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Ulrich Helth - Der Schutz der kommerziellen Aspekte der Persönlichkeit im australischen Recht

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Ulrich Helth

Der Schutz der kommerziellen Aspekte der Persönlichkeit im australischen Recht

Series: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Volume 10 2008

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Trade Mark Law S. 120-135

„… unautorisierten Personen Merchandisings ablösen können. II. Trade Mark Law Eine weitere potentielle Möglichkeit …” „… Jahr 1995 geänderte Rechtslage im australischen Trade Mark Law ist ein derartiges Vorgehen u.U …” „… und die Verwertung der kommerziellen Aspekte der Persönlichkeit unter dem Trade Mark Law begründete …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 151-155

„… role of trade mark law in the protection of celebrity personality, (2002) 7 Media & Arts Law Review 101 …” „… between the Trade Practices Act 1974 and the law of intellectual property, (1992) 8 Australian and New …” „… Zealand Trade Practices Law Bulletin 1 –, Trade practices overview. Part II, (1993) 6 Australian …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… . Trade Mark Law 120 1. „sign“ 122 2. Eintragung 123 3. Effekt 124 4. Verletzung 125 a) „uses as a trade …” „… . Account of Profits 77 VII. Zusammenfassung 77 4. Kapitel: Section 52 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) 81 I …” „… . Allgemeines 81 II. „corporation“ 82 III. „in trade or commerce“ 83 IV. Misleading or deceptive conduct 84 1 …”

Zusammenfassung S. 77-81

„… solches sei dem Common Law fremd. Es sei Aufgabe des Parlamentes und nicht der Gerichte, ein solches Recht …” „… eines Tort of Appropriation of Personality oder eines Right of Publicity aus dem Common Law wie in …” „… Off äußerst ungewiss, da im Common Law der Grundsatz actio personalis moritur cum persona gilt320 …”

Section 53 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) S. 117-120

„… ablösen können. II. Trade Mark Law Eine weitere potentielle Möglichkeit zum Schutz der kommerziellen …” „… Rechtslage im australischen Trade Mark Law ist ein derartiges Vorgehen u.U. erfolgversprechend. Ursprünglich …” „… Section 52 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cht) 117dem öffentlichen Interesse dient514. Vor diesem …”

Rechtsfolgen S. 105-112

„… im Fall des Trade Practices Act der Vorschrift die Intention zugrunde liegt, das Common Law zu …” „… Section 52 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cht) 105V. Rechtsfolgen Obwohl s 52 TPA nicht dem Schutz des …” „… Wettbewerbers dient, sondern vielmehr dem der Öffentlichkeit vor Irreführung und Täuschung, gewährt der Trade …”

Misleading or deceptive conduct S. 84-105

„… gegenüber einem Kollegen keine Darstellung „‘in’ trade or commerce“ ist. IV. Misleading or deceptive …” „… notwendigerweise auf den TPA zu übertragen. Im Common Law stellt bloßes 339 (1990) 169 CLR 594 (HC) 340 French …” „… , S. 254 341 A.a.O., S. 259 Section 52 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cht) 85 Schweigen, wie täuschend es …”

Defamation S. 135-139

„… Weitere Rechtsgrundlagen 135Merchandisings im Rahmen des Trade Mark Law wird jedoch insbesondere …” „… vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Internationalisierung befürwortet, da das Trade Mark Law als das …” „… international derzeit am weitesten harmonisierte Gebiet im Intellectual Property Law gilt589. So gab es denn …”

„in trade or commerce“ S. 83-84

„… Section 52 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cht) 83 erfolgte334. Hier kann die Gesetzgebungskompetenz des …” „… Telegrafie) begründet werden. S 6 TPA eröffnet die Anwendbarkeit des Trade Practices Act noch für weitere …” „… ) (Tas). Diese flankieren den Trade Practices Act und gewähren vergleichbaren Schutz. Im Fair Trading Act …”

Zusammenfassende Darstellung der rechtlichen Möglichkeiten des Schutzes der kommerziellen Aspekte der Persönlichkeit S. 148-150

„… of Passing Off. Im Jahr 1974 kam noch der Trade Practices Act hinzu. Die Anwendungsbereiche beider …” „… . Andererseits ist jedoch festzustellen, dass genau diese Elastizität des Common Law es war, welche die …” „… gewährten Schutzes könnte in Zukunft der Trade Marks Act werden. Insbesondere wären hier die Fragen der …”

Zusammenfassung S. 112-117

„… Sydney Building Information Centre Ltd (1978) 140 CLR 216, 226 Section 52 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cht …” „… werden Prinzipien des Common Law bei einer Vielzahl von Fragen im Rahmen der s 52 TPA herangezogen. Dies …” „… wurde499. Eine derartige Tendenz ist insofern bedenklich, als der Trade Practices Act dem …”

Ausgangssituation im australischen Recht S. 24-29

„… Common Law46. Dem liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, dass Wettbewerb im besten Interesse der Gesellschaft ist47 …” „… ) 60 (1937) 1A IPR 308 (HC) Problemstellung und vorhandenes rechtliches Instrumentarium 28 Trade …” „… established limits of the traditional and statutory causes of action which are available to a trader in …”

Vom classic Passing Off zum extended Passing Off S. 30-35

„… extended Passing Off Passing Off ist ein Rechtsinstitut des Common Law, das seit dem 19. Jahrhundert …” „… misrepresentation (2) made by a trader in the course of trade, (3) to prospective customers of his or ultimate …” „… actual damage to the business or goodwill of the trader by whom the action is brought or (in a quia timet …”

