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Philip Utesch - Private Military Companies - die zukünftigen Peacekeeper/Peace Enforcer?

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Philip Utesch

Private Military Companies - die zukünftigen Peacekeeper/Peace Enforcer?

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Volume 189 2013

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Diskursive Formationen S. 65-69

„… Auseinandersetzungen sich abspielen (4.3.) (Schwab-Trapp 2002, 48). 4.1. Diskursive Formationen In diskursiven …” „… in Anlehnung an die Wortwahl Foucaults „diskursive Formationen“ genannt, wobei er den Begriff einem …” „… Bedeutungswandel unterzieht. Für Foucault ist der Begriff Diskurs ein Oberbegriff und die diskursiven Formationen …”

Diskursive Formationen S. 239-243

„… „Human Rights Watch“, von der PMC Blackwater198 sowie von der IPOA. 6.3. Diskursive Formationen Zunächst …”

Diskursive Formationen S. 85-101

„… der Elite 2.Ordnung).69 2.3. Diskursive Formationen Zunächst soll im formulierenden Teil (vgl. Kap …” „… Organisationen, Rebellengruppierungen, Guerilla- und paramilitärische Formationen verletzt werden. Wenn dieser …”

Diskursive Formationen S. 200-222

„… 200 3.3. Diskursive Formationen Im Folgenden wird der Diskurs zum Blackwater Hearing vor dem …” „… Deutungsgebot letztlich als Deutungsvorgabe bzw. diskursive Formation legitimiert und damit als Endprodukt des …”

Diskursive Formationen S. 133-160

„… 133 2.3. Diskursive Formationen Die Analyse des südafrikanischen Diskurses zum „Prohibition of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Michael Schwab-Trapp 65 4.1. Diskursive Formationen 66 4.2. Diskursive Gemeinschaften 69 4.3 …” „… . Diskursive Gemeinschaften 84 2.3. Diskursive Formationen 85 2.3.1. Wirtschaftliche Wirksamkeit 86 2.3.2 …” „… Reformgesetzgebung von 2006 130 2.1. Diskursfeld 131 2.2. Diskursive Gemeinschaften 132 2.3. Diskursive Formationen …”

Diskursfelder und Diskurseliten S. 265-266

„… . Diskursive Formationen 2.1. Deutungsmuster Die diskursiven Formationen basieren auf der Verbindung von …”

Diskursive Gemeinschaften S. 199-200

„… aufgeworfene konkrete Fragestellungen. 200 3.3. Diskursive Formationen Im Folgenden wird der Diskurs zum …” „… , welches Deutungsgebot letztlich als Deutungsvorgabe bzw. diskursive Formation legitimiert und damit als …”

Deutungsmuster S. 266-270

„… Formationen 2.1. Deutungsmuster Die diskursiven Formationen basieren auf der Verbindung von Deutungsmustern …”

Diskursive Gemeinschaften S. 239

„… „Human Rights Watch“, von der PMC Blackwater198 sowie von der IPOA. 6.3. Diskursive Formationen Zunächst …”

Darstellung und Interpretation der Diskursbeiträge S. 76-78

„… ) • Elite dritter Ordnung (Journalisten und Kommentatoren) 3. Diskursive Formationen = Deutungsvorgaben …”

Diskursive Gemeinschaften S. 84-85

„… der Elite 2.Ordnung).69 2.3. Diskursive Formationen Zunächst soll im formulierenden Teil (vgl. Kap …”

Diskursfeld S. 238-239

„… “, von der PMC Blackwater198 sowie von der IPOA. 6.3. Diskursive Formationen Zunächst soll im …”

Diskursive Gemeinschaften S. 132-133

„… Operations Association” (IPOA) reichen auch 133 2.3. Diskursive Formationen Die Analyse des …”

Michel Foucaults Diskursbegriff S. 63-65

„… .) vier Dimensionen und Formationen ein. Diese beinhalten nach Schwab-Trapp (2001, 262) Regeln, die …”

Länderdiskurse (Großbritannien, Südafrika, USA) S. 72-75

„… Diskursgemeinschaften mit ihren Beiträgen und den darin enthaltenen Argumenten erzeugten diskursiven Formationen. Aus …”

Einsatzoptionen von PMCs S. 53-60

„… Outcomes hatten zudem den Vorschlag unterbreitet, für die UN an Warlords oder ähnliche Formationen …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251516

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Gunnar Hindrichs (ed.)

