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Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer - EU Digital Law

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Reiner Schulze (ed.), Dirk Staudenmayer (ed.)

EU Digital Law

2020

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Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase Article 8 Protection of personal data S. 583-586

„… 8 Protection of personal data 1. The processing of personal data carried out within the framework of …” „… , 714. 23 Walter in: Loewenheim, § 58, mn. 24–25. 24 Ehle/Werner, 380. Protection of personal data Art …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I. Compliance with data protection laws …”

Reiner Schulze Article 1 Subject matter and purpose S. 11-43

„… fully recognising that the protection of personal data is a fundamental right and that therefore …” „… protection of personal data provides for an exhaustive list of legal grounds for the lawful processing of …” „… the processing of personal data. Union law provides a comprehensive framework on the protection of …”

Dominik Lubasz, Monika Namysłowska Article 7 Unsolicited commercial communication S. 438-445

„… of the Distance Selling Directive and the former 1997 Data Protection Directive7. However, in Recital …” „… 14, the EU legislator expressed the opinion that the 19958 and 1997 Data Protection Directives, which …” „… fully consistent with the principles relating to the protection of personal data, in particular with …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 7 579 Protection of personal data …” „… of the Institute for Intellectual Property, Data Protection and Information Technology (IGEDI …” „… Court GDPR General Data Protection Regulation GJ advances Global Jurist advances GPR Zeitschrift für das …”

Christian Twigg-Flesner Article 16 Obligations of the trader in the event of termination S. 278-297

„… concerning contracts for the supply of digital content’ COM(2015) 634 final; European Data Protection …” „… General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Commentary (Globe Law and Business 2018); Spindler …” „… ), p. 251–274; Weber, ‘Data Protection in the Termination of Contract’ in: Contracts for the Supply of …”

Juliette Sénéchal Article 2 Definitions S. 43-57

„… Data Protection Supervisor, ‘Opinion on the Proposal for a Directive on certain aspects concerning …” „… cross-reference indicates the strong interactions between European consumer law and European data protection law …” „… example, a program used to run a computer (e.g. the 1. 39 European Data Protection Supervisor, 3 …”

Dominik Lubasz, Monika Namysłowska Article 5 General information to be provided S. 404-429

„… October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the …” „… December 1997 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the …” „… for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which has been ratified by all the Member …”

Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase Introduction Introduction to Portability Regulation S. 495-527

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3. Data protection …” „… concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications …” „… protection The adequate protection and diligent processing of personal data has gained enormous importance …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Article 3 Scope S. 57-91

„… Union act shall take precedence over this Directive. 8. Union law on the protection of personal data …” „… ); European Data Protection Supervisor, ‘Opinion 4/2017 on the Proposal for a Directive on certain aspects …” „… identifier that might enable individuals to be identified. However, the European Data Protection Supervisor …”

Damjan Možina Article 21 Enforcement S. 329-332

„… , organisations or associations, active in the field of the protection of data subjects' rights and freedoms as …” „… or, only with regard to data protection, non-profit bodies in the sense of Art. 80 GDPR, have the …” „… , is also not directly connected with consumer protection.48 Furthermore, the preamble to the parallel …”

Evelyne Terryn, Joyce Vandenbulcke Article 5 Information requirements for contracts other than distance or off-premises contracts S. 347-372

„… data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and …” „… November 2019 as regards the better enforcement and modernisation of Union consumer protection rules] (Text …” „… 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in …”

Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer Introduction S. 1-11

„… Charter) and the adoption of the GDPR, is the protection of personal data. Digitisation therefore presents …” „… (e.g. with regard to data protection, copyright, telecommunications law and general media law).48 3. 4 …” „… Europe’ (July 2014); Lohsse/Schulze/Staudenmayer, ‘Trading Data in the Digital Economy’ in …”

Article 11 Final provisions S. 589-596

„… the protection of personal data. The Commission’s report shall be accompanied, if appropriate, by a …” „… 46 – data protection D Intro 45 – exception to territoriality D Intro 33 – impact assessment D …” „… – conditions A 13 19 et seq. – consequences A 17 7, 8 – consumer's obligations A 17 7, 8 – data protection …”

Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase Article 5 Verification of the Member State of residence S. 560-575

„… requires the processing of personal data. Accordingly, data protection principles are to be adhered to. II …” „… proposal simply referred to the need to comply with the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC and the ePrivacy …” „… Otherwise, data protection issues may arise: cf. Peifer, 12. 19 Roos, 150. 20 Engels/Nordemann in …”