Misrepresentation S. 39-69

„… incompatible with great effectiveness. It would be unfortunate if the law merely prevented a trader using the …” „… a trader or his products upon the basis of some underlying assumption which is false, may be held …” „… für die Zwecke des Passing Off noch für die des Trade Practices Act, dass die Öffentlichkeit dazu …”

Goodwill S. 35-39

„… trade name to which the goodwill is attached” 96 vgl. Anheuser-Busch, Inc v Budejovicky Budvar NP [1984 …” „… law now is, at least in Australia, that the inventor of a sufficiently famous character having certain …” „… , New South Wales Parliament, Report on the Law Of Privacy (W. L. Morison), (Parl. Paper No 170, 1973 …”

Schaden S. 69-74

„… Common Law unsicher. Auch wenn Verwässerung vielfach als Schaden anerkannt worden ist275, werden doch …” „… Fragen auf. Insbesondere wenn man mit Pincus J284 davon ausgeht, dass der Kläger nie ein „Trader“ gewesen …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205748

Michael Lysander Fremuth, Jörn Griebel, Robert Heinsch - Natural Resources and International Law – Developments and Challenges

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Michael Lysander Fremuth (ed.), Jörn Griebel (ed.), Robert Heinsch (ed.)

Natural Resources and International Law – Developments and Challenges

2021

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Hans-Georg Dederer Resources and Trade Law S. 125-144

„… Resources and Trade Law Hans-Georg Dederer* Abstract The overall thesis of this contribution is …” „… that world trade law, when applied in harmony with environmental, human rights and developmental …” „… Resource-related measures affecting tradeIV. 129 * Prof. Dr., Chair of Constitutional and Administrative Law …”

Michael Lysander Fremuth Resource Mining and Human Rights S. 145-196

„… , a state is not allowed to impose its law on other sovereign states, but to enact laws addressing …” „… cross-sectional topic in international, supranational and domestic law, affecting all branches of societal life …” „… . Accordingly, resource mining is not beyond the ambit of human rights law which can entail different related …”

Nico Schrijver Integrating Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources into International Mining Law S. 75-92

„… mining and several different branches such as international trade law, law of the sea, human rights law …” „… , Integrating Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources 79 Trade (GATT),16 now part of WTO law, addresses the …” „… As noted above, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), now part of WTO law, addresses the …”

Christian J. Tams Authority over Natural Resources: No End of Geography S. 307-320

„… and Trade, in: Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, available under: www.mpepil.com …” „… localisation, as part of international law’s fundamental attempt to allocate authority over geographical spaces …” „… ’, regimes governing particular resources are governed by international law’s general rules of allocating …”

Leopold von Carlowitz Extractives for Development: Orientation and Activities of German Development Cooperation in the Mining Sector S. 93-124

„… to stop the trade and import of conflict minerals. Insufficient resource governance is not just …” „… and related death rates everywhere (target 16.1) and to promote the rule of law at the national and …” „… German industry. Within EU trade policy, the Federal Government intends to push for a reduction of …”

August Reinisch Resources and Investment – Understanding and Misunderstanding the Friction between the Right to Regulate and Investor Protection S. 273-290

„… state law clauses Admission “in accordance with host state law”-clauses equally ensure the right of host …” „… state’s duty to cooperate and to admit foreign investments. “In accordance with host state law”-clauses in …” „… Alternatively, “in accordance with host state law”-clauses may be contained in other BIT articles, such as those …”

Heike Krieger, Jonas Püschmann Securing of Resources as a Valid Reason for Using Force? A Pre-Emptive Defence of the Prohibition on the Use of Force S. 27-56

„… , development, and energy law. Ensuring equal access to resources through free trade and resulting disputes …” „… challenging the foundations of international law. Whereas the UN Charter was inter alia aimed at eliminating …” „… . Instead, international law has sufficient instruments to cope with disputes over access to resources by …”

Bimal N. Patel Resource Mining and Law of the Sea: Evolving Issues and Challenges for the Indian State Practice S. 221-230

„… Resource Mining and Law of the Sea: Evolving Issues and Challenges for the Indian State Practice …” „… International Law and Vice Chancellor of the Rashtriga Raksha University in Gandhinagar. He is a member of the …” „… National Security Advisory Board and a former Vice Chancellor of Gujarat National Law University in …”

Marc Bungenberg Natural Resources and Investment Law, in particular Investor-State Contracts S. 257-272

„… Natural Resources and Investment Law, in particular Investor- State Contracts Marc Bungenberg …” „… * Abstract Parallel to the development of PSNR as a principle of customary international law, investment …” „… International Investment Law II. 258 PSNR Elements and Types of Investor-State ContractsIII. 263 PSNR Specific …”

Manjiao Chi Reforming International Investment Treaties for an Equitable Natural Resource-Related Investment Governance Regime S. 291-306

„… international investment law, but they are designed primarily for protecting foreign investments. The strong …” „… international law & Founding Director, Center for International Economic Law and Policy (CIELP), Law School …” „… global level in the field of international economic law, but no one would deny the importance of natural …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Trade Law 125 Hans-Georg Dederer Resource Mining and Human Rights 145 Michael Lysander Fremuth Crimes …” „… Stephan Hobe Nomos Natural Resources and International Law – Developments and Challenges Michael …” „… Lysander Fremuth | Jörn Griebel Robert Heinsch (eds.) Natural Resources and International Law …”

Steven Freeland Crimes against the Environment? The Deliberate Destruction of the Natural Environment and Natural Resources during War S. 197-220

„… the Global Illegal Timber Trade, in: Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 16 (2003), p …” „… rules giving rise to international criminal responsibility. * Emeritus Professor of International Law …” „… , Centre for Research in Air and Space Law, McGill University; Senior Fellow, London Institute of Space …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929765

Sinthiou Buszewski, Stefan Martini, Hannes Rathke - Freihandel vs. Demokratie

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Sinthiou Buszewski (ed.), Stefan Martini (ed.), Hannes Rathke (ed.)