Konzepte 1

Series: Konzepte

Volume 1 2015

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S. Lovibond Practical Reason and Character-Formation S. 7-22

„… Sabina Lovibond, Oxford PRACTICAL REASON AND CHARACTER-FORMATION Moral philosophy in the …” „… book Ethical Formation.1 My purpose in that book is to discover what may be left of the idea of …” „… pessimistic moment within Greek ethical rationalism. On its constructive side, Ethical Formation proposes a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-4

„… Hindrichs (Basel) Charles Larmore (Providence) Practical Reason and Character Formation Derselbe im Hier …” „… ) Vorwort des Herausgebers Practical Reason and Character Formation Derselbe im Hier. Phänomenologische …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783465139218

Marc Debus - Pre-Electoral Alliances, Coalition Rejections, and Multiparty Governments

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Marc Debus

Pre-Electoral Alliances, Coalition Rejections, and Multiparty Governments

2007

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Coalition formation S. 162-177

„… formation. 5.1 Coalition formation In this sub-section, I contrast the predictions of the coalition theories …” „… rejected a priori mostly determine coalition formation. The concept of ideological heterogeneity applied …” „… here is an extension of De Swaan’s (1973) closed minimal range coalition formation theory. While last …”

Multidimensional models of party competition and coalition formation S. 98-104

„… outlined results of the Schleswig-Holstein coalition formation game, it seems that both size and policy …” „… inclusion of policy positions for analysing patterns of coalition formation add significant information and …” „… will focus on more recent multi-dimensional models of coalition formation. 3.3 Multidimensional models …”

Theories of coalition formation and the pay-off structure in coalition governments S. 94-98

„… coalition formation, the assertion potential of coalition parties and, in a third step, for their …” „… programmatic behaviour. 3.2 Theories of coalition formation and the pay-off structure in coalition governments …” „… Theories on coalition formation can be divided into office- and policy driven approaches. The basic …”

Coalition formation, assertiveness and tactical programmatic positioning as patterns of coalition politics S. 90-94

„… 90 3 Theory and Model: What determines coalition formation, assertion potential and the …” „… programmatic positioning of political parties? 3.1 Coalition formation, assertiveness and tactical programmatic …” „… formation, assertion potential as well as tactical programmatic behaviour in coalition politics exist. To …”

Bringing office-, policy- and (semi-)institutional perspectives together: an extended model of coalition politics S. 118-131

„… coalition formation in terms of composition, portfolio allocation, policy formulation and process …” „… institutional constraints on coalition formation in formal models would indeed lead to a general explanation of …” „… coalition formation and policy outcomes in parliamentary democracies, because of the huge variation in …”

The institutional perspective S. 107-112

„… 107 and Bastow, 2001). When looking at real world party politics one may argue that the formation …” „… formation process in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, the SSW rejected a coalition formation with CDU …” „… ), Laver and Budge (1992a: 11f.) name four influential factors for coalition formation that are not covered …”

The behaviouralist perspective S. 112-118

„… ÖVP explicitly rejected the formation of a coalition with the FPÖ only in 1994, whereas Austrian …” „… formation in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, the aim of building a redgreen minority coalition was …” „… , minority governments in Scandinavia were seen as something normal in government formation. The reason is …”

Approaches in analysing payoffs in coalition governments S. 104-107

„… 104 has not only implications for coalition formation, but also on the assertion potential of …” „… the core concept and the heart model to explain overall structures in coalition formation: why are …” „… an important factor in the formation of European coalition governments”. Their conclusion is derived …”

Institutional constraints on Belgian party competition and coalition politics S. 85-89

„… chances for the formation of coalition governments with a small majority of seats. In particular after …” „… (Deschouwer, 2001: 205). The fourth factor deals more explicitly with the government formation process. After …” „… . This factor a priori excludes the formation of coalitions with small majorities. Moreover, the parity …”

Which parties are pivotal? S. 181-185

„… the heart. Similar to the analysis on coalition formation, I will only refer to the economic …” „… final model on coalition formation have revealed, the ideological heterogeneity on the economic and …” „… crucial for coalition formation than the country-specific third policy dimension. Another aspect that has …”

References S. 207-228

„… Press. Budge, Ian; Keman, Hans (1990): Parties and Democracy. Coalition Formation and Government …” „… (1973): Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formation. Amsterdam: Elsevier. De Swaan, Abram (1985): Coalition …” „… theory and multi-party systems. In: Wilke, Henk A. M. (ed.): Coalition Formation. Amsterdam, New York …”

Vorwort S. 5-10

„… : What determines coalition formation, assertion potential and the programmatic …” „… positioning of political parties? 90 3.1 Coalition formation …” „… coalition formation and the pay-off structure in coalition governments 94 3.3 Multidimensional models of …”