Damjan Možina Article 22 Mandatory nature S. 332-335

„… may take action. It is not a matter of choice. The term legitimate interest’ in consumer protection is …” „… Digital Content Directive which are related to the consumer’s (data subjects’) personal data and not all …” „… arrangements that go beyond the protection provided for in this Directive. Bibliography: Bianca/Grundmann (eds …”

Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase Article 7 Contractual provisions S. 579-583

„… (copyright) contract law.24 Article 8 Protection of personal data 1. The processing of personal data carried …” „… . Protection of personal data Art. 8 Nils Rauer / Lea Kaase 583 14 15 16 …” „… . Therefore, the law of the country applies where the protection is claimed.23 The legal fiction laid down in …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Article 15 No general obligation to monitor S. 489-495

„… detriment of freedom to conduct business, the users’ right to protection of their personal data and their …” „… intercept user data. B. Context The scope of Art. 15 extends to intermediary services that transmit, cache …” „… it to actively monitor all the data related to every one of his recipients in order to avoid future …”

Dominik Lubasz, Monika Namysłowska Article 6 Information to be provided S. 429-438

„… the General Data Protection Regulation (Arts 12–14). The Misleading and Comparative Advertising …” „… Council concerning the respect for private life and the protection of personal data in electronic …” „… commercial practices, protection of personal data in personalised advertising, rules governing promotions and …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Introduction to Arts 12–15 S. 458-462

„… information, data protection and freedom to conduct business could be compromised. The E-Commerce Directive …” „… ; Commission, ‘Public consultation on the regulatory environment for platforms, online intermediaries, data and …” „… environment for data and cloud computing’ (May 2016) (‘Synopsis report’); Commission, ‘Online Platforms and …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Article 12 “Mere conduit” S. 462-469

„… : An Overview’ (March, 2017); Kaléda, ‘The Role of the Principle of Effective Judicial Protection in …” „… Internet service providers, network backbone operators, and mobile data gateways, but also operators of …” „… ’ takes place in reducing file size through data compression, because its only function is to reduce the …”

Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase Article 9 Application to existing contracts and rights acquired S. 586-589

„… Regulation on SMEs and the protection of personal data. The Commission’s report shall be accompanied, if …” „… III. Art. 8(3): Destruction of data Art. 8(3) lays down the foundational rules for the erasure of …” „… personal data collected. The providers need to immediately and irreversibly destroy the data collected when …”

Evelyne Terryn, Joyce Vandenbulcke Article 16 Exceptions from the right of withdrawal S. 399-404

„… ). The more elaborate conditions on consent of the General Data Protection Regulation may also inspire to …” „… provided in return for personal data, there are no additional conditions for the consumer to lose his right …” „… cannot provide additional protection to consumers by granting a right of withdrawal in these situations …”

Frank Rosenkranz Article 9 Incorrect integration of the digital content or digital service S. 168-183

„… functionality, including applicable technical protection measures, of the digital content and any relevant …” „… all physical components of a data processing system according to a general understanding. This …” „… data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.23 Usually, accessories such as mouse …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Article 13 “Caching” S. 469-475

„… cludes the protection granted to the intermediary. The contrasting treatment given to different …” „… industry, to obtain data on the use of the information; and (e) the provider acts expeditiously to remove …” „… the same protection.16 The discussion also extends to the cache storage that the main search engines …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Article 27 Addressees S. 346-347

„… properly functioning digital single market and other relevant EU principles, such as consumer protection …” „… particular the issue of data as counter-performance19 and the updates obligation contained for the first time …” „… protection rules] (Text with EEA relevance) The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union …”

Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase Article 3 Obligation to enable cross-border portability of online content services S. 544-556

„… seq. GDPR have substantially increased the attention companies pay to the protection of personal data …” „… , against the provision of personal data or any other means that may be used to generate revenue (e.g …” „… digital content with the ‘payment’ of data provided by the customers. The different treatment in the …”

Reiner Schulze Article 5 Supply of the digital content or digital service S. 96-107

„… ’). However, the Member States may extend the protection afforded to consumers by the Directive also to …” „… content as data which are produced and supplied in digital form. According to Art. 2 No. 2, the notion of …” „… digital service comprises a service that allows the consumer to create, process, store or access data in …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Article 14 Hosting S. 475-489

„… their fundamental rights (i.a., privacy, data protection, freedom of expression). Indeed, on the one …” „… ), and use of technology to obtain data on the use of the information (d) do not fit in well when copies …” „… intermediary if they adhere to a standard data communication protocol that is generally accepted in the …”

Christian Twigg-Flesner Article 15 Exercise of the right of termination S. 272-278

