECD (2006b), the explicit …”

Data and Assumptions S. 122-124

„… Sustainability Analysis After we have simulated the demographic development of the UK in three different …” „… is to show how devastating the impact of the medical-technical progress on fiscal sustainability can …” „… Generational Accounts and Sustainability Gaps As we have seen in the last sections the UK faces a double-ageing …”

Constant age-specific profiles – A reasonable assumption? S. 40-42

„… status quo and medicalization hypothesis regarding the sustainability gap. The most accurate sensitivity …” „… Sustainability measurement is an important research topic in the field of public finance since the early 1990s …” „… . To measure fiscal sustainability economists have developed various instruments. One of these …”

References S. 174-183

„… Generationenverträge, No. 15. Benz, U. and S. Fetzer (2006), Indicators for Measuring Fiscal sustainability: A …” „… ), Generational Accounting for Italy, in: Bank of Italy (ed.), Fiscal sustainability, Rome, 501-557. Cardarelli, R …” „… (2005), En route to sustainability: history, status quo, and future reforms of the German public pension …”

Summary and Conclusion S. 42

„… ) 2.6 Summary and Conclusion Sustainability measurement is an important research topic in the field of …” „… public finance since the early 1990s. To measure fiscal sustainability economists have developed various …”

Summary and Conclusion for Germany S. 96

„… Germany 96 dicator is again the sustainability gap. However, our conclusion that the German system …” „… beginning on the case of declining population is the worst in sustainability terms. Both the delayed revenue …”

Summary and Conclusion S. 167-168

„… scenario shown in Figure 63 could be the outcome.156 Figure 63: Sustainability gaps of six OECD countries …” „… sustainability is an arbitrary business. However, we have developed a benchmark scenario which could be quite …”

Data and Assumptions S. 67-69

„… the future will lead to intergenerational imbalances as the next section will show. 4.4 Sustainability …” „… Accounts and Sustainability Gaps For our analysis of the French public finances with a special focus on the …”

The demographic development of the United States of America S. 133-136

„… will show in section 8.3. After section 8.3, we present our outcomes of the sustainability analysis in …” „… sustainability analysis, the levels are not the important parameter but the dynamics behind it. Here it can be …”

The demographic development of France S. 61-65

„… reflected in our population projections which are needed for our sustainability analysis in the following …” „… sustainability. In the summer of 2004 this reform proposal became law although many experts and the …”

Generational Accounting – Limitations S. 30-33

„… sustainability indicators the following data sets are necessary: Firstly we need a population projection of a …” „… sustainability indicators are a reliable tool of measurement in evaluating the effects of certain reform …”

Austria’s social health insurance scheme S. 46-48

„… and our selected sustainability indicators including the mentioned reform for the social health …”

France’s social health insurance scheme S. 65-66

„… deficits and to restore fiscal sustainability. In the summer of 2004 this reform proposal became law …”

Analyzing the growth of public health expenditure in France S. 66-67

„… the future will lead to intergenerational imbalances as the next section will show. 4.4 Sustainability …”

Analyzing the growth of public health expenditure in the UK S. 121-122

„… Sustainability Analysis After we have simulated the demographic development of the UK in three different …”

Social health insurance in the US S. 136-138

„… sustainability analysis, the levels are not the important parameter but the dynamics behind it. Here it can be …”

The demographic development of Germany S. 79-82

„… three decades (5.3). We then provide in section 5.4 an inclusive presentation of our sustainability …”

The demographic development of the United Kingdom S. 116-119

„… basis for our sustainability analysis and discuss our results in depth. The chapter closes with a …”

Measuring benefit level growth in social health insurance S. 37-40

„… typical developing country. They also describe in detail why fiscal sustainability maybe different between …”

Conclusion – Demography and Social Health Insurance S. 169-173

„… health policy. In our standard scenario living and future generations face a sustainability gap of 3.5 …”

Central Demographic Parameters S. 152-156

„… behind intertemporal liabilities. So to compare different countries with their fiscal sustainability, it …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206646

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Brian C. Black

To Have and Have Not

2022

Results in this title

IV Integrating Sustainability (2000-2022) S. 235-272

„… of SustainabilityGROUND: OPEN COmPETITION fOR ARCTIC ENERGy RESOURCESIs it a new, very cold war …” „… IVINTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY (2000–2022)The layers of energy history run deep in a place such as my …” „… and economic Energy Transitions and the Culture of Sustainability 243engines; having an openness to …”

Preface

„… Sustainability (2000–2022) 235Transitioning by the Numbers: Considering Sustainable Energy 2378. Energy …” „… Transitions and the Culture of Sustainability 241Epilogue: Divining Our Energy Future: Game Over or Game On …”