Freihandel vs. Demokratie

Series: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Volume 90 2016

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Michael Ioannidis Can international trade law promote legitimacy? The participatory dimension of WTO law S. 183-200

„… demokratischer Teilhabe? 183 Can international trade law promote legitimacy? The participatory …” „… dimension of WTO law Michael Ioannidis I. Introduction 183 II. International trade and democracy 186 …” „… in the title Freihandel versus Demokratie. My thesis is that international trade law, and WTO law …”

Andrej Lang Der Europäische Gerichtshof und die Investor-Staat-Streitbeilegung in TTIP und CETA: Zwischen Konfrontation, Konstitutionalisierung und Zurückhaltung S. 83-110

„… geplante Transatlantische Freihandelsabkommen zwischen der EU und den USA (Transatlantic Trade and …” „… Free Trade Agreement – DCFTA) vereinbart, nämlich in den Freihandelsabkommen der EU mit Kanada (CETA …” „… ; siehe auch Joint Letter to EU Trade Commissioner Cecilia Malmström on Transatlantic Trade and Investment …”

Thomas Trentinaglia Fair and equitable treatment und Eigentumsschutz nach CETA – Ein Balanceakt zwischen Investorenschutz und demokratischer Gestaltungsmacht S. 157-180

„… neuer Tatbestände durch das Trade Committee 169 a) Übertragung von Hoheitsrechten an das Trade …” „… Committee? 170 b) Der rechtliche Charakter der Kompetenz des Trade Committees 172 c) Überschreiten die …” „… Kompetenzen des Trade Committees verfassungsimmanente Schranken? 173 III. Indirekte Enteignungen 175 1 …”

Andreas Kerkemeyer Auswirkungen des »Fair and Equitable Treatment«-Standards auf das Demokratieprinzip S. 135-158

„… . Miles (Hg.), Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration, 2011, 606-627. 2 So G. van Harten …” „… , Investment Treaty Arbitration and Public Law, 2007, 3 ff. 3 United Nations Treaty Series No. 6575 1963, 23 …” „… of International Investment Law, 2. Aufl., 2012, 98 ff. 7 T. M. Dralle, Der Fair and Equitable …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… (»Participation in international trade law. How WTO law can promote democratic legitimacy«). Anschließend fragt …” „… demokratischer Teilhabe? Michael Ioannidis Can international trade law promote legitimacy? The …” „… eine Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) in historischem Maße Fragen an das …”

Henner Gött »Legitimation durch den, den es angeht?« – Die Einbindung der Zivilgesellschaft in die transatlantische Regulierungszusammenarbeit aus demokratischer Perspektive S. 199-218

„… . September 2014, abrufbar unter: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2014/september/tradoc_152806.pdf …” „… veröffentlicht worden, abrufbar unter: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1230 (4.7.2015 …” „… Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement der EU und Kanada, 2014, 35 f.; BUND, Das Gemeinwohl ist nicht …”

Sebastian Wuschka Investitionsschiedsverfahren: Individualrechtsschutz oder »anti-demokratische Herrschaft der Konzerne«? S. 15-38

„… , Denial of Justice in International Law, 2005, 15-17. 6 Hierzu und zu weiteren Beispielen W. G. Grewe …” „… , Epochen der Völkerrechtsgeschichte, 1984, 616 f.; S. C. Neff, A Short History of International Law, in: M …” „… . D. Evans (Hg.), International Law, 3. Aufl., 2010, 3 (19). 7 A. Newcombe/L. Paradell, Law and …”

Corinna Dornacher Die »Regulatory Cooperation« in TTIP – Demokratie einmal anders herum? S. 219-240

„… Zeitung, 13.8.2014; S. Erlanger, Conflicting goals complicate an effort to forge a trans-atlantic trade …” „… Atlantic, The Guardian, 8.12.2014; B. Stadtler, Von TTIP profitieren nur die Großkonzerne, Foreign Trade …” „… , Ausgabe 2/2015, 22 ff. 2 http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2015/april/tradoc_153403.pdf …”

Roland Hoffmann Die Grenzen der Zulässigkeit von Investor-Staat-Schiedsvereinbarungen nach dem Recht der Europäischen Union S. 61-84

„… Direktinvestitionen vgl. M. Krajewski, External Trade Law and the Constitution Treaty: Towards a federal and more …” „… Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership – TTIP. Roland Hoffmann 62 Schiedsvereinbarungen (ISDS)2 wird …” „… Konsultationsverfahrens zu ISDS im TTIP-Abkommen, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2015/january/tra doc_153044.pdf …”

Michael Riegner Die Blogosphäre als digitale Öffentlichkeit: #trademocracy jenseits des Staates? S. 243-254

„… - und Investitionsabkommen zwischen den USA und der EU (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership …” „… Kommunikationsformen zu beobachten, wie z.B. jüngst im Leiden Journal of International Law in einer eigenen Serie.6 In …” „… Scholarship: Some Thoughts on ›Practice‹, ›Growth‹, and ›Dissemination‹, Leiden Journal of International Law …”

Tobias Heinze Transnationales Recht und Radikale Demokratie. Claude Leforts Theorie des Politischen als Rahmen einer Kritik des transnationalen Investitionsschutzrechts S. 37-58

„… Menschenrechte 53 III. Fazit 57 Freihandelsabkommen wie das Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership …” „… Place for Human Rights?, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 3 (2011), 573 (576). 67 M. Gauchet …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266046

Niteleka Jacob Nichaenzi Jaconiah - The Effects of Trademark Rights on the East African Common Market