„… personal data within the meaning of the General Data Protection Regulation. Under Art. 6(1)(a) GDPR …” „… / Schmidt-Kessel, ‘Consumer Data as Consideration’ (2015) 5 EuCML 218–223; Spindler, ‘Contracts for the supply of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5. Withdrawal of consent to processing personal data …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Article 8 Objective requirements for conformity S. 131-168

„… and suggestions for the contours of a model system of consumer protection in relation to digital …” „… program, and as regards digital service27 whether it is for instance a photo editing software, a data …” „… law foresees the right to make private copies, the absence of technical protection measures preventing …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Article 25 Review S. 341-346

„… , where the consumer does not pay a price and the personal data provided by the consumer are processed …” „… . TFEU, which includes among others consistency as such or consumer protection. The aim of the proper …” „… protection. Part of this overall coverage are in particular those issues where the Directives step on the way …”

Reiner Schulze Article 4 Level of harmonisation S. 91-96

„… consumer protection, unless otherwise provided for in this Directive. Bibliography: Bach, ‘Neue Richtlinien …” „… less stringent provisions with regard to the level of consumer protection are permitted. B. Context …” „… directives on consumer protection were limited to the objective of establishing a minimum standard of …”

Article 10 Review S. 589

„… the protection of personal data. The Commission’s report shall be accompanied, if appropriate, by a …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Article 26 Entry into force S. 346

„… properly functioning digital single market and other relevant EU principles, such as consumer protection …” „… particular the issue of data as counter-performance19 and the updates obligation contained for the first time …”

Beate Gsell Article 14 Remedies for lack of conformity S. 241-272

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 II. Interaction with other consumer protection directives …” „… . Interaction with other consumer protection directives Consumer Rights Directive As the Consumer Rights …” „… disputed that the costs to be borne by the trader also include costs for additional data usage incurred by …”

Frank Rosenkranz Article 10 Third-party rights S. 183-199

„… enrichment, confiscation or other prohibitions of distribution. Restrictions from data protection law can …” „… /schmidt_kessel-data.pdf (accessed 25 February 2020). Third-party rights Art. 10 Frank Rosenkranz 185 1 2 3 4 5 …” „… also be relevant if the subject matter of the contract includes the disclosure of personal data …”

Christian Twigg-Flesner Article 17 Obligations of the consumer in the event of termination S. 297-306

„… . 16(4) 2nd sentence, to retrieve any digital content other than personal data once made available by the …” „… protection than envisaged by the Directive, and the fact that the Directive seeks to balance the interests of …” „… could also apply to those contracts where the consumer agrees to provide personal data.22 Where the …”

Evelyne Terryn, Joyce Vandenbulcke Article 8 Formal requirements for distance contracts S. 385-396

„… Protection and Technological Innovation in the Internet of Things’ (2018) 2 EuCML 78–80; Commission, ‘DG …” „… laid down in Art. 8 are thus a form of consumer protection.4 On the other hand, Art. 8 does not intend …” „… Directive’s broader objective of searching the right balance between a high level of consumer protection and …”

Christian Twigg-Flesner Article 18 Time limits and means of reimbursement by the trader S. 306-316

„… personal data,23 the trader may seek a financial payment from the consumer for using the digital …” „… has a consumer protection dimension in that it ensures that the consumer receives the full amount due …” „… would provide a higher level of consumer protection than envisaged by the Digital Content Directive, and …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas Article 10 Information to be provided S. 447-454

„… ; Busch, ‘Does the Amazon Dash Button Violate Consumer EU Law? Balancing Consumer Protection and …” „… data; thus, once again, these information requirements would become irrelevant. This is precisely what …”

Nils Rauer, Lea Kaase Article 2 Definitions S. 530-544

„… portability to data portability: when regulation overlaps with competition law and restrictions can be …” „… and case-law in the field of consumer protection within the EU. 2. 3. 5 For instance, Arts 2 No. 1 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845291888

Daniel Rücker, Tobias Kugler - New European General Data Protection Regulation

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Daniel Rücker (ed.), Tobias Kugler (ed.)