Epilogue S. 273-278

„… sustainability. Chief among such developments will likely be the maturation of climate change from the status of …”

Introduction S. 1-8

„… has also been transformed with a clear eye toward sustainability and long-term growth while minimizing …”

Index S. 279-300

„… , 17, 249; sources of, 6–7, 39, 40, 239, 250; storage, 41, 77; supply of, 133; sustainability of, 243 …”

I Energy Exchange in the Biological Old Regime (before 1400) S. 9-40

„… instance, David R. Montgomery and Daniel J. Sherman, Environmental Science and Sustainability (New York …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538105047

Mahulena Hofmann, P.J. Blount - Innovation in Outer Space: International and African Legal Perspective

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Mahulena Hofmann (ed.), P.J. Blount (ed.)

Innovation in Outer Space: International and African Legal Perspective

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 15 2018

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Olga Stelmakh-Drescher Global Space Governance for Space Sustainability S. 65-90

„… Global Space Governance for Space Sustainability Olga Stelmakh-Drescher* Abstract This paper is on …” „… space sustainability as an important area of Global Space Governance. It reviews the relevant …” „… relevance to space sustainability. Additionally, the space sustainability aspect of Global Space Governance …”

Marco Ferrazzani The Development of a New Space Economy and of Mega-Constellations S. 91-112

„… . ‘Space and sustainability’ has been a central topic of the work of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses …” „… of Outer Space (COPUOS) for years, mainly under the heading ‘Long-term sustainability of space …” „… possibilities for Member States in this respect. Sustainability should also be in the self-interest of industry …”

Fabio Tronchetti Environmental Law Aspects S. 137-152

„… does not compromise the long-term sustainability of space activities. Introduction In the early decades …” „… , United States. 137 sustainability of space activities.1 A series of events, such as the 2009 …” „… the management and sustainability of mega constellation projects. The pollution of the space …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Development 53 Mitsuhiro Sakamoto Global Space Governance for Space Sustainability 65 Olga Stelmakh-Drescher …”

Timiebi Aganaba-Jeanty Realizing a Regional African Space Program S. 257-272

„… ) [Outer Space Treaty/OST]. 2 Timiebi Aganaba-Jeanty (2016) “Space Sustainability and the Freedom of Outer …” „… Sustainability” Online: https://swfound. org/media/46125/emergingspaceactors_report-august2011.pdf. 7 Notes taken …”

Petr Havlík UNISPACE+50 from the Perspective of Regional Cooperation S. 273-278

„… (UNOOSA). We are happy that the UNCOPUOS agreed on the first set of guidelines for the sustainability of …”

Mahulena Hofmann, P.J. Blount Innovation in Outer Space: International and African Legal Perspectives – Lessons Learned S. 9-18

„… Space Governance for Space Sustainability,” in this book, p. 65 ff. 13 Convention on International …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290256

Alfons Bora, Michael Decker, Armin Grunwald, Ortwin Renn - Technik in einer fragilen Welt

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Alfons Bora (ed.), Michael Decker (ed.), Armin Grunwald (ed.), Ortwin Renn (ed.)

Technik in einer fragilen Welt

Series: Gesellschaft - Technik - Umwelt

Volume 7 2005

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Bernhard Truffer, Jan-Peter Voß, Kornelia Konrad Sustainability Foresight. Reflexive Gestaltung von Transformationsprozessen in deutschen Versorgungssystemen S. 255-266

„… Sustainability-Foresight-Methode Angesichts dieser Ausgangslage schlägt der Sustainability-Foresight-Ansatz eine Methode vor, mit …” „… vorgestellte Sustainability-Foresight-Methode formuliert einen Vorschlag, wie eine solche Analyse für die …” „… zentrale Rolle. Diesem Ziel widmet sich die Sustainability-Foresight-Methode. 2 Die …”

Jan-Peter Voß Innovation of Governance – How do new policies develop and become implemented? S. 509-516

„… , promotion of regional innovation clusters, foresight, sustainability strategy, etc. For the analysis of how …” „… for renewable energy, green electricity labels, sustainability strategy. The sample represents a wide …” „… to Sustainability Through Processes of Niche Formation: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management …”

Bjørn Ludwig Unternehmensprozesse – Potenziale für Technikfolgenabschätzung S. 437-446

„… . http://www.technowledgement.de/ Ludwig, B. (2003b): What Technology Knowledge Management Can Do For Sustainability …” „… . „Understanding the Complexity of Environmental Issues: A Way to Sustainability“, Presentation, SETAC Europe 13th …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… ? ........................................................... 245 Stephan Lingner Sustainability Foresight Reflexive Gestaltung von Transformationsprozessen in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845271071

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