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Niteleka Jacob Nichaenzi Jaconiah

The Effects of Trademark Rights on the East African Common Market

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 16 2012

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Principles of trade mark law S. 51-67

„… property issues feature.126 C. Possible solution to the mischief I. Principles of trade mark law The …” „… Branding: Does Trade Mark Law Provide for Sufficient Self Help and Self Healing Forces?” in: GOVAERE, I …” „… at 52 mark law is whether the reliance on the national trade mark rights to impede free flow …”

Modifications to the principle of co-existence S. 249-256

„… co-existence as an interim solution; and (c) employing the trade mark model under the German Extension Law …” „… Trade Mark Law”, 8(1) IIC 1, 16 (1977). 251 systems in the EU still attract interests of trade mark …” „… marks would hold water. The Uniform Benelux Law on Marks (henceforth, the Benelux law) employs a trade …”

Grounds for trade mark refusal S. 27-35

„… .). Prior to the enactment of the above Tanzanian law, the Trade Marks Ordnance (Cap. 394 of the laws of …” „… 1986 trade mark law has abolished this division (cf. S. 62, T.). 30 and Ugandan laws. As to what …” „… discussion on these grounds is offered below in the context of Tanzanian, Kenyan and Ugandan trade mark law …”

Bibliography S. 265-276

„… 131 (1990). BEIER, F.-K., “Objectives and Guiding Principles of Future Trade Mark Law”, 8(1) IIC 1 …” „… ) TMR 1122 (2006). BOSSCHE, P. van den, “The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization: Text …” „… . (eds.), “Intellectual Property and International Trade: The TRIPS Agreement” (Kluwer Law International …”

Relevant principles of international law S. 67-77

„… Tanzanian trade mark law does not support the regime of the free movement of branded goods in the EAC …” „… the chapeau by the national legislature which enacts a law empowering trade mark proprietors to …” „… , “The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization: Text, Cases and Materials” (2nd ed.) 324 …”

Modifications to the principle of unitary character S. 243-249

„… Benelux Law on Marks provides for a possibility of securing trade mark registration and protection …” „… The grounds for nullity of a Benelux trade mark are outlined in Article 14 of the Benelux law. 245 …” „… . National trade mark law would strictly enforce the principle of territoriality pursuant to which a trade …”

Table of contents S. 7-14

„… C. Substantive Provisions 24 I. Subject matter of trade-mark protection 24 1. Tanzanian law …” „… 27 a) Distinctiveness 27 aa) Under the Tanzania Trade Mark Law 27 bb) Under the Kenyan and …” „… . Principles of trade mark law 51 1. Trade mark functions 52 a) Trade mark as a badge of origin 52 b …”

Principles developed by the ECJ S. 209-217

„… summary of the judgment. 212 rights under national trade-mark law in order to frustrate the …” „… Community’s law on cartels”. 788 With this conclusion, the ECJ intimated that the trade mark registration …” „… of the GINT mark made under the French law could not justify restriction on trade between Member …”

Acquisition of trade mark rights and the extent of validity S. 256-261

„… Law) applies: Trade-marked goods of different origins will be marketed with the same or confusingly …” „… the coattails of another’s trade mark. While the trade mark model under the Extension Law may serve …” „… Law, particularly with respect to the danger of trade mark confusion, should be adjusted to suit the …”

Subject matter of trade-mark protection S. 24-27

„… law is similar to the one enshrined in the relevant laws governing trade mark matters in the European …” „… respective trade mark legislation. 17 1. Tanzanian law The Tanzanian trade mark legislation qualifies a …” „… trademark refusal is covered in chapter 4 infra, in the context of the EU Community Trade mark law. The aim …”

Scope of protection S. 36-39

„… mark law that as long as the proprietor prohibits third parties from using his registered trade mark …” „… Tanzanian law should be interpreted to mean that the use of a trade or a company name cannot constitute …” „… the above general rule is concerned, the Tanzanian law may be justified if the infringed trade mark …”

Absolute Grounds S. 90-111

„… protection regime to prevent the grant monopoly rights in certain non-distinctive signs: If trade mark law …” „… ), “Whither European Trade Mark Law? Arsenal and Davidoff: The Creative Disorder Stage”, 7 Marq. Intell. Prop …” „… -3793, paras. 44 to 60. 335 PHILLIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law and the Need to Keep Free”, 36(4) IIC 389 …”

Trade mark rights in the Common Market S. 47-51

„… trade-marked goods in a way that cannot be justified by the principles of trade mark law. 120 However, unless …” „… trade mark law relevant for the free movement of branded goods are discussed in section C (I). 50 …” „… mischief I. Principles of trade mark law The potential of trade marks to impede free movement of goods …”

List of abbreviations S. 15-18

„… Common Market Law Review CMP Common Market Protocol Co. Company CTM Community trade mark CTMIR …” „… EFTA European Free Trade Area eKLR Electronic Kenya Law Reports ETMR European Trade Mark Reports 16 …” „… Law Reports ARIPO African Regional Intellectual Property Organization Ariz. J. Int’l & Comp. L …”

Factors vitiating exhaustion S. 227-236

„… law. In the context of trade mark rights, legitimate reasons entitle the CTM proprietor to enforce …” „… 13(2) may better be explored based on repackaging cases. 862 PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: A …” „… , “Kerly’s Law of Trade Marks and Trade names” (4th ed.) 553 (Sweet & Maxwell, London 2005). 233 e …”

Duties in relation to a registered trade mark S. 41-42

„… mark exhaustion underlying the EU trade mark law is outlined in section C of chapter 6. III. Duties …” „… , commencing from the date of expiration of the initial registration. 90 Under the Kenyan law, trade marks …” „… to decide whether he wants his trade mark application to be governed solely by the national law or …”