New European General Data Protection Regulation

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

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A. Development and Importance of the Data Protection Reform Daniel Rücker S. 1-8

„… A. Development and Importance of the Data Protection Reform I. Legislative procedure and legal …” „… a new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which was issued by the Commission back in January …” „… 2012. After statements of the European Data Protection Supervisor and several Committees, a new GDPR …”

C. Lawful processing of personal data in companies under the General Data Protection Regulation Sebastian DienstLawful processing of personal data in companies under the GDPR S. 49-104

„… C. Lawful processing of personal data in companies under the General Data Protection Regulation I …” „… protection of personal data has to be considered an Sebastian Dienst 49 241 242 243 introductive guideline …” „… administrative fines also in case of any violations of the rather generic data protection principles of GDPR, art …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Rücker / Kugler A Practitioner’s Guide New European General Data Protection Regulation Leinen …” „… Protection Regulation BUT_Ruecker_3262-3.indd 1 26.10.17 09:12 New European General Data Protection …” „… which has become one of the core assets of digital business. Data protection law is still fragmented …”

B. Scope of application of the GDPR Daniel Rücker S. 9-48

„… opinion on the concept of personal data.1 Secondly, the ultimate purpose of the data protection rules to …” „… therefore does b) aa) 5 Handbook on European data protection law, Council of Europe (ed), 2014, 47. 6 WP 136 …” „… does not exclude social network providers to follow data protection rules but only excludes users of …”

E. Practical examples Tobias Kugler S. 195-286

„… ensure a level of data protection comparable to the one within the EU. Understanding data protection …” „… , consolidation means and international trade in line with data protection law. The following chapter covers the …” „… safeguards or derogations. Adequate level of protection A transfer of personal data to a recipient in a third …”

D. General conditions for data processing in companies under the GDPR Joachim Schrey S. 105-194

„… personal data have to comply with data protection rules in their daily business since the transformation of …” „… data protection law (e.g. Germany) so that this legal concept will be completely new in many Member …” „… comply with their obligations as controllers under data protection rules. Fulfilment of data subject’s …”

Index S. 287-291

„… 555 Board 567, 580, 728 f., 731 f., 752 Breaches of data protection law 802 Call centre 1136 …” „… processing agreement 976 Data protection by default 322, 357, 533, 1202 Data protection by design 322, 357 …” „… , 529, 1202 Data protection certifications 580 Data protection impact assessment 357, 547, 1067, 1152 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276090

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier - International and European Labour Law

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Edoardo Ales (ed.), Mark Bell (ed.), Olaf Deinert (ed.), Sophie Robin-Olivier (ed.)

International and European Labour Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Marta Otto Article 8 CFREU Protection of personal data S. 937-942

„… CHAPTER I EU LAW Article 8 CFREU Protection of personal data Article 8 Protection of personal data …” „… 1. Everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her. 2. Such data …” „… Gutwirth, ‘Data Protection in the Case Law of Strasbourg and Luxemburg: Constitutionalisation in Action …”

Marta Otto Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR) S. 958-981

„… regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection …” „… rights and freedoms of natural persons and in particular their right to the protection of personal data …” „… data. Literature: Colette Cuijpers, Nadezhda Purtova, Eleni Kosta, ‘Data Protection Reform and the …”

Olaf Deinert Introduction: Working Conditions S. 934-937

„… almost all Directives.14 The only exception is the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679. The …” „… reason is that this regulation is founded on another competence, article 16 TFEU on data protection …” „… Conditions 936 Olaf Deinert 7 8 CHAPTER I EU LAW Article 8 CFREU Protection of personal data Article 8 …”

Andreas Bücker Directive 91/533/EEC on an employer’s obligation to inform employees of the conditions applicable to the contract or employment relationship S. 948-958

„… . Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data …” „… and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR) CHAPTER I General …” „… protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and rules relating to the free …”

A.C.L. Davies ILO Convention 181 Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181) S. 911-916

„… time and rest breaks (paragraphs 23 and 24), maternity protection (paragraph 26), and termination of …” „… protection for home workers. ILO Convention 181 Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181) I …” „… protection against child labour, are protected by ratifying states in the agency work setting. The …”

Sara Benedi Lahuerta Directive 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin S. 495-520

„… protection, or that the data could be used against the protected groups.155 For instance, in Hungary and …” „… than ‘Roma’ because, due to data protection 140 Uduak Archibong (dir), International perspectives on …” „… Monitoring and Data Protection – The European Context (Central European University Press, Budapest 2000) 20 …”

Paola Saracini Article 53 CFREU Level of protection S. 244-248

„… Articles 52(3) and 53 CFREU, ruled that restrictions on the right of protection of personal data must …” „… Cases See Article 51 CFREU in this commentary. Article 53 CFREU Level of protection Nothing in this …” „… Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and by the Member States …”

Edoardo Ales ILO Convention 187 Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) S. 1437-1454

„… Conventions and their Protocols are: Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 No. 81; Radiation Protection …” „… (Mining and Transport) Recommendation, 1947 No. 82; Protection of Workers’ Health Recommendation, 1953 No …” „… . 97; Welfare Facilities Recommendation, 1956 No. 102; Radiation Protection Recommendation, 1960 No …”