Research questions, theoretical framework and results of the study S. 15-19

„… This study is about coalition formation, assertion potential and the programmatic behaviour of …” „… formation than the traditional office- and policy-driven perspectives? Or is the programmatic distance …” „… dimension is most important in terms of coalition formation? The policy-area specific positions of parties …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Irish coalition politics S. 25-36

„… has to be ignored in government formation processes. This is because of the already existing political …” „… excluded from government formation by their competitors. This exclusion of parties from the coalition game …” „… alternative. Such a priori exclusions or preferences should not only influence the coalition formation process …”

Institutional constraints on Dutch party competition and coalition politics S. 71-75

„… 71 Until 1986 the PvdA favoured the formation of a coalition between the “progressive three” and …” „… the coalition formation game in the Netherlands is highly determined by a priori statements on …” „… parties in parliament until 2002 did not significantly influence the coalition formation process. The …”

Case selection S. 19-21

„… ; Laver and Budge, 1992a). Moreover, coalition formation, office and policy assertion potential and …” „… particularly interesting for theories and empirical investigations of coalition formation as well as the …” „… party FF rejected the formation of any sort of coalition until the election of 1989 (Laver and Arkins …”

Covered policy dimensions S. 21-23

„… consideration, an analysis based on a conditional logit model will show if coalition formation is rather …” „… potential coalition influence government formation. There is also an abundance of research on patterns of …” „… standpoint the respective patterns of coalition politics and their implication for coalition formation …”

Comparative perspective and open questions S. 89

„… on these dimensions seem to have an influence on the coalition formation process. However, beside the …” „… combination has to be found. It seems that the coalition formation process is not only determined by the …” „… . Therefore, the next part of this study deals with theories on coalition formation as well as with aspects of …”

Plan of the study S. 23-24

„… coalition formation, enforcement potential and programmatic behaviour of political parties. The goal of this …” „… coalition formation theories. In a second step, the focus is on theories that try to explain the payoff …” „… on (1) coalition formation, (2) policy- and office assertion strength and (3) strategic programmatic …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Austrian coalition politics S. 52-58

„… 52 governments. Second, the coalition formation process seems to be overwhelmingly determined by a …” „… until the formation of the “black-blue” coalition government in 2000, a period of “disenchantment” set …” „… sanctions by the EU member states towards Austria after the formation of the ÖVP-FPÖ coalition government in …”

Summary of the findings S. 201-203

„… explanatory power of coalition formation than a combination of traditional office- and policyseeking models …” „… coalition formation, policy assertion potential, office allocation and the parties’ programmatic moves. As a …” „… the next coalition formation game. Parties inside pre-electoral alliances often decrease their …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Dutch coalition politics S. 61-71

„… parties. This highlights another important feature of Dutch coalition formation between 1918 and 1994. In …” „… process led to the formation of the “purple” coalition government between PvdA, VVD and D66 in 1994. 64 …” „… formation process. This clearly restricts the number of parties involved in the coalition game. However …”

Programmatic positions and issue saliency of coalition agreements S. 177-181

„… . Furthermore, it seems that minimal winning coalitions are also favoured in the government formation process …” „… . These findings on the determinants of coalition formation confirms the research strategy of this study …” „… formation, the ideological orientation of another decisive political actor, namely the respective (coalition …”

Patterns of office allocation S. 190-194

„… government formation after the Austrian election of 1979 is excluded, because the SPÖ formed a single party …” „… than single parties for each region as the analytical level. 3The Irish government formations after the …” „… parliament, then each player should try to increase its benefits during the coalition formation – both in …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on German coalition politics S. 39-47

„… Lipset and Rokkan (1967: 50). However, as table 2.5 has indicated, after a formation period until the end …” „… approach is also helpful to explain coalition formation and the emergence of a specific culture in …” „… national-conservative “Deutsche Partei” (DP) had a remarkable impact on future coalition formation processes (Niclauß, …”

Institutional constraints on Austrian party competition and coalition politics S. 58-61

„… and coalition politics. In the coalition formation process, a de jure decisive role is assigned to the …” „… Pelinka, 1993: 11f.; Müller, 2000a: 90). Secondly, president Klestil (ÖVP) tried to prevent the formation …” „… : 227). This was the first time that the FPÖ played a key role in the government formation process on …”

Applied method S. 21

„… consideration, an analysis based on a conditional logit model will show if coalition formation is rather …” „… potential coalition influence government formation. There is also an abundance of research on patterns of …”

