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Thomas Christin

Reasonable Europeans

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Volume 153 2008

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Effects of independent variables for EU-15, new-10 and candidate countries S. 95-97

„… nation. 5.4.4. Effects of independent variables for EU-15, new-10 and candidate countriesIn order “to …” „… subgroups, such as Western, post-communist or candidate countries. There-96fore, I distinguish the effects …” „… for the EU-29, the old EU-15, the 10 new EU-members and the candidate countries in order to clearly …”

Political explanations S. 61-63

„… for EU-level decision-making is generally strong among candidate countries, in most new EU members, in …” „… compared to other candidate countries. As mentioned above, the principal question that guides this chapter …” „… index ranges from -0.63 (Romania) to 8.35 (Finland). Between these two extremes, candidate countries …”

Cross-policy variations S. 49-54

„… member states or candidate countries than the old EU-15, a result which supports the often heard argument …” „… decreasing level of overall support for EU decisionmaking in all 29 countries.Before commenting on the …” „… present the results of the F-tests which indicate signi? cant differences between countries (F-Test for 28 …”

Attitudes towards the scope of EU-level decision-making for specific policy domains S. 47-49

„… results (Christin, 2006) for the new EU members and candidate countries.64 While it is tempting to …” „… question for the candidate countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Turkey) is “For each of the following …” „… groups, namely the 15 Western (old) EU members, the 10 new EU members and the four candidate countries …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… members or candidate countries from Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, the Balkans and Turkey. As …” „… 945.4.4. Effects of independent variables for EU-15, new-10 and candidate countries 955.5. Summary 976 …” „… abbreviationsAT AustriaBE BelgiumBG BulgariaCEECs Central and East European CountriesCFSP Common Foreign and …”

Control variables S. 94-95

„… of the nation. 5.4.4. Effects of independent variables for EU-15, new-10 and candidate countriesIn …” „… subgroups, such as Western, post-communist or candidate countries. There- …” „… European Regime institutions.137 Overall, the results for the 29 European countries correspond to the …”

Cross-national variations S. 54-56

„… that includes the four candidate countries (2004) in order to point out for which policies countries …” „… decided at the EU-level from the citizens of new EU member states or candidate countries than the old EU …” „… controlled at EU-level and much less support in the old EU-15 and the candidate countries. Interestingly …”

Alternative explanations S. 64-68

„… higher in new EU members or candidate countries than in the EU-15 countries. More precisely, in most new …” „… EU members and candidate countries, the GDP growth rate is above 5 points, which indicates a dynamic …” „… . For candidate countries I computed a negative value; -3 (2007-2004) for Bulgaria and Romania, -8 for …”

From the European idea to the European Union S. 13-21

„… integration. It looks at attitudes towards European integration in EU member states and candidate countries …” „… Slovenia. Two remaining candidate countries, Bulgaria and Romania, became members in January 2007.16 Turkey …” „… and Marks, 2001). Secondly, the EU has gradually incorporated a greater number of countries and …”

Governance quality S. 68-71

„… my data, rather strongly in favour of EU-level decisionmaking. The question of candidate countries is …” „… control for length of membership, one could argue that candidate countries, because of their particular …” „… candidate countries and their citizens. These models are designed to address the potential bias caused by …”

Nationalism S. 71-72

„… well as candidate countries can be included in the same model. In order to test the stability of the …” „… because of the particular status of candidate countries: one could simply argue that questions of the …” „… allocation of policies are probably more dif? cult to evaluate in candidate countries, particularly in …”

Methodology S. 100

„… May 2004 – and the four candidate countries (as of 2004), namely Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Croatia …” „… inclusion of new EU-members and candidate countries, allows the application of hierarchical analyses. …” „… on the level of their country’s governance performance and level of nationalism. In countries with a …”

Multivariate analysis S. 72-76

„… particular status of candidate countries: one could simply argue that questions of the allocation of policies …” „… are probably more dif? cult to evaluate in candidate countries, particularly in countries that are at …” „… to the candidate countries). The measures of the quality of the model between models 1 and 5 are …”

Cross-level interaction effects S. 99-100

„… and the 10 countries that joined the EU in May 2004 – and the four candidate countries (as of 2004 …” „… datasets are at the lower limit, the inclusion of new EU-members and candidate countries, allows the …” „… countries’ nationalism indicated a rather strong but not statistically signi? cant relationship. In Chapter …”