Sylvaine Laulom Article 30 CFREU Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal S. 942-948

„… F-46/09 CJEU V and European Data Protection Supervisor v European Parliament C-92/09 and C-93/09 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 36 P De Hert and S Gutwirth, ‘Data Protection in the Case Law of Strasbourg and Luxemburg …” „… safeguard the level of protection currently afforded, within their respective scope, by Union law, national …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934 CHAPTER I EU LAW Protection of personal data …” „… protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such …” „… data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR …”

Valérie Michel Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional qualifications S. 713-785

„… European Professional Card under this Directive. In so doing they shall respect personal data protection …” „… 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free …” „… 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic …”

Edoardo Ales ILO Convention 161 Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985 (No. 161) S. 1413-1428

„… takes stock of the Protection of Workers’ Health Recommendation, 1953 n. 97, the Occupational Health …” „… health protection; on the other, as developed by the Convention, that model looks at OSH within the …” „… protection analogous to that provided for” in the Convention and in the Recommendation (para 2.2). Article 4 …”

Sophie Robin-Olivier Non-Standard Work: Introduction S. 868-872

„… labour market regulation, calling in question workers’ protection1. In the last decades, unstable …” „… difficult to reconcile with the protection granted by legislative instruments dealing with atypical work …” „… explicit clause excluding their protection17. The effect of this undefined exclusion was limited by the …”

Pascale Lorber Directive 2002/14/EC establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community S. 1551-1567

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 VIII. Employee representatives’ protection …” „… company and to have a say in decisions that impact on the workforce. The protection of employees is …” „… employees’ representatives of data in order to enable them to acquaint themselves with the subject matter …”

Silvia Borelli Article 8 TFEU S. 7-13

„… only marginally) gender equality indicators and gender disaggregated data23. In particular, no role is …” „… Rights includes some indicators on gender and requires, where possible and relevant, to disaggregate data …” „… single market. Moreover, gender disaggregated data are not always available so that it is not always easy …”

Karin Lukas Article 26 RESC The right to dignity at work S. 343-346

„… , the Committee often recalls that in order to demonstrate the adequacy in practice of the protection …” „… comply with Article 25 in law and in fact22. National reports must provide accurate and precise data. In …” „… . It is essential, though, to assess the level of protection in the States party. Article 26 RESC The …”

Hélène Tissandier Article 25 RESC The right of workers to the protection of their claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer S. 339-343

„… protection of their claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer 1. All workers have the right to …” „… protection of their claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer. 1. 2. 3. 19 In that sense, A M …” „… protection of their claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer, the Parties undertake to provide …”

Edoardo Ales Directive 91/383/EEC supplementing the measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of workers with a fixed-duration employment relationship or a temporary employment relationship S. 1242-1252

„… , provide data disaggregated by gender. Article 17a(2) also provides indications as for the structure of the …” „… protection of young people at work (OJ L 216, 20.8.1994, p. 12). See the Comment by M Benecke in this book. 6 …” „… safety and health at work, the same level of protection as that of other workers in the user undertaking …”

Emmanuelle Mazuyer Article 4 RESC The right to a fair remuneration S. 272-277

„… International (DCI) v. Belgium 2 July 2013 Complaint No. 97/2013 ECSR Association for the protection of All …” „… source.19 The availability in practice of relevant statistical data is important. The victim of such …” „… access to statistical data to analyse effective implementation of the Article 4. Finally, we can consider …”

Marie-Ange Moreau ILO Convention 29 Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) S. 1049-1073

„… 2014 Protocol – Reinforcement of prevention and victims’ protections 104 1. Protocol 2014 – article 1 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3. Protocol 2014 – article 3: Protection of victims …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 4. Protocol 2014 – article 4: Protection of illegal migrants …”

Ellen Birkhahn, Ulla Gläßer Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters S. 1650-1678

„… Dir. 2008/52 15 – variety of styles 9 Dir. 2008/52 56 Data protection 3 II Dir. 2005/36 33; 5 I Art …” „… . General Data Protection Regulation 5 I GDPR 1 Good faith 7 II C 87/98/154 85 Governance Conventions 1 IV …” „… – access to IMI file 3 II Dir. 2005/36 34 – protection of personal data 3 II Dir. 2005/36 32 Imminent and …”

Edoardo Ales Article 5 CFREU Prohibition of slavery and forced labour S. 195

„… Protection of personal data For Article 8, see the comment by M Otto on Part 5, Chapter I. Article 15 CFREU …”

Edoardo Ales Article 15 CFREU Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work S. 195

„… Protection of personal data For Article 8, see the comment by M Otto on Part 5, Chapter I. Article 15 CFREU …”