Rationale of Community trade mark exhaustion S. 218-220

„… Davidoff”: Contract Versus Trade Mark Law”, 31(2) IIC 123, 125 (2000). 816 National and international …” „… the Austrian trade mark law. 824 The ECJ ruled out the principle of international exhaustion of trade …” „… -173/98, Sebago Inc. SA v G-B Unic SA [1999] ECR I-04103, para. 16. 828 PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: A …”

Limitation to the exclusive rights S. 39-41

„… trade mark are same. According to the relevant Section of the law, any use of sign by a third party who …” „… circumstances, the law allows two or more identical or confusingly similar trade marks to co-exist in the trade …” „… principle of regional trade mark exhaustion underlying the EU trade mark law is outlined in section C of …”

Community trade mark courts S. 189-200

„… as may be available under the law of that state in respect of a national trade mark”. The courts …” „… disputes. II. Community trade mark courts Article 95 of the CTMR establishes Community trade mark courts …” „… Community trade mark courts. It is considered that designation of limited number of CTM courts may …”

Legal basis S. 45-47

„… principle of trade mark exhaustion, and the principles of international law; the Chapter analyses different …” „… independent of each other. 108 It is, thus, lawful for a trade mark proprietor to apply for registration of …” „… 45 Chapter 3: The Free Movement of Trade-marked Goods in the East African Community A …”

Invalidity S. 162-166

„… ), addressing the trade signs which have potentialities to mislead the public ab initio. As a matter of law …” „… ” 171 (Kluwer Law International, The Hague 2001). 618 KOOIJ, P.A.C.E. van der, “The Community Trade …” „… respectively. Germany law on trade mark and other distinctive signs implements Article 3(2) (d) of the …”

International trade mark registration S. 42-43

„… discrepancies and/or some weaknesses inherent in the national trade mark laws of the EAC Partner States. In …” „… and Ugandan laws is addressed differently from the stipulation under the Tanzanian law, the root …” „… laws, the Tanzanian trade mark legislation does not contain any stipulation in this respect. Regarding …”

Opposition against CTM registration S. 152-160

„… which applications must comply. 576 Cf. Article 45 of the CTMR. 577 PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law …” „… , J., “Trade Mark Law: a Practical Anatomy” 428 (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003). 588 For an …” „… Community Trade Mark” 110 (Kluwer Law International, The Hague 2001). 592 These trademarks and signs may …”

Delineation and forms of trade mark exhaustion S. 217-218

„… national law. Pursuant to the principle of regional exhaustion, “trade mark rights cannot be invoked to …” „… Davidoff”: Contract Versus Trade Mark Law”, 31(2) IIC 123, 125 (2000). 816 National and international …” „… 217 parties interfere with the essential function of a trade mark, the proprietor will not be …”

CTM application S. 146-152

„… relation to trade mark law of the member states. 549 F. CTM Application and Opposition proceedings …” „… Benelux Trade Mark Office will acquire as its filing date the date on which all documents required by law …” „… Legal Aspects of the Community Trade Mark” 98 (Kluwer Law International, The Hague 2001). 558 Cf …”

Protection of a CTM with reputation S. 133-137

„… . MANIATIS, S. M., (2003), “Whither European Trade Mark Law? Arsenal and Davidoff: The Creative Disorder …” „… , “Kerly’s Law of Trade Marks and Trade names” (4th ed.) 383 (Sweet & Maxwell, London 2005). 496 …” „… PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: a Practical Anatomy” 177 (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003). 497 …”

Conditions for Community trade mark exhaustion S. 220-227

„… Inc. SA v G-B Unic SA [1999] ECR I-04103, para. 16. 828 PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: A Practical …” „… is not relevant in principle under trade mark law. 856 In the light of the holding in the above …” „… apply the national law of contract to limit the rights of the trade mark proprietor (such as where …”

Seniority S. 176-182

„… .), “European Community Trade Mark” 427 (Kluwer Law International, Boston 1997). 674 Cf. OHIM, Decision of …” „… . Section 4(2) of the German Law on Trade Marks and other Distinctive Signs of 1994, as amended severally …” „… 176 II. Seniority The principle of seniority facilitates the “merger of Community trade marks …”

Trade mark opposition and cancellation procedure S. 35-36

„… particular trade mark. In this regard, the law allows interested parties to oppose registration of a …” „… 35 c) Business or company name The Kenyan and Ugandan trade mark laws do not provide an …” „… cancellation procedure The national trade mark laws grant the High Courts 59 of the EAC Partner States with …”

Introduction S. 239-240

„… the trade mark protection regime under the Benelux Uniform Trade Mark Law893 and the trade mark rules …” „… principles underlying the EU’s CTM system “lean heavily for their derivation on the Benelux law of trade …” „… 239 Chapter 7: A Model Trade Mark Regime for the East African Community A. Introduction The …”

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union S. 208-209

„… expressed in recent ECJ’s case law, refers to a scenario in which a trade mark proprietor devises a scheme …” „… . free trade objective”. 777 It stipulates that “The provisions of Articles 34 shall not preclude …” „… discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States” – a requirement stipulated in the …”

Co-existence of trade marks S. 174-176

„… Laws”, in: FRANZOSI, M. (ed.) (1997), “European Community Trade Mark” 415 (Kluwer Law International …” „… national laws relating to trade marks”. See also recital 6 of the CTMR, which insists on the need of …” „… institutions responsible for CTM enforcement and their powers, the law applicable to actual or threatened …”