Cases and datasets S. 44-45

„… candidate countries, I focus on at least one diffuse (political community) and one speci? c (Regime …” „… new EU members that joined the EU in May 2004 – and four candidate countries (as of 2004) – Bulgaria …” „… Chapters 4 and 5. 2.4. Cases and datasetsThe countries that will be included in the analysis are the EU …”

Importance of public opinion S. 24-29

„… accepted in these candidate countries, but the relatively low turnout in most countries raises questions …” „… . Christin, 2006, for more information on measurements of public opinion in Candidate countries or new EU …” „… member States.) The timing of referendums in these candidate countries created a form of virtuous circle …”

Intercepts- and slopes-as-outcomes model S. 100-102

„… May 2004 – and the four candidate countries (as of 2004), namely Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Croatia …” „… inclusion of new EU-members and candidate countries, allows the application of hierarchical analyses.101 …” „… on the level of their country’s governance performance and level of nationalism. In countries with a …”

Political explanations S. 34-36

„… candidate countries but also put great pressure on candidates to reform their institutions, norms and …” „… 34tematically, at least not for Western, Central and Eastern European countries together. I will …” „… , citizens in Western or Southern European countries use domestic national politics (political institutions …”

Summary S. 97-98

„… graphics: ? rst of all, the very similar pattern of the effect in the EU-15 and the candidate countries. In …” „… and 0.87 for candidates when citizens do not claim to have an exclusive national identity. The score …” „… drops to 0.46 (EU-15) and 0.77 (Candidates) when the citizens of these groups do have an exclusive …”

Orientation towards political systems: conceptualisation S. 42-44

„… candidate countries, I focus on at least one diffuse (political community) and one speci? c (Regime …” „… new EU members that joined the EU in May 2004 – and four candidate countries (as of 2004) – Bulgaria …” „… Chapters 4 and 5. 2.4. Cases and datasetsThe countries that will be included in the analysis are the EU …”

Summary S. 59-60

„… decisionmaking in the 29 EU member states and candidate countries that are included in the Eurobarometer 62.0 …” „… items or groups of items indicates rather strong variations between countries and between policies. The …”

Identity explanations S. 63-64

„… ). Between these two extremes, candidate countries such as Turkey, Bulgaria and Croatia have low scores of …” „… countries’ governance quality, it is expected that citizens in countries with low governance performance …” „… should be, on average, more supportive of EU-level decision-making than citizens living in countries …”

Appendix: Chapter 6 S. 125-128

„… decision-making -0.8-0.6-0.4-0.200.20.40.60.811.21.41.6EU 29 EU-15 New 10 CandidatesPredicted score of EU-level …” „… decision-making is 0.191. The magnitude of the variation between countries in their score of support for EU-level …” „… countries’ scores of EU-level decision-making. Put differently, there exists a signi? cant variation between …”

Appendix: Chapter 4 S. 117-119

„… negative values for candidate countries: -3 (2007-2004) for Bulgaria and Romania, -8 for Croatia and -10 …” „… countries’ aggregated mean of support for EU-level decisionmaking. Source: EB62.0, calculated at the …” „… for Turkey. Source: own calculation.Federalism This is a dummy variable for federal countries. Four …”

Results of the 2-PLM and association between measures of support for European integration and EU-level decision-making S. 116-117

„… negative values for candidate countries: -3 (2007-2004) for Bulgaria and Romania, -8 for Croatia and -10 …” „… Variable, Question and SourceAggregated support for EU-level decision-makingThis is the countries …” „… for Turkey. Source: own calculation.Federalism This is a dummy variable for federal countries. Four …”

Economic explanations S. 31-34

„… well as candidate countries for both individual and national levels. In the next section I present the …” „… European countries (CEECs) and the importance of public opinion on the integration process (as well as the …” „… members, the new EU members from Central and Eastern Europe and also the applicant countries. While most …”

Support for the European Union S. 107-109

„… EU-members and candidate countries). Contrary to most past and current work in this ? eld, my dependent …” „… European Union brings together a wide range of countries with great variations in their economic …” „… EU-level decision-making in several policy domains is explained with the help of countries’ and individuals …”

Building a scale of support for EU-level decision-making: a generalised latent variable model S. 56-59

„… distribution of support for EU-level decisionmaking in the 29 EU member states and candidate countries that are …” „… decision-making. The distribution of items or groups of items indicates rather strong variations between countries …”

Bibliography S. 129-138

„… Countries.” Comparative European Politics 2(1-2):29-50. Bergman, Torbjörn. 2000. “The European Union as the …” „… in Central and Eastern European Countries in the 1990s.” European Union Politics 6(1):29-57. Christin …” „… , Thomas. 2006. Nouveaux États membres et pays candidats: les attitudes envers l’intégration européenne. In …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210919

Thorsten Faas, Sascha Huber, Mona Krewel, Sigrid Roßteutscher - Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie

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Thorsten Faas (ed.), Sascha Huber (ed.), Mona Krewel (ed.), Sigrid Roßteutscher (ed.)

Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie

Series: Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung

Volume 35 2023

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Paul A. Beck Party Contacts in Comparative Perspective S. 289-316

„… Party Contacts in Comparative PerspectivePaul A. Beck*1. IntroductionDirect party and candidate …” „… the party faithful, to make sure thatthey turned out at the polls. In some countries, partisan …” „… newspapers propa‐gandized their readers with candidate-supportive stories. As newspapersturned to mass market …”

Richard Johnston Partisan Intensification in Campaigns: Proof of Concept? S. 247-268

„… andother psychological indicators from thirteen elections in three countries.Its starting point is a simple …” „… electoral campaigns, the lead for the frontrunning party or can‐didate shrinks (Johnston/Lachance 2022; Le …” „… increasing variance in feelingsabout the major-party candidates (Erikson/Wlezien 2012: 53-55). Densityin the …”

Laura Morales, Luis Ramiro, María Jiménez-Buedo Assessing the Electoral Payoffs of Partisan Mobilization in Adverse Contexts: A Field Experimental Study of the 2011 Spanish Local Elections S. 213-246

„… countries hasgradually developed to assess its impact in a larger range of countries,including France (Pons …” „… to the local party organization of the PSRM in thecity of Murcia, particularly the mayoral candidate …” „… political parties – rather than individual candidates – and are morecentralized in terms of how they are …”

Christian Schnaudt, Christof Wolf Electoral integrity and voting: The interplay of individual perceptions and contextual conditions S. 485-512

„… between electoral integrity and voting by simultaneously con‐sidering the influence of both countries …” „… approximately 130,000 individualrespondents from a total of 75 countries, covering 94 country-years in theperiod …” „… , district boundaries, voter and candidate registration, campaignmedia and finance, the voting process and …”

Marc Debus Education, political sophistication, cohesive policy signals and proximity voting: Do voters choose the party that reflects their interests? S. 269-288

„… to vote for a partythe smaller the distance to a party and its candidate is (e.g., Adams et al.2005 …” „… ofeconomic judgments which should then impact on voters’ preferences forpresidential candidates. The authors …” „… countries, voters generally follow thedirectional model of voting. However, the degree of sophistication …”

Sascha Huber, Anne Schäfer Political knowledge, media use and right-wing populist preferences S. 25-52

„… , candidates andtheir issue positions without too many costs. Even though it may not betoo hard to learn about …” „… candidates (cf. Eveland et al. 2005).In addition to these factors, political orientations of voters may …” „… right-wing populist parties and candid‐ates are often particularly less knowledgeable about politics and …”

Philipp Darius, Andrea Römmele KI und datengesteuerte Kampagnen: Eine Diskussion der Rolle generativer KI im politischen Wahlkampf S. 199-212

„… Parties’Facebook Posts and Users’ Sharing Behaviour across Twelve Countries. Journal ofInformation Technology …” „… , Hanna, Alexander, Yang, Junghwan, Shah, Dhavan V. (2015): CandidateNetworks, Citizen Clusters, and …” „… Negative Campaign‐ing: Insights from a Candidate Survey. International Political Science Review …”

Jr., William P. Eveland, Osei Appiah, Jacob A. Long, Steven B. Kleinman How Race Affects Simply Having versus Actually Choosing: Cross-Race Political Discussion Partners S. 137-168

„… , politicians and candidates, and the performance of local, state,and national government. To begin, how many …” „… explicitly on their sleeves, and real-world per‐ceptions of partisanship or candidate preference are not …” „… the implications of these findings forother countries that do not have the historical and modern …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553

Ludger Kühnhardt - Im Gespräch bleiben: Politische Wissenschaft und berufliche Praxis

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Ludger Kühnhardt (ed.)