Siska Dubbert, Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 150 Labour Administration Convention, 1978 (No.150) S. 403-427

„… tasks include, but are not limited to, functions relating to the protection of workers through national …” „… Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948, and the Right to Organise and 12 ILO …” „… Preamble refers specifically to the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell Fundamental Provisions: Introduction S. 1-7

„… Provisions 2 Mark Bell and Edoardo Ales 4 5 6 7 8 (data protection), 30 (protection from unjustified …” „… standards of protection. The contents of this chapter are, therefore, relevant to all of the subsequent …” „… themes: equal opportunities and access to the labour market; fair working conditions; social protection …”

Teun Jaspers Article 5 RESC The right to organise S. 277-286

„… towards the possibility to have access to statistical data to analyse effective implementation of the …” „… associations for the protection of their economic and social interests. With a view to ensuring or promoting …” „… protection of their economic and social interests and to join these organisations, the Contracting Parties …”

Ryszard Cholewinski ILO Conventions 97 and 143 Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97) and Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143) S. 848-868

„… excluded from the protection of the labour laws, making them particularly vulnerable to discrimination …” „… exploitation of one group of workers impedes the application of a level playing field of labour protection …” „… ... [inter alia] protection of the interests of workers when employed in countries other than their own.6 The …”

Siska Dubbert, Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 81 Labour Inspection Convention, 1949 (No. 81) S. 1073-1093

„… an effective system for the protection of workers’ rights is present throughout its Articles, the …” „… which legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers while engaged in …” „… the enforcement of the legal provisions relating to conditions of work and the protection of workers …”

Teun Jaspers Article 29 RESC The right to information and consultation in collective redundancy procedures S. 354-361

„… , amongst others, Article 24 on protection in cases of dismissal. It is inspired by a Directive of the …” „… (1971) dealing with the protection and facilities to be afforded to workers’ representatives in the …” „… consultation within the undertaking and Article 30 is about protection in the event of unjustified dismissal …”

Karin Lukas Article 3 RESC The right to safe and healthy working conditions S. 264-272

„… recognised standard of worker protection, stemming directly from the right to personal 61 Conclusions 2014 …” „… relates to specific provisions for young workers under Art. 7 and to maternity protection under Art 8 of …” „… international reference framework is provided by the respective ILO conventions.28 The protection of temporary …”

Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni ILO Convention 171 Night Work Convention, 1990 (No. 171) S. 1428-1437

„… improve the working and life conditions and ensuring the protection of night workers. It is the result of …” „… safety and maternity protection for all workers performing night work. 2. The measures referred to in …” „… measures shall also be taken in the fields of safety and maternity protection for all workers performing …”

Vania Brino ILO Convention 142 Human Resources Development Convention, 1975 (No. 142) S. 387-391

„… approach that involves “compiling and analysing statistical data and trends as a basis for deciding …” „… guarantee them greater protection and rights given that lack of access to education or training is among the …” „… Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948, the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining …”

Mark Bell Article 21 CFREU Non-discrimination S. 203-209

„… related financial services, subject to requirements around the need for sound actuarial data. This …” „… found in secondary legislation. Yet it does provide an alternative source of legal protection in those …” „… in a situation where the lack of protection arose from an absence of any relevant national …”

Jule Mulder Directive 2006/54/EC on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) S. 547-586

„… equality,3 for example in relation to the special protection provided to pregnant workers and workers on …” „… heavily relied on statistical data in the past but left to the national courts ‘to assess whether the …” „… definition does not directly refer to statistical data. To ensure a coherent interpretation of the concept of …”

Tzehainesh Teklè ILO Convention 100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) S. 602-612

„… ’ in Tzehainesh Teklè (ed), Labour Law and Worker Protection in Developing Countries (Hart Publishing …” „… ) and Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183). As a matter of fact, the realization of equal pay …” „… of international regulations and of national laws and regulations concerning the protection of the …”

Elise Muir, Lisa Waddington Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation S. 520-547

„… and effective protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 1 …” „… of protection from discrimination is provided to all four grounds covered by the Directive. However …” „… protection on the relevant ground. The structure and basic concepts of the Directive (definitions, positive …”

Marco Peruzzi Article 175 TFEU S. 188-195

„… CFREU Protection of personal data For Article 8, see the comment by M Otto on Part 5, Chapter I …” „… and contents of posted workers’ protections, especially those set by collective agreements,28 or by …” „… regions. Besides, if in a social model, alongside the right to social protection, the collective dimension …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier General Introduction