Scope of CTM protection S. 112-118

„… ., “Trade Mark Law: a Practical Anatomy” 314 (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003). 392 …” „… to interdict the use, in trade, by third parties, of any sign, which is identical to his trademark …” „… , without any modification or addition, all the elements constituting the trade mark or where, viewed as a …”

Formal and substantive requirements vis-à-vis non-traditional marks S. 84-90

„… 256 Cf. PHILLIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: A Practical Guide” 65 (OUP, New York 2003). 257 Cf …” „… al, “Trade Marks – Law and Practice” (2nd ed.) 32 (Jordan Publishing, Ltd., Bristol 2005). 275 …” „… 84 relation to trade or service mark protection, should enable a person to know, through an …”

Integration of the existing national trade mark rights into the EAC trade mark regime S. 261-264

„… trade mark law of the Partner State before whose trade mark office the application was initially filed …” „… 261 II. Integration of the existing national trade mark rights into the EAC trade mark regime …” „… The term “national trade mark rights” is employed under this section to mean both trade marks …”

Introduction S. 173-174

„… Laws”, in: FRANZOSI, M. (ed.) (1997), “European Community Trade Mark” 415 (Kluwer Law International …” „… national laws relating to trade marks”. See also recital 6 of the CTMR, which insists on the need of …” „… 173 Chapter 5: Interplay between Community trade mark and trademark systems of EU Member …”

Application of Brussels Regulation S. 187-189

„… competent to deal with the CTM enforcement issues. Since various laws such as the national law of the …” „… 187 II. Preservation of earlier rights under national law Pursuant to Article 165(5) of the …” „… Community trade mark rights The interrelationship between the CTM system and the national trademark …”

Introductory remarks S. 79-80

„… to guide the national authorities as to how the community law in relation to trade mark …” „… al, “Kerly’s Law of Trade Marks and Trade names” (4th ed.) 95 (Sweet & Maxwell, London 2005 …” „… 79 Chapter 4: Overview of the European Community Trade Mark System A. Introductory remarks …”

Office responsible for CTM system S. 80-81

„… national authorities as to how the community law in relation to trade mark registration is to be …” „… OHIM), as the chief office responsible for community trade mark registrations. As a body of the …” „… line with community law governing the internal market. OHIM is therefore expected to guide the …”

Effects of CTM revocation and invalidity S. 166-167

„… . 628 GASTINEL, E., & MILFORD, M., “The Legal Aspects of the Community Trade Mark” 172 (Kluwer Law …” „… the Community Trade Mark” 160 (Kluwer Law International, The Hague 2001). 630 Nevertheless …” „… Law International, The Hague 2001). 631 KOOIJ, P.A.C.E. van der, “The Community Trade Mark …”

Trademark use as a condition for infringement S. 131-133

„… - 251/95, Sabel BV v. Puma AG [1997] ECR I-06191, para.18. 484 PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: a …” „… KITCHIN, D., et al, “Kerly’s Law of Trade Marks and Trade names” (4th ed.) 364 (Sweet & Maxwell, London …” „… . MANIATIS, S. M., (2003), “Whither European Trade Mark Law? Arsenal and Davidoff: The Creative Disorder …”

Recognition and enforcement of Judgments S. 204-206

„… , more precisely, what is already contained in the latter. While Article 102(2) refers to the law of the …” „… Member State where infringing act takes place including the private international law of this State …” „… , Article 8(2) of Rome II refers only to the general law of the Member State where incidence of …”

Automatic extension of Community trade marks S. 185-187

„… ., “The Legal Aspects of the Community Trade Mark” 143 (Kluwer Law International, The Hague 2001). 700 …” „… competent to deal with the CTM enforcement issues. Since various laws such as the national law of the …” „… 185 C. Enlargement of the European Union and Community trade marks Any accession to the …”

Applicable law S. 200-204

„… . 2. Community Trade Mark Regulation a) General applicable law Article 14 of the CTMR entrusts …” „… national law includes a general prohibition of infringement of Community trade marks and provides for the …” „… . III. Applicable law 1. Rome II Regulation The general choice of law rule in intellectual property …”

Introduction S. 207-208

„… recent ECJ’s case law, refers to a scenario in which a trade mark proprietor devises a scheme enabling …” „… chapter examines the balance achieved by the ECJ and the EC 773 legislature to ensure that trade …” „… regard, the Chapter addresses some fundamental principles, which determine the precincts of a trade …”

Concluding remarks S. 77-78

„… party’s domestic trade mark law, which discriminates between the contracting parties or which …” „… transposed the TRIPS Agreement’s minimum provisions into domestic law, any form of trade mark exhaustion …” „… provisions available: The reality of the matter is that the principle of international trade mark exhaustion …”

Revocation S. 160-162

„… trade sign is prone to be revoked or not. Article 51 of the CTMR provides in no uncertain terms that …” „… “the rights of the proprietor of the Community trade mark shall be declared to be revoked on …” „… claim that the proprietor’s rights in a Community trade mark should be revoked” provided that “during …”

Essence of the formal requirement S. 83-84

„… requirements for trademark registration under the CTMR. 259 256 Cf. PHILLIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: A …” „… such a representation is mirrored by the fact that an application for trade mark registration may …” „… registered trade or service mark affords to its proprietor a monopoly over the exclusive use of the signs …”

Key principles relating to precedence of CTM rights S. 145-146

„… relation to trade mark law of the member states. 549 F. CTM Application and Opposition proceedings …” „… for a trade mark in or for any state party to the Paris Convention ... shall enjoy, for the purpose …” „… of filing a Community trade mark application for the same trade mark in respect of goods and …”