Im Gespräch bleiben: Politische Wissenschaft und berufliche Praxis

Series: Schriften des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung (ZEI)

Volume 85 2023

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Boris Hajoš The Case of Croatia S. 299-308

„… Candidate CountriesThe Case of CroatiaBoris Hajoš*I want to enrich the debate on the future of European …” „… Republik Kroatien.299most candidate countries at the same time, and the other that support s gradual …” „… with its enlarged membership. The candidate countries were given a road map and a distribution of votes …”

Iveta Sulca The Case of Latvia S. 331-340

„… for Europeans – both candidate and member countries – to use the advantages and minimize the negative …” „… public opinion in the member countries and the candidate countries. If we want to succeed we should send …” „… involve candidate member states into the Lisbon process serves this purpose.In March 2001, the Swedish EU …”

Vladimir Kissiov The Case of Bulgaria S. 309-314

„… the representation of the candidate countries in the institutional model of the European Union stay …” „… dimension if the politicians from member states and candidate countries want to contribute to the future …” „… benefits of peace, stability and prosperity across Europe. Bulgaria in its position of a candidate country …”

Imrich Marton The Case of Slovakia S. 323-330

„… adopted in Nice which asked member states as well as candidate countries to open a wide debate on the …” „… candidate countries in favor of the full participation of candidate countries in the discussion on the …” „… should start working by the beginning of 2002. Candidate countries expressed their will to take part …”

Rytis Martikonis The Case of Lithuania S. 315-322

„… the main part of the EU’s budget.Clearly, the „homework” of the candidate countries is a conditio sine …” „… candidate countries participation in this debate is an important learning process. We have to recapitulate …” „… evolve into a community policy. In the candidate countries - I suppose - we are somewhat more at ease …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… Process:Ideas and Interests of Candidate Countries8.297The Case of Croatia 299Boris HajošThe Case of Bulgaria …”

Malte Zabel Euroskeptizismus – und was dahinter steckt S. 589-596

„… Politics of Euroscepticism in EU Member and Candidate States, SEI Working Paper 51, Sussex, 2002: S. 7.Die …” „… European Integration and therefore can be seen in parties who think that their countries should withdraw …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748926771

Meinrad Handstanger, Benedikt Harzl, Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay, Emma Lantschner, Elmar Pichl, Jürgen Pirker, Klaus Poier, Günther Rautz, Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Hedwig Unger - Law and Politics

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Meinrad Handstanger (ed.), Benedikt Harzl (ed.), Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay (ed.), Emma Lantschner (ed.), Elmar Pichl (ed.), Jürgen Pirker (ed.), Klaus Poier (ed.), Günther Rautz (ed.), Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Hedwig Unger (ed.)

Law and Politics

2022

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Marko Kmezić How can EU influence Democratization in the Western Balkans: Civil Society and Europeanization S. 993-1010

„… public policy making in the candidate countries.Informed literature (March and Olsen 2004) can be seen as …” „… outcomes, rather than sustainable and transformative changes in candidate countries (Kmezić 2020). At the …” „… candidate countries, scholars of Europeanization have already created a framework with two analytically …”

Andrea Carlà The Politics of Events: Twenty Years of 9/11 S. 681-708

„… countries.It is necessary to point out that there were objective differences in the dynamics of 9/11 and 11-M …” „… in Western countries since the end of the Cold War.5 A few scholars have instead unpacked the impact …” „… of Al-Qaeda’s threat on politics by measuring its effect in different countries through comparative …”

Josip Kregar Rule of Law and Democratic Politics: The Challenge of Populism S. 131-144

„… oratory, even to a tremendous extent, if one considers the election speeches a modern candidate has to …” „… contested by populist movements. In the countries which suffered from the crisis of democracy, there was a …” „… /10.1002/9781405165518.wbeoss173.8 Abramowitz: “Seventy-one countries suffered net declines in political rights and civil …”

Drino Galicic Legalisation of politics or politicization of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina: the authority of courts as collateral damage S. 1031-1046

„… , amongst other, the need to implement the above jurisprudence in order to obtain candidate status (European …” „… , non-political efforts on fostering tolerance in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in other countries of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748933113

Hilke Thiedemann - Judicial Independence

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Hilke Thiedemann

Judicial Independence

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 22 2007

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Summary S. 435-442

„… practical examples and a comprehensive analysis of recent court decisions from both countries.The …” „… the requirements of the rule of law. By borrowing constitutional ideas from other countries South …” „… systems. Furthermore, differentroles of the judge in the proceedings in both countries require different …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Exekutive S. 134-238

„… , common-law judges fall somewhere on a spectrum between the ‚ordinary’ judgesin civil-law countries and their …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204048

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