„… ; • minimum wages; • data protection; • dismissal protection; • transfer of undertakings; • educational leave …” „… Deinert and Sophie Robin-Olivier 5 6 • protection of young workers; • protection of pregnant workers …” „… single market (internal market) to a number of policy areas including consumer protection, environmental …”

Directive 89/391/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work Edoardo Ales S. 1210-1242

„… Advisory Committee on Safety, Hygiene and Health Protection at work established in 1974 by Council Decision …” „… disease aetiology connected with work; (b) protection against dangerous substances; (c) prevention of the …” „… of protection to carry on, within the Council, a political bargain from a strength position …”

Maurizio Del Conte, Elena Gramano ILO Convention 88 Employment Service Convention, 1948 (No. 88) S. 375-383

„… , the concept of employment regulation and protection is analyzed especially with reference to incoming …” „… regarding protection and employability is usually greatly underestimated in many countries. 1. 1 The article …” „… adopted concurrently with the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention …”

Adalberto Perulli The Declaration of Philadelphia (DoP) S. 361-375

„… ascribable to the protection of the worker, but it regards – in a wider and renovated sense – the human being …” „… extension of social security in order to ensure a basic salary to all workers and health protection to all …” „… protection of the right to organise and collective bargaining Conv. N. 87/1948 and Conv. N. 98/1949); (b …”

Teun Jaspers Article 21 RESC The right to information and consultation S. 319-330

„… data they need in order to acquire the knowledge so they can effectively protect the workers’ interests …” „… to information of data about general (economic and financial) facts of the company such as the …” „… , difficult to understand data.50 Article 21 is mentioning no other issues as the economic and financial …”

Vania Brino ILO Convention 122 Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No. 122) S. 383-387

„… to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection …” „… analysing statistical data and trends as a basis for deciding measures of employment policy”19. To elaborate …”

Edoardo Ales ILO Convention 155 Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) S. 1392-1413

„… [labour] conditions is urgently required; as, for example, by (…) the protection of the worker against …” „… world programmes which will achieve: (...)(g) adequate protection for the life and health of workers in …” „… . 29); Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise, 1948 (No. 87); Right to Organise …”

Anne Trebilcock ILO Convention 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), Convention 98 – Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) and Convention 154 – Collective Bargaining Convention, 1981 (No. 154) S. 1492-1513

„… Furthermore, in 73 countries with more developed economies, data has shown a decline in protection of freedom …” „… CHAPTER II NON EU LAW ILO Convention 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to …” „… Soares and Wouter Van Acker, ‘The Protection of International Labour Rights: A Longitudinal Analysis of …”

Iacopo Senatori Directive 2009/38/EC on the establishment of a European Works Council S. 1601-1636

„… Directive to enjoy, when exercising their functions, the same protection and guarantees as those provided to …” „… adequate protection as regards dismissal and other sanctions. (35) The Member States must take appropriate …” „… protection of employees. (38) This Directive should be without prejudice to the information and consultation …”

Edoardo Ales Article 29 CFREU Right of access to placement services S. 195-200

„… Protection of personal data For Article 8, see the comment by M Otto on Part 5, Chapter I. Article 15 CFREU …”

Ségolène Barbou des Places Regulation (EU) 492/2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union S. 785-800

„… a source of protection of the worker but as a source of protection of the persons having a link with …” „… “conditions of employment”. Logically it applies to working time, security and health protection. It also …” „… territorially responsible for the border regions of two or more Member States shall regularly exchange data …”

Alexandre Defossez Directive 2014/67/EU on the enforcement of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services S. 677-692

„… Rome Convention that are aimed at ensuring that employees should not be deprived of the protection …” „… , letterbox …) require huge amount of reliable data. Therefore it is no surprise the rest of the DEP is …” „… framework coupled with protection of economic rights’, (2014) 5 ELLJ 312. Dir. 2014/67 Part 3 Workers …”

Elias Felten Directive 2001/86/EC supplementing the Statute for a European company with regard to the involvement of employees S. 1535-1551

„… known to the public (e.g. data which is already published) may not be considered a betrayal. Even if the …” „… the SNB. However limitations may derive from national legislation. Article 10 Protection of …” „… of their functions, enjoy the same protection and guarantees provided for employees’ representatives …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266190

Shraddha Kulhari - Building-Blocks of a Data Protection Revolution

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Shraddha Kulhari

Building-Blocks of a Data Protection Revolution

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 35 2018

Results in this title

III. Data Protection, Privacy and Identity: A Complex Triad S. 23-37

„… Data Protection, Privacy and Identity: A Complex Triad The Contours of Right to Privacy and Right …” „… to Data Protection The concept of privacy is a multi-dimensional one, yet scholars across time and …” „… ‐ haviour; of data; and of communication. Therefore, instead of equating privacy with data protection …”