EC as a designated territory S. 167-170

„… Community Trade Mark” 160 (Kluwer Law International, The Hague 2001). 630 Nevertheless, “repayment of …” „… . GASTINEL, E., & MILFORD, M., “The Legal Aspects of the Community Trade Mark” 160 (Kluwer Law International …” „… byArticle Guide” 100 (Sweet & Maxwell, London 2000). 632 KITCHIN, D., et al, “Kerly’s Law of Trade Marks …”

General introduction S. 19-22

„… principles of trade mark law such as where restriction on the movement of trade-marked goods is permitted …” „… this regard, chapter 2 analyses the national trade mark laws of the EAC Partner States and depicts the …” „… 19 Chapter1: General introduction Trade mark rights afford a privileged monopoly to the …”

CTM registration or application as a basis for international registration S. 170-172

„… the Protocol. 654 Cf. FIRTH, A., et al, “Trade Marks – Law and Practice” (2nd ed.) 258 (Jordan …” „… Madrid Protocol. 655 Cf. FIRTH, A., et al, “Trade Marks – Law and Practice” (2nd ed.) 260 (Jordan …” „… considerable. 658 657 Cf. Article 38 of the CTMR. 658 Cf. FIRTH, A., et al, “Trade Marks – Law and …”

Concluding remarks S. 43-44

„… discrepancies and/or some weaknesses inherent in the national trade mark laws of the EAC Partner States. In …” „… and Ugandan laws is addressed differently from the stipulation under the Tanzanian law, the root …” „… laws, the Tanzanian trade mark legislation does not contain any stipulation in this respect. Regarding …”

Concluding remarks S. 206

„… European Community trade mark system required a somewhat complicated legal formula in order to achieve a …” „… viable interplay between this newly established unitary right and the different national trade mark …” „… rights created and protected in the Member States. While the devised formula enables trade mark …”

Relative grounds for refusal S. 111-112

„… 1996). 387 PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: a Practical Anatomy” 143 (Oxford University Press …” „… )agents’ mark, (5)earlier unregistered trademarks, and (6)earlier signs used in the course of trade …” „… grounds for trade mark refusal may be invoked by third parties to oppose registration of a CTM …”

Likelihood of confusion S. 118-131

„… (Case 39/94, [1999] ETMR 1) (cf. FIRTH, A., et al, “Trade Marks – Law and Practice” (2nd ed.) 80 …” „… . 484 PHILIPS, J., “Trade Mark Law: a Practical Anatomy” 357 (Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003). …” „… , during trade mark examination or opposition proceedings. 414 Indeed, this approach cannot be …”

Trade mark conversion S. 182-185

„… ., “The Legal Aspects of the Community Trade Mark” 143 (Kluwer Law International, The Hague 2001). 700 …” „… principle of trade mark rights, which holds a particular national trade mark as valid only in the country …” „… . III. Trade mark conversion A CTM proprietor has a right to convert his CTM registration or …”

Substantive requirement – the capability to distinguish S. 81-83

„… minimum registration requirements enshrined in Article 15 of the agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of …” „… constituting a trademark”, Article 15 TRIPS accommodates the substantive and 52 (Kluwer Law International …” „… Community Trade Mark in Practice”, 32(6) IIC 625, 626 (2001), footnote 6. 82 formal requirements for …”

Introduction S. 45

„… principle of trade mark exhaustion, and the principles of international law; the Chapter analyses different …” „… 45 Chapter 3: The Free Movement of Trade-marked Goods in the East African Community A …” „… subjected to a critical scrutiny. Following some general considerations addressing the way in which trade …”

Limitations to CTM rights S. 137-142

„… Directive89/104/EEC – harmonising trade mark law) was adopted. (See ECJ, Case C-245/02 Anheuser-Busch Inc …” „… course of trade their own names or addresses. The provision allows persons other than a CTM proprietor …” „… to use in relation to trade their personal designations, even where the designations concerned are …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-4

„… München Prof. Robert Brauneis The George Washington University Law School Prof. Dr. Josef Drexl, LL.M …” „… . (Berkeley) Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law Prof. Dr. Thomas M.J …” „… Intellectual Property and Competition Law Volume 16 BUT_Jaconiah_7700-9.indd 2 18.09.12 11:36 Niteleka …”

Preface S. 5-6

„… a regional trade mark regime in the East African Community and fathom the extent to which trade …” „… Max-Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law (MPI) for serving as the author’s …” „… Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC) deserve special thanks: they in their respective capacities …”

Preservation of earlier rights under national law S. 187

„… competent to deal with the CTM enforcement issues. Since various laws such as the national law of the …” „… 187 II. Preservation of earlier rights under national law Pursuant to Article 165(5) of the …” „… Community trade mark rights The interrelationship between the CTM system and the national trademark …”

Institutions responsible for trade mark registration S. 23-24

„… inherent in the national trade mark laws of the EAC Partner States are streamlined and harmonised, a …” „… for the attainment of a common EAC trade mark regime. 5 Act No. 12/86 of the Laws of Tanzania. 6 …” „… ), business names (under the Business Names Act Cap 213 of the laws of Tanzania), Trade and Service Marks …”

Introduction S. 23

„… inherent in the national trade mark laws of the EAC Partner States are streamlined and harmonised, a …” „… for the attainment of a common EAC trade mark regime. 5 Act No. 12/86 of the Laws of Tanzania. 6 …” „… 23 Chapter 2: The Absence of Common Trade Mark Regime in the East African Community A …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242156

Andreas Fischer-Lescano, Hans-Peter Gasser, Thilo Marauhn, Natalino Ronzitti - Frieden in Freiheit - Peace in liberty - Paix en liberté

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Frieden in Freiheit - Peace in liberty - Paix en liberté

2008

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Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann In Search for Justice: International Trade Law and Human Rights S. 659-666