Policy assertion potential S. 185-190

„… for analysing coalition formation, but to a greater extent for the assertiveness and programmatic …” „… evidence on coalition formation, the next step in the analytical section is to evaluate the assertion …” „… coalition parties. As in the subsection on coalition formation, I take the fact into account that some …”

Institutional constraints on Irish party competition and coalition politics S. 36-39

„… minister. The ministry of Health and Social Welfare/Social Affairs was split in the 1992 cabinet formation …” „… . In the cabinet formation processes in 1994, 1997 and 2002, this division has been kept. The exact …”

Historical development and cultural constraints on Belgian coalition politics S. 75-85

„… , they never led to a coalition formation with only one party from the Christian-social, the socialist or …” „… formation of coalition governments with a small majority of seats. In particular after 1995, the parties on …” „… , 2001: 205). The fourth factor deals more explicitly with the government formation process. After an …”

Tactical programmatic behaviour of political parties S. 194-200

„… during the coalition formation – both in terms of office allocation and the enforcement of policy issues …” „… to get into a better starting position in the next coalition formation process. Secondly, if specific …”

Institutional constraints on party competition and coalition politics in Germany S. 47-52

„… these cultural and institutional patterns of German party competition on coalition formation, assertion …” „… coalition formation process seems to be overwhelmingly determined by a priori preferences and rejections by …”

Analysis of roll call voting S. 132-133

„… . First, I analyse coalition formation by contrasting the results from a model that accounts for office …”

Right-wing populist parties S. 158-161

„… analysis of party competition and coalition formation, for example by weighting the partyspecific policy …”

Incentives for future research S. 203-206

„… favour Not in favour H1 (coalition formation) ? H2a (policy assertion strength of pivotal parties …”

Analysis of policy documents S. 136-141

„… coalition formation, all players of the coalition game, even if they have no blackmail potential, must be …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203898

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Pilar Perales Viscasillas, Reiner Schulze

The Formation of Contract

Series: Europäisches Privatrecht

Volume 46 2016

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Stefan Kroll The Formation of Contract – International Arbitration S. 191-212

„… 191 The Formation of Contract – International Arbitration Stefan Kröll I. Introduction It is …” „… would seem that for these arbitration clauses no special rules as to the formation could apply than for …” „… appears odd to submit clause 20 of a contract to different rules on formation than the first 19 clauses …”

Fredy Andrei Herrera Osorio New Approach to the Process of Formation of Contracts S. 147-190

„… 147 New Approach to the Process of Formation of Contracts Fredy Andrei Herrera Osorio* I …” „… process of formation of contracts is the adhesion to general terms. The weaker party must accept all …” „… explanation about the process of formation can be found in the Doctoral Thesis entitled ‘Elementos para una …”

Reiner Schulze The Formation of Contract: New Features and Developments in Contracting S. 9-24

„… 9 The Formation of Contract: New Features …” „… ____________________ Uniform Law of the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (ULF). 3 United Nations …” „… ’ (2001) 1 [1] Internationales Handelsrecht 12. Contract Formation: New Features and Developments 11 …”

Thomas Pfeiffer Formation of Contracts and Offer and Acceptance in European Private Law S. 135-146

„… 135 Formation of Contracts and Offer and Acceptance in European Private Law …” „… two concerns general rules on the formation of contracts, and also about offer and acceptance in …” „… at the content of these rules, their first and most important aspect is the freedom of formation of …”

Carsten Herresthal Offer and Acceptance – Other forms of Manifestation of Consent Under the German Civil Code S. 105-134

„… (§§ 1–240 BGB). In general, this part was not amended since 1900. The formation of a contract is still …” „… , the formation of a contract and the integration of standard terms into a contract are governed by the …” „… concept of offer and acceptance. This is even true for of modern kinds of formation of a contract like …”

Pilar Perales Viscasillas Offer and Acceptance and Other Means of Contract Conclusion: An Introduction S. 97-104

„… formation of the contract by offer and acceptance and other forms of manifestation of consent. The …” „… speakers presented their different views on several critical aspects of contract formation, from a …” „… approach to the rules on contract formation, including the extension of the rules of contract formation …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… The Formation of Contract Reiner Schulze/Pilar Perales Viscasillas (eds.) New Features and …” „… 29.03.16 10:19 Reiner Schulze/Pilar Perales Viscasillas (eds.) The Formation of Contract New Features …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schulze, Reiner / Perales Viscasillas, Pilar The Formation of Contract New Features and …”

Sebastian Lohsse Information Duties and Defects in Consent S. 73-88

„… the field of formation of contract. This was all the more true as long as cases of error or mistake …” „… questions of consent and the formation of the contract as such and merely give rise to a right to avoid the …” „… its traditional importance for the formation of contract. It ____________________ 1 Being an …”