II. The Midas touch of Blockchain: Leveraging it for Data Protection S. 15-22

„… The Midas touch of Blockchain: Leveraging it for Data Protection Easing into the Blockchain enigma …” „… 30 August 2017. 21 ibid. II. The Midas touch of Blockchain: Leveraging it for Data Protection 16 …” „… . II. The Midas touch of Blockchain: Leveraging it for Data Protection 18 light when we view …”

IV. Fitting the Blockchain Solution into the GDPR Puzzle S. 38-52

„… leveraging blockchain technology for personal data protection by establishing a digital identity management …” „… proposal to the established principles of data protection as codified in the GDPR. However, this chapter …” „… social cost.105 Traditionally in the context of data protection, the externality appeared in form of …”

List of Works Cited S. 57-62

„… :2014:317. Maximillian Schrems v Data Protection Commissioner ECLI:EU:C:2015:650. Mikulic v Croatia [2002 …” „… Processing of Personal Data (1981). Data Protection Working Party (2014) ‘Opinion 8/2014 on the on Recent …” „… Bakhoum, M., et al (eds), Personal Data in Competition, Consumer Protection and IP Law –Towards a Holistic …”

I. Introduction S. 11-14

„… data protection and free movement of data were falling through the cracks in the erstwhile Da‐ ta …” „… .5 It is in this context that the data protection ecosystem in Europe went through long-drawn reform …” „… eventually leading to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).6 The GDPR has replaced the DPD as of 25 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… MIPLC Studies Building-Blocks of a Data Protection Revolution Shraddha Kulhari The Uneasy Case …” „… BUT_Kulhari_5222-5.indd 2 13.11.18 16:01 Shraddha Kulhari Building-Blocks of a Data Protection …” „… Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kulhari, Shraddha Building-Blocks of a Data Protection Revolution …”

V. Conclusion S. 53-56

„… discussion on privacy, iden‐ tity and data protection leads to a point of convergence where although right to …” „… data protection is distinct from right to privacy, yet it is understood as adding value to it. Right to …” „… data protection achieves this value-addition by promoting informational self-determination and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845294025

Mario Egbe Mpame - The General Data Protection Regulation and the effective protection of data subjects’ rights in the online environment

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Mario Egbe Mpame

The General Data Protection Regulation and the effective protection of data subjects’ rights in the online environment

Series: Schriften des Augsburg Center for Global Economic Law and Regulation - Arbeiten zum Internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht und zur Wirtschaftsregulierung

Volume 85 2021

Results in this title

Part I: GUARANTEES FOR THE EFFECTIVE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA UNDER THE GDPR S. 47-208

„… GUARANTEES FOR THE EFFECTIVE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA UNDER THE GDPR It is worth reiterating the …” „… , establishes other data protection principles applicable to all processing operations, and imposes additional …” „… , Opinion 1/2010, p.25. Part I: GUARANTEES FOR THE EFFECTIVE PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA 49 THE GDPR AND THE …”

Chapter 1- INTRODUCTION S. 19-46

„… , this work examines how collective redress for data protection mass harm is dealt with in the major …” „… . BACKGROUND The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)1 is one of the legal instruments of the European …” „… of the internal market,2 the protection of personal data is one of the Union’s major preoccupations …”

Bibliography S. 299-320

„… , J., “Transnational data flows and the Scandinavian data protection legislation”, Stockholm Inst. for …” „… ”, European Data Protection Law Review, Volume 5 (2019), Issue 1, pages 43 – 53 Bietti, E., “Consent as a Free …” „… Data Protection Law Review, Volume 3(2017), Issue 3, pages 353-368, electronic copy available at …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… ECONOMIES AND THEIR POSITIONS ON DATA PROTECTION-RELATED MASS HARM SITUATIONS Chapter 5- 229 COMPENSATORY …” „… The General Data Protection Regulation and the effective protection of data subjects’ rights in …” „… Augsburg Band 85 BUT_Mpame_8201-7.indd 2 07.06.21 07:56 Mario Egbe Mpame The General Data Protection …”

Part II: THE ENFORCEMENT OF DATA SUBJECTS’ RIGHTS IN MASS HARM SITUATIONS S. 209-298

„… Privacy Protection: A Comparative Transatlantic Analysis”, Data Protection 2014: How to Restore Trust …” „… protection of data subjects' rights to, on the data subject’s behalf,: • lodge the complaint with the DPA …” „… representative bodies in the field of data protection, and the GDPR does not oblige Member States to amend their …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748926078

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