„… In Search for Justice: International Trade Law and Human Rights Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann …” „… the proposals for an ILA Declaration on ‘Human Rights and International Trade Law’. I. Justice in …” „… rights. The human rights obligations of all states require evaluating also international trade law in …”

Peter H. Sand Japans „Forschungswalfang“ und das Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommen (CITES) S. 693-722

„… the Borderland of Trade and Environment”, European Journal of International Law 8 (1997) 29-58 (S …” „… . Trade Sanctions”, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 22 (1995) 671-692; E.R. De Sombre …” „… : The International Trade Law Context”, Nordic Journal of International Law 66 (1997) 453-474; Andresen …”

Rüdiger Wolfrum The Protection of the Environment through International Courts and Tribunals S. 819-830

„… I. Introduction The beginnings of international environmental law are marked by a small number of …” „… (1957).3 Since then, international treaty law on the protection of the environment has clearly expanded …” „… ; however, this is not the case of international case law, although several international courts and …”

Sabine Schlemmer-Schulte Sovereign Debt: The Argentine Bonds Case S. 985-1030

„… law/domestic law sphere. Aside from the first question raised by Justice Lübbe-Wolff concerning the possible …” „… Development Agenda of the ongoing round of negotiations within the World Trade Organization (WTO). 7 Among …” „… these initiatives are the European Union’s “Everything But Arms” Agreement and the US’s Trade and …”

Stefan Kadelbach Entwicklungsvölkerrecht S. 637-648

„… (Hrsg.), United Nations: Law and Practice, Bd. I, 1995, 366 ff.; ders., Environment, Development …” „… Globalisation, 2005; J.E. Stiglitz, Making Globalisation Work, 2006.. 11 J. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 1999 …” „… Prinzip komparativer Kostenvorteile beruhenden terms of trade nicht für alle Marktteilnehmer …”

Allan Rosas EU Primary Law as Substantive Law S. 969-984

„… of trade between the Member States, the implications of this case-law, applying by and large an …” „… EU Primary Law as Substantive Law Allan Rosas Introduction In the campaign leading …” „… general question of substantive (material) versus formal (procedural) constitutional law and EU …”

Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 7-12

„… Trade Law and Human Rights 647 Michel Prieur L’intégration du paysage dans les politiques et …” „… and „Rogue States“ 215 Mary Ellen O’Connell Defending the Law against Preemptive Force 237 Alain …” „… Natalino Ronzitti The Proliferation Security Initiative and International Law 269 Jean Salmon Les …”

Natalino Ronzitti The Proliferation Security Initiative and International Law S. 281-296

„… activity is per se lawful or when a circumstance precluding wrongfulness may be invoked. The law of the …” „… The Proliferation Security Initiative and International Law Natalino Ronzitti …” „… but should rather be regarded as soft law – a kind of political commitment by which the participating …”

Bernd Martenczuk The External Representation of the European Union: From Fragmentation to a Single European Voice? S. 953-968

„… European Communities in public international law.1 Since then, the European Union has appeared as a new …” „… . It is uncontested that this provision refers to legal personality under public international law.5 …” „… General Law of EC External Relations, p. 200 (2000). 5 Cf. Case C-22/70, Commission/Council (ERTA …”

Peter-Tobias Stoll Die CBD, genetische Ressourcen und traditionelles Wissen: Konflikt und symbolisches Recht S. 781-798

„… Resources and Traditional Knowledge: Towards More Specific Rights and Obligations in World Trade Law …” „… Nature (IUCN), Einvironmental Policy and Law Paper, No. 30, Gland, Cambridge, 1994; Henne, Genetische …” „… Hahn, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Knowledge and Indigenous Resources in International Law, in: von …”

Hanspeter Neuhold The International Community and „Rogue States“ S. 227-248

„… such diverse areas as international security and environmental law. It is on an issue in the former …” „… international law, threaten their neighbours, and callously violate international treaties to which they are a …” „… Ursula Kriebaum (eds.), the law of international relations: liber amicorum hanspeter neuhold (2007), pp …”

Andreas Zimmermann Durchsetzung des Völkerrechts zwischen Fragmentierung, Multilateralisierung und Individualisierung S. 1089-1100

„… international law and almost all of their obligations almost all of the time”2. Fraglich ist aber, selbst die …” „… : Bernhardt (Hrsg.), EPIL II (1995), 1278 ff. 2 Louis Henkin, How Nations Behave: Law and Foreign Policy …” „… Law (2003), 42. Zimmermann 1078 hat zur Folge, dass sich zunehmend auch Friktionen mit …”

Jost Delbrück Protecting National Security against Terrorism in Open Societies – A Political, Constitutional and Ethical Dilemma S. 53-62

„… incompatible with the rule of law-state. Accepting law-free zones would amount to falling back into …” „… that „rule of law“-states and their open societies are facing, and to point out the intense interlacing …” „… principles forming the basis of rule of law-states (Rechtsstaaten) and their open societies. However, from …”

Mary Ellen O’Connell Defending the Law against Preemptive Force S. 249-260

„… Defending the Law against Preemptive Force∗ Mary Ellen O’Connell In mid-September 2007 …” „… that no one wanted Damascus to have. Law is largely a matter of practice and custom, and it is …” „… law in his assessment: the United Nations Charter, a treaty, generally prohibits the use of force by …”

Heike Spieker The Conduct of Hostilities and the Protection of the Environment S. 753-780

„… treaties of international humanitarian law is Convention IV of 1907 and its Annex on the Laws and Customs …” „… principle is lawful, both according to treaty and to customary law which is also reflected in Rule 43 C …” „… manifested in the treaty law provisions of Article 35 para. 3 and Article 55 Additional Protocol I4 1977 (AP …”

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