Dirk Looschelders Pre-Contractual Obligations and the Concept of Culpa in Contrahendo in German Law S. 29-40

„… the formation of a contract has to take account of the other party’s rights and interests. A party in …” „… at this stage. The formation of a contract constitutes a more or less lengthy process in the course …” „… between the parties comes into being once negotiations on the formation of a contract or similar business …”

Reiner Schulze Pre-contractual Duties: A Brief Introduction S. 25-28

„… Schulze The role of pre-contractual duties in the process of the formation of contract has already been …” „… arrangements for ____________________ 1 See Reiner Schulze, ‘The Formation of Contract: New Features and …” „… formation of intent during the conclusion of the contract. If, for example, the buyer was not informed of a …”

Fryderyk Zoll Culpa in Contrahendo in European Private Law – A Useful Concept? S. 41-58

„… Formation The success of the idea of the culpa contrahendo has dissolved or at least diminished the …” „… moment of the formation of the contract does not distinguish decisively a moment between the phase when …” „… parties and lasting until the end of this relationship. The formation of the contract becomes in this …”

Antonio Manuel Morales Moreno Distribution of the Risk of Information, Duty of Information and Defect of Consent S. 59-72

„… about the risk of defective information in the formation of a contract (especially when it determines …” „… the formation of the contract) and regulation of mistake as a instrument of law to distribute this …” „… ), in as much as willingness is a necessary element in the formation of a contract. – The organisation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845272030

Chantal Bomprezzi - Implications of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts on Contract Law

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Chantal Bomprezzi

Implications of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts on Contract Law

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 23 2021

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CHAPTER 4: CONTRACT FORMATION S. 125-166

„… CONTRACT FORMATION Are smart contracts ‘contracts’? When discussing smart (legal) contracts, one …” „… can be concluded either off-chain or on-chain.551 The authors explain the process of the formation of …” „… ) 498–499. 551 Durovic, Janssen (n 167) 760. CHAPTER 4: CONTRACT FORMATION 126 This chapter investigates the …”

CHAPTER 6: JURISDICTION AND APPLICABLE LAW S. 217-230

„… . Location of contract formation. Current criteria of determination of jurisdiction and applicable law are …” „… based on territoriality. In Chapter 3, they were subdivided into contract formation location, contract …” „… blockchain-based smart contracts. Concerning the location of contract formation, the Italian legal system states …”

CHAPTER 3: FROM VENDING MACHINES TO SMART CONTRACTS S. 75-124

„… perform a financial transaction’.303 They originated in 1968 with the formation of a Special Committee on …” „… encompassed the formation, the performance of the contract, and the applicable law and jurisdiction. About …” „… formation, questions arose primarily about the time and place of the conclusion of the contract. Indeed …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… focuses on the implications of blockchain-based smart contracts on contract formation, contract …” „… Contract formation.2.1. 82 Conclusion of contracts through software agents.2.1.1. 90 Digital identity in …” „… contract formation. 3. 220 Location of contract performance.3.1. 221 Place of residence, domicile, business …”

BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 241-266

„… ., Janssen A., ‘The Formation of Blockchain-based Smart Contracts in the Light of Contract Law’ (2019) 6 …” „… Hultmark Ramberg C., ‘ The E-Commerce Directive and Formation of Contract in a Comparative Perspective …” „… ., ‘Contract Formation in an Internet Age’ (2009) X Columbia Science and Technology Law Review 200 Reidenberg J …”

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS S. 231-240

„… blockchain-based smart contracts on contract law. In particular, the analysis considered contract formation …” „… contract formation is readily determinable when the parties conclude their contract offline and use a smart …” „… contract formation, it was outlined that, according to the definition of contract, the agreement can occur …”

INTRODUCTION S. 11-20

„… accessed 1 October 2021. II. Research problem 13 formation to performance. On this point, the …” „… encompasses contract formation, contract performance and liability, jurisdiction and applicable law in cross …” „… . Chapter 4 is about contract formation, chapter 5 is about contract performance, and chapter 6 is about …”

CHAPTER 2: BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SMART CONTRACTS IN THE CONTRACTUAL DOMAIN S. 47-74

„… > accessed 1 October 2021. 167 M. Durovic, A. Janssen, ‘The Formation of Blockchain-based Smart Contracts in …” „… formationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh. net/smart.contracts.html> accessed 1 October 2021. 187 De Filippi, Wright (n …” „… As concerns the negative aspects, the authors mainly focus on contract formation and execution. The …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